RESUMO
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of adult acute leukemia. The pathophysiology of the disease has been studied intensively at the cellular and molecular levels. At present, cytogenetic markers are an important basis for the early diagnosis, prognostic stratification and treatment of AML. However, with the emergence of new technologies, the detection of other molecular markers, such as gene mutations and epigenetic changes, began to play important roles in evaluating the occurrence and development of diseases. Recent evidence shows that identifying new AML biomarkers contributes to a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the disease and is essential for AML screening, diagnosis, prognosis monitoring, and individualized treatment response. In this review, we summarized the promising AML biomarkers from four aspects, which contributing to a better understanding of the disease. Of course, it must be soberly aware that we have not listed all biomarkers of AML. Anyway, the biomarkers we mentioned are representative. For example, mutations in TP53, FLT3, and ASXL1 suggest poor prognosis, low remission rate, short survival period, and often require allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The CEBPA double mutation, NPM1 and CBF mutation suggest that the prognosis is good, the remission rate is high, the survival period is long, and the effect of chemotherapy or autotherapy is good. As for other mutations mentioned in the article, they usually predict a moderate prognosis. All in all, we hope it could provide a reference for the precise diagnosis and treatment of AML.
RESUMO
The objective of this study was to evaluate the fertilization capability of White Bengal Tiger frozen-thawed completely immotile spermatozoa after interspecific intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with bovine oocytes. The fertilization status of presumptive zygotes was assessed 18 h after ICSI by immunofluorescence staining and confocal microscopy. The fertilization rate was 34.8% (8/23), as confirmed by the extrusion of two polar bodies, or male and female pronuclei formation. For unfertilized oocytes (65.2%, 15/23), one activated oocyte had an activated spermatozoon but most were unactivated oocytes with unactivated spermatozoa (1/15, 6.7% vs 10/15, 66.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). These results showed that White Bengal Tiger frozen-thawed completely immotile spermatozoa retained the capacity to fertilize bovine oocytes after interspecific ICSI. This is the first report of in vitro produced zygotes using tiger immotile sperm with bovine oocytes by interspecific ICSI technique, which provides an efficient and feasible method for preservation and utilization of endangered feline animals.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the curative effect of electroacupuncture(EA) of Zigong (EX-CA 1) and Tianshu (ST 25) and acupuncture of Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4) for perimenopausal syndrome(PMS). METHODS: Fifty-eight PMS patients were equally and randomized into acupuncture group and medication group. EA (10 Hz/50 Hz, 30 min in duration) was applied at Zigong (EX-CA 1) and Tianshu (ST 25) in combination with manual acupuncture stimulation of Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4) by twirling the acupuncture needles with small amplitude and till deqi. The treatment was conducted once every other day, three times a week, 8 weeks altogether. The patients of the medication group were asked to take estradiol valerate (1 mg/time, qd) for 3 weeks, then, to have one week's rest and continuously took estradiol valerate(1 mg/d) and medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate (8 mg/d) for 10 days. The therapeutic effects were assessed by Menopause Rating Scale Questionnaire[MRS, composing of 3 areas:somatic (4 items), psychological(4 items) and urogenital (3 items) domain]. Serum estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteotrophic hormone (LH) contents were assayed using ELISA. RESULTS: After the treatment, the scores of the MRS and the contents of serum FSH and LH were significantly decreased in both the acupuncture and medication groups (P<0.01), and serum E2 contents significantly increased in the two groups (P<0.01). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the total effective rates (P>0.05). Eight weeks' follow-up showed that the MRS score of the acupuncture group was significantly lower than that of the medication group (P<0.05). Of the two 29 PMS patients in the medication and acupuncture groups, 3 (10.3%) and 2 (6.9%) cases were under control, 22 (75.9%) and 21 (72.4%) experienced a marked improvement in their symptoms, 3 (10.3%) and 4(13.8%) were effective, 1 (3.4%) and 2(6.9%) invalid, with the effective rates being 96.6% and 93.1%, respectively. Eight weeks' follow-up showed that the long-term effect of the acupuncture therapy was obviously superior to that of the medication (P<0.05) according to MRS score. CONCLUSIONS: Acupuncture therapy is effective in relieving clinical symptoms of PMS women by regulating endocrine hormones, being similar to medication.
