The roles of templates consisting of amino acids in the synthesis and application of gold nanoclusters.

Gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with low toxicity, high photostability, and facile synthesis have attracted great attention. The ligand is of great significance in stabilizing AuNCs and regulating their properties. Ligands consisting of amino acids (proteins and peptides) are an ideal template for synthesizing applicative AuNCs due to their inherent bioactivity, biocompatibility, and accessibility. In this review, we summarize the correlation of the template consisting of amino acids with the properties of AuNCs by analyzing different peptide sequences. The selection of amino acids can regulate the fluorescence excitation/emission and intensity, size, cell uptake, and light absorption. By analyzing the role played by AuNCs stabilized by proteins and peptides in the application, universal rules and detailed performances of sensors, antibacterial agents, therapeutic reagents, and light absorbers are reviewed. This review can guide the template design and application of AuNCs when selecting proteins and peptides as ligands.

Interactive model for predicting the oncological outcome of patients with early-stage huge hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: a multicenter population-based study.

An interactive model for predicting the oncological outcome of patients with early-stage huge hepatocellular carcinoma (ES-HHCC) after hepatectomy is still lacking. This study was aimed at exploring the independent risk parameters and developing an interactive model for predicting the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of ES-HHCC. Data from patients with ES-HHCC who underwent hepatectomy were collected. The dimensionality of the clinical features was reduced by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and further screened as predictors of CSS by Cox regression. Then, an interactive prediction model was developed and validated. Among the 514 screened patients, 311 and 203 of them were assigned into the training and validation cohort, respectively. Six independent variables, including alpha-fetoprotein, cirrhosis, microvascular invasion, satellite, tumor morphology, and tumor diameter, were identified and incorporated into the prediction model for CSS. The model achieved C-indices of 0.724 and 0.711 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves showed general consistency in both cohorts. Compared with single predictor, the model had a better performance and greater benefit according to the time-independent receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis (P < 0.05). The calculator owned satisfactory accuracy and flexible operability for predicting the CSS of ES-HHCC, which could serve as a practical tool to stratify patients with different risks, and guide decision-making.

Exploration of the Binding Mechanism of Cyclic Dinucleotide Analogs to Stimulating Factor Proteins and the Implications for Subsequent Analog Drug Design.

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are cyclic molecules consisting of two nucleoside monophosphates linked by two phosphodiester bonds, which act as a second messenger and bind to the interferon gene stimulating factor (STING) to activate the downstream signaling pathway and ultimately induce interferon secretion, initiating an anti-infective immune response. Cyclic dinucleotides and their analogs are lead compounds in the immunotherapy of infectious diseases and tumors, as well as immune adjuvants with promising applications. Many agonists of pathogen recognition receptors have been developed as effective adjuvants to optimize vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy. In this work, the binding mechanism of human-derived interferon gene-stimulating protein and its isoforms with cyclic dinucleotides and their analogs was theoretically investigated using computer simulations and combined with experimental results in the hope of providing guidance for the subsequent synthesis of cyclic dinucleotide analogs.

Co-, N-doped carbon dot nanozymes based on an untriggered ROS generation approach for anti-biofilm activities and in vivo anti-bacterial treatment.

Bacterial infections originating from food, water, and soil are widely recognized as significant global public health concerns. Biofilms are implicated in approximately two-thirds of bacterial infections. In recent times, nanomaterials have emerged as potential agents for combating biofilms and bacteria, with many of them being activated by light and H2O2 to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, this energy-consuming and extrinsic substrate pattern poses many challenges for practical application. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop methods for the untriggered generation of ROS to effectively address biofilm and bacterial infections. In this study, we investigated the oxidase-like activity of the Co,N-doped carbon dot (CoNCD) nanozyme, which facilitated the oxidation of ambient O2 to generate 1O2 in the absence of light and H2O2 supplementation; this resulted in effective biofilm cleavage and enhanced bactericidal effects. CoNCDs could become a potential candidate for wound healing and treatment of acute peritonitis in vivo, which can be primarily attributed to the spontaneous production of ROS. This study presents a convenient ROS generator that does not necessitate any specific triggering conditions. The nanozyme properties of CoNCDs exhibit significant promise as a potential remedy for diseases, specifically as an anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial agent.

Design and Multiobjective Dynamic Optimization of Superheaters for Load-Following Operation in Pulverized Coal Power Plants.

Pulverized coal power plants are increasingly participating in aggressive load-following markets, therefore necessitating the design and optimization of primary superheaters for flexible operations. These superheaters play a critical role in maintaining the final steam temperature of the steam turbine, but their high operating temperatures and pressures make them prone to failure. This study focuses on the optimal design of future-generation primary superheaters for a fast load-following operation. To achieve this, a detailed first-principles model of a primary superheater is developed along with submodels for stress and fatigue damage. Two single-objective optimization problems are solved: one for minimizing metal mass as a measure of capital cost and another for minimizing pressure drop on the steam side as a measure of operating cost. Since these objective functions conflict, a multiobjective optimization problem is executed using a weighted metric methodology. Results from these optimization studies show that the base case design can violate stress constraints during the aggressive load-following operation. However, by optimizing the design variables, it is possible to not only satisfy tight stress constraints but also achieve the desired number of allowable cycles and adhere to the steam outlet temperature constraint. In addition, the optimized design reduces either the metal mass or the steam-side pressure drop compared to that of the base case design. Importantly, this approach is not limited to primary superheaters alone but can also be applied to similar high-temperature heat exchangers in other applications.

Oncological prognosis and morbidity of hepatectomy in elderly patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score matching and multicentre study.

PURPOSE: With increasing life expectancy, the number of elderly patients (≥ 65 years) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has steadily increased. Hepatectomy remains the first-line treatment for HCC patients. However, the prognosis of hepatectomy for elderly patients with HCC remains unclear. METHODS: Clinical and follow-up data from 1331 HCC patients who underwent surgery between 2008 and 2020 were retrospectively retrieved from a multicentre database. Patients were divided into elderly (≥ 65 years) and non-elderly (< 65 years) groups, and PSM was used to balance differences in the baseline characteristics. The postoperative major morbidity and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of the two groups were compared and the independent factors that were associated with the two study endpoints were identified by multivariable regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the 1331 HCC patients enrolled in this study, 363 (27.27%) were elderly, while 968 (72.73%) were not. After PSM, 334 matched samples were obtained. In the propensity score matching (PSM) cohort, a higher rate of major morbidity was found in elderly patients (P = 0.040) but the CSS was similar in the two groups (P = 0.087). Multivariate analysis revealed that elderly age was not an independent risk factor associated with high rates of major morbidity (P = 0.117) or poor CSS (P = 0.873). The 1-, 3- and 5-year CSS rates in the elderly and non-elderly groups were 91.0% versus 86.2%, 71.3% versus 68.8% and 55.9% versus 58.0%, respectively. Preoperative alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level, Child‒Pugh grade, intraoperative blood transfusion, extended hemi hepatectomy, and tumour diameter could affect the postoperative major morbidity and preoperative AFP level, cirrhosis, Child‒Pugh grade, macrovascular invasion, microvascular invasion (MVI), satellite nodules, and tumor diameter were independently and significantly associated with CSS. CONCLUSION: Age itself had no significant effect on the prognosis of elderly patients with HCC after hepatectomy. Hepatectomy can be safely performed in elderly patients after cautious perioperative management.

"Hooking method" for hepatic inflow control: a new approach for laparoscopic Pringle maneuver.

BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic Pringle maneuver is crucial for controlling bleeding during laparoscopic hepatectomy. In this study, we introduce a new laparoscopic Pringle maneuver and preliminarily investigate its application in laparoscopic hepatectomy. METHODS: We collected and analyzed the clinical data of 17 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy at the Department of Hepatic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China, from January 2022 to January 2023. All patients underwent the hooking method for intermittent occlusion of hepatic inflow. Intraoperative and postoperative clinical indices were observed and recorded. RESULTS: All 17 patients underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy with hepatic inflow control using the hooking method. Four patients with adhesions under the hepatoduodenal ligament successfully had occlusion loops placed using the hooking method combined with Zhang's modified method during surgery. The median occlusion time for the 17 patients was 34 (12-60) min, and the mean operation time was 210 ± 70 min. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 145 ± 86 ml, and no patients required intraoperative blood transfusion. The patients' postoperative peak AST was 336 ± 183 U/L, and the postoperative peak ALT was 289 ± 159 U/L. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients (11.8%), including 1 Clavien-Dindo grade I and 1 Clavien-Dindo grade II complication. No Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa or higher complications or deaths occurred in any patient. None of the patients developed portal vein thrombosis or hepatic artery aneurysm formation. The median postoperative hospital stay was 6 (4-14) days. CONCLUSION: The hooking method combines the advantages of both intracorporeal Pringle maneuver and extracorporeal Pringle maneuver. It is a simple, safe, and effective method for controlling hepatic inflow and represents a promising approach for performing totally intracorporeal laparoscopic Pringle maneuver.

How to perform laparoscopic right hepatic pedicle dissection: cystic plate approach based on the 'red/yellow demarcation line'.

How to perform laparoscopic right hepatic pedicle dissection: cystic plate approach based on the 'red/yellow demarcation line'.

Analysis of the safety and effectiveness of TACE combined with targeted immunotherapy in the treatment of intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with immune and targeted therapy in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Prospective analysis of 23 patients with intermediate or advanced primary HCC treated at the Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China from July 2019, including 11 cases treated with TACE alone and 12 cases treated with TACE combined with targeted therapy. The basal indexes of patients in the two groups were compared, and the response during treatment was observed; regular follow-up was performed to assess the efficacy of tumor treatment. Compared with TACE treatment alone, the objective response rate (ORR) was significantly higher in the TACE combined with targeted treatment group (50.0% vs 36.4%), with a higher success rate of surgical conversion (33.3% vs 18.2%) and a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) (20.5 ± 2.9 months vs 11.6 ± 2.9 months). Multifactorial regression analysis identified tumor vascular invasion as an independent prognostic factor affecting HCC. No patient experienced catheter retention-related complications during treatment, and there were no intolerable adverse effects. TACE combined with targeted treatment for intermediate to advanced unresectable HCC was effective, with good tumor responsiveness, high surgical conversion rate, and safe and controllable adverse reactions during treatment.

Identification of biomarkers associated with diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients based on bioinformatics and machine learning.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common chronic systemic metabolic bone disease, but its specific molecular pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to identify novel genetic diagnostic markers for PMOP. Methods: In this paper, we combined three GEO datasets to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and performed functional enrichment analysis of PMOP-related differential genes. Key genes were analyzed using two machine learning algorithms, namely, LASSO and the Gaussian mixture model, and candidate biomarkers were found after taking the intersection. After further ceRNA network construction, methylation analysis, and immune infiltration analysis, ACACB and WWP1 were finally selected as diagnostic markers. Twenty-four clinical samples were collected, and the expression levels of biomarkers in PMOP were detected by qPCR. Results: We identified 34 differential genes in PMOP. DEG enrichment was mainly related to amino acid synthesis, inflammatory response, and apoptosis. The ceRNA network construction found that XIST-hsa-miR-15a-5p/hsa-miR-15b-5p/hsa-miR-497-5p and hsa-miR-195-5p-WWP1/ACACB may be RNA regulatory pathways regulating PMOP disease progression. ACACB and WWP1 were identified as diagnostic genes for PMOP, and validated in datasets and clinical sample experiments. In addition, these two genes were also significantly associated with immune cells, such as T, B, and NK cells. Conclusion: Overall, we identified two vital diagnostic genes responsible for PMOP. The results may help provide potential immunotherapeutic targets for PMOP.

Study of the weak interaction mechanism of ovalbumin and caffeic acid using fluorescence spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation.

With the increasing demand for functional foods, the study on binding of active molecules and ovalbumin (OVA) via weak interaction has attracted widespread attention. In this work, the interaction mechanism of OVA and caffeic acid (CA) was revealed using fluorescence spectroscopy and dynamics simulation. The CA-induced fluorescence decrease of OVA was static quenching. Their binding complex had about 1 binding site and a 3.39 × 105 L·mol-1 affinity ability. Based on thermodynamic calculations and molecular dynamics simulation, the complex structure of OVA and CA were stable using hydrophobic interactions as the main force, where CA preferred to interact with a stable binding pocket consisting of E256, E25, and V200 with N24 amino acid residues. In the binding process of CA and OVA, the conformation of OVA was altered with a slight reduction of α-helix and ß-sheet. The reduced molecular volume and more compact structure of the protein indicated that CA is beneficial to the structural stability of OVA. The research provides some new insights into the interaction between dietary proteins and polyphenols, expanding the application prospects of OVA as a carrier.

The role of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy and lymph node dissection in bone-metastatic prostate cancer: A population-based study.

BACKGROUNDS: The role of cytoreductive radical prostatectomy (cRP) for bone-metastatic prostate cancer (bmPCa) remains controversial. We aimed to figure out whether cRP and lymph node dissection (LND) can benefit bmPCa. METHODS: 11,271 PCa patients with bone metastatic burden from 2010 to 2019 were identified using SEER-Medicare. Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were visualized using Kaplan-Meier plots. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were constructed to examine the effects of cRP and LND on survival, after stratifying to age, prostate specific antigen (PSA), clinical stages, Gleason score, metastatic burden, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy status. RESULTS: 317 PCa patients underwent cRP and cRP was increasingly performed for bmPCa from 2010 (2.2%) to 2019 (3.0%) (p < 0.05). In multi analyses, cRP was predisposed to a better OS or CSS in patients with age < 75, PSA < 98 ng/mL, bone-only metastatic sites or patients not receiving chemotherapy (all p < 0.05). For the patients undergoing cRP, LND especially extended LND was associated with a better OS or CSS (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: cRP might benefit OS or CSS in young patients with low PSA and bone-only metastatic sites not receiving chemotherapy. And a clear OS or CSS benefit of LND especially extended LND was observed in patients undergoing cRP.

Effect of cloprostenol on luteolysis and comparison of different estrus synchronization protocols in jennies.

Estrus synchronization is necessary for intensive donkey farming. Studies on estrus synchronization in jennies are, however, scarce. We aimed to investigate the susceptibility of the donkey corpus luteum to cloprostenol and design a successful estrus synchronization protocol. Firstly, the effects of different cloprostenol doses and the timing effect of cloprostenol treatment on estrous cycle was investigated. The time from treatment to luteolysis, the ovulation interval, pre-ovulatory diameter, and ovulation rates were compared between groups. Secondly, to identify the best protocol, eight estrus synchronization protocols from three categories were examined. In the first category, jennies in groups A (n = 55) and B (n = 30) received a progesterone releasing intra-vaginal device (JVID®) and cloprostenol treatment. In the second category (group C to F), jennies were pretreated with deslorelin, and then treated with JVID and cloprostenol, including groups C (n = 50), D (n = 50), E (n = 70), and F (n = 65). In the third category, jennies were treated with deslorelin and cloprostenol, including groups G (n = 40) and H (n = 40). Comparisons were made among groups regarding the degree of synchronization, ovulation, and pregnancy rates. Treatment with 0.4 mg cloprostenol on the third day following ovulation minimized the length of the luteal phase and estrous cycle. Synchronization rate varied from 60.0% to 88.6% among groups and was highest in group E. Pregnancy rates did not differ among the eight protocols. In conclusion, cloprostenol effectively induced luteolysis in jennies and a treatment protocol combining deslorelin, cloprostenol, and JVID is efficient for estrus synchronization in donkeys.

Interfacial Engineering of Leaf-like Bimetallic MOF-Based Co@NC Nanoarrays Coupled with Ultrathin CoFe-LDH Nanosheets for Rechargeable and Flexible Zn-Air Batteries.

Exploring high-efficiency, low-cost, and long-life bifunctional self-supporting electrocatalysts is of great significance for the practical application of advanced rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs), especially flexible solid-state ZABs. Herein, ultrathin CoFe-layered double hydroxide (CoFe-LDH) nanosheets are strongly coupled on the surface of leaf-like bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived hybrid carbon (Co@NC) nanoflake nanoarrays supported by carbon cloth (CC) via a facile and scalable method for rechargeable and flexible ZABs. This interfacial engineering for CoFe-LDHs on Co@NC improves the electronic conductivity of CoFe-LDH nanosheets as well as achieves the balance of oxygen evolution reduction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The unique three-dimensional (3D) open interconnected hierarchical structure facilitates the transport of substances during the electrochemical process while ensuring adequate exposure of OER/ORR active centers. When applied as an additive-free air cathode in rechargeable liquid ZABs, CC/Co@NC/CoFe-LDH-700 demonstrates high open-circuit potential of 1.47 V, maximum power density of 129.3 mW cm-2, and satisfactory specific capacity of 710.7 mAh g-1Zn. Further, the flexible all-solid-state ZAB assembled by CC/Co@NC/CoFe-LDH-700 displays gratifying mechanical flexibility and stable cycling performance over 40 h. More significantly, the series-connected flexible ZAB is further verified as a chain power supply for LED strips and performs well throughout the bending process, showing great application prospects in portable and wearable electronics. This work sheds new light on the design of high-performance self-supporting non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for OER/ORR and air cathodes for rechargeable ZABs.

Effects of indocyanine green fluorescence imaging of laparoscopic anatomic liver resection for HCC: a propensity score-matched study.

BACKGROUND: Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been increasingly used in laparoscopic anatomic liver resection. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of ICG-guided laparoscopic anatomic liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with traditional laparoscopic anatomic liver resection. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on patients with pathologically diagnosed HCC who successfully underwent laparoscopic anatomical liver resection from January 2019 to December 2021. The outcomes were compared between the two groups before and after the propensity score matching (PSM). RESULTS: A total of 110 patients were included in this study, including 50 patients in the ICG-guided group and 60 patients in the traditional group. Compared with the traditional group, the ICG-guided group had a shorter operative duration (P = 0.040), less intraoperative blood loss (P = 0.044), a lower incidence of postoperative complications (P = 0.023), and a shorter postoperative hospitalisation (P < 0.001). After PSM, significant differences remained between the two groups for the duration of postoperative hospitalisation (P = 0.018) and postoperative complications (P = 0.042). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups before and after PSM. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic anatomic liver resection guided by ICG fluorescence imaging can reduce the duration of postoperative hospitalisation for patients and the incidence of postoperative complications. However, it has no impact on the long-term outcome of patients.

Application of Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging Combined with Laparoscopic Ultrasound in Laparoscopic Microwave Ablation of Liver Cancer.

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effect of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging combined with laparoscopic ultrasound in laparoscopic microwave ablation of liver cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed 61 patients who underwent laparoscopic microwave ablation of liver cancer, including laparoscopic microwave ablation with and without ICG fluoroscopy. RESULTS The operative times, ablation times, postoperative hospital stay, postoperative complication rate, hospitalization cost, postoperative liver function changes, and postoperative overall survival were similar between the 2 groups, but there was a statistically significant difference in recurrence-free survival (P<0.05). A total of 5 lesions were found in the fluorescence laparoscopy group that were not found by preoperative imaging, while no new lesions were found in the ordinary laparoscopy group. Fluorescence laparoscopy has obvious advantages over ordinary laparoscopy in finding small lesions that were not found before surgery. In terms of complete ablation rate, 3 patients in the ordinary laparoscopy group and 1 patient in the fluorescence laparoscopy group were judged to be incompletely ablated and were ablated again at 1 month after the operation. CONCLUSIONS For small hepatocellular carcinoma with severe liver cirrhosis and located on the liver surface, fluorescence laparoscopy can better reveal the location and boundary of the tumor, and fluorescence laparoscopy can detect tiny lesions that cannot be detected by preoperative imaging. The combination of fluorescence laparoscopy and microwave ablation has a good effect on the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma located on the surface of the liver that is difficult to distinguish.

Analysis of Occurrence Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Out-of-Hospital Induced Stress Injury in Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Respiratory Intensive Care Unit.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the characteristics of a stress injury in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients in the respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) and analyze the risk factors, to provide evidence for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in RICU at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, China. We selected 85 patients with traumatic CAP who were brought in from January 2019 to December 2020 as the case group and 167 patients without traumatic CAP hospitalized in the same period as the control group. Multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors. Results: The incidence rate of a stress injury in 252 patients was 33.73%. The most affected region found in these patients was the sacrococcygeal region (24.26%). Most of the patients were presented in stage one (49.50%). Factors associated with a stress-induced injury in RICU, CAP patients were CURB-65 combined with cerebrovascular disease, fever combined with heart disease and albumin was found as an independent risk factor. Conclusion: Attempts to improve stress injury in CAP patients through setting measurable process of care standards are to be encouraged. An approach including the patient's clothes and bedding should be changed frequently, nutrition should be managed and the skin of the patient should be kept clean and dry. The occurrence of stress can further be reduced by the use of protective tools and the timely participation of the family members in patient management.

A bifunctional fluorescent probe based on PET & ICT for simultaneously recognizing Cys and H2S in living cells.

Most reported probes that respond to Cysteine (Cys) and Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can only identify one analyte, or they were interfered with homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH) when recognizing Cys and H2S. In addition, nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) ether, as one of thiols recognition sites, inevitably encounters the situation that Cys, GSH and H2S cannot be distinguished on the same channel at the cellular level. In this work, by introducing NBD ether and NBD amine, we constructed a bifunctional fluorescent probe NJB for dual-site response to Cys and H2S via PET & ICT processes. NJB has wonderful selectivity for identifying Cys and HS-, with limits of detection as low as 58.4 nM and 81.1 nM, respectively. Interestingly, NJB has been successfully applied to detect Cys and HS- in MCF-7 cells. Therefore, the probe that serves as a great tool for inquiring the physiological and pathological functions of Cys and H2S in living cells is promising.

Selective strategies for antibacterial regulation of nanomaterials.

Recalcitrant bacterial infection, as a worldwide challenge, causes large problems for human health and is attracting great attention. The excessive antibiotic-dependent treatment of infections is prone to induce antibiotic resistance. A variety of unique nanomaterials provide an excellent toolkit for killing bacteria and preventing drug resistance. It is of great importance to summarize the design rules of nanomaterials for inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria. We completed a review involving the strategies for regulating antibacterial nanomaterials. First, we discuss the antibacterial manipulation of nanomaterials, including the interaction between the nanomaterial and the bacteria, the damage of the bacterial structure, and the inactivation of biomolecules. Next, we identify six main factors for controlling the antibacterial activity of nanomaterials, including their element composition, size dimensions, surface charge, surface topography, shape selection and modification density. Every factor possesses a preferable standard for maximizing antibacterial activity, providing universal rules for antibacterial regulation of nanomaterials. We hope this comprehensive review will help researchers to precisely design and synthesize nanomaterials, developing intelligent antibacterial agents to address bacterial infections.

Application Effect of ICG Fluorescence Real-Time Imaging Technology in Laparoscopic Hepatectomy.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence real-time imaging-guided technology in laparoscopic hepatectomy. A retrospective analysis of patients with primary liver cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC from January 2018 to October 2021, including 48 cases of fluorescence-guided laparoscopic hepatectomy (FGLH) and 60 cases of traditional laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH), was conducted. R0 resection rate, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, complications, hospital stay, and other intraoperative and postoperative indicators of the two groups were analyzed to determine the clinical feasibility and safety of ICG fluorescence real-time imaging-guided technology in laparoscopic hepatectomy. Related databases were searched for retrospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials comparing FGLH with LH, studies were screened according to preset inclusion and exclusion criteria, literature quality was evaluated, and data were extracted. RevMan 5.3 software was used to conduct a meta-analysis on the extracted data. The results of our clinical data and meta-analysis showed that compared with LH, FGLH increased the R0 resection rate, shortened the operation time and postoperative hospital stay, and reduced blood loss and the occurrence of postoperative complications. Compared with LH, FGLH has a better application effect in laparoscopic hepatectomy, and it is worthy of promotion as it is safe and feasible.