Study on Process Parameters of Magnetron Sputtering Titanium Coating in Deep Porous Structures.

In order to improve the energy conversion efficiency and power density of the tritium-powered betavoltaic battery, titanium was deposited on the inner surface of the deep porous three-dimensional structure semiconductor as a tritium absorption material. Therefore, magnetron sputtering technology was used to explore the parameters of titanium coating on the inner surface of a deep porous semiconductor. First, the effects of argon pressure and sputtering power on the properties of titanium films were studied. The properties of the titanium films were characterized by a scanning electron microscope and an atomic force microscope. The optimized sputtering parameters were obtained as follows: argon pressure of 0.5 Pa and sputtering power of 80 W. Based on this parameter, the background vacuum and coating angle were changed, and the titanium film was coated in the deep porous structure. Energy dispersive spectrometry line scan and surface scan were used to analyze the coating results, which showed that these two parameters directly affected the content of titanium in the channel, and the area of titanium in the channel structure accounted for more than 50% under each test condition.

Bioactive poly(salicylic acid)-poly(citric acid) scaffolds improve diabetic wound repair via regulating HIF-1α, Nrf2 and macrophage.

Diabetic wounds environment is over-oxidized, over-inflammatory, leading to difficulties in regenerating blood vessels, and retardation of healing in diabetic wounds. Therefore, diabetic wounds can be treated from the perspective of scavenging oxidative free radicals and reducing the level of inflammation. Herein, we report a bioactive poly(salicylic acid)-poly(citric acid) (FPSa-PCG) hydrogel for diabetic wound repair. The FPSa-PCG hydrogel shows abilities of antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and regulation of macrophage phenotype. The FPSa-PCG hydrogel showed good biocompatibility, and obtain the abilities of promotion of macrophages migration, reduction of ROS generation, suppression of the M1-type macrophage polarization. FPSa and PCG could synergistically enhance the angiogenesis through upregulating the mRNA expression of HIF1Α, VEGF, and CD31 in endothelial cells and reduce the ROS level of macrophages through upregulating the mRNA expression of Nrf2. The in vivo diabetic wound model confirmed the promoting effect of FPSa-PCG hydrogel on wound closure in diabetes. The further studies found that FPSa-PCG hydrogel could induce the CD31 protein expression in the subcutaneous tissue and inhibit the TNF-a protein expression. This work shows that the simple composition FPSa-PCG hydrogel has a promising therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetic wounds.

Highly Bioactive MXene-M2-Exosome Nanocomposites Promote Angiogenic Diabetic Wound Repair through Reconstructing High Glucose-Derived Immune Inhibition.

The repair of diabetic wounds remains challenging, primarily due to the high-glucose-derived immune inhibition which often leads to the excessive inflammatory response, impaired angiogenesis, and heightened susceptibility to infection. However, the means to reduce the immunosuppression and regulate the conversion of M2 phenotype macrophages under a high-glucose microenvironment using advanced biomaterials for diabetic wounds are not yet fully understood. Herein, we report two-dimensional carbide (MXene)-M2 macrophage exosome (Exo) nanohybrids (FM-Exo) for promoting diabetic wound repair by overcoming the high-glucose-derived immune inhibition. FM-Exo showed the sustained release of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2-Exo) up to 7 days and exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. In the high-glucose microenvironment, relative to the single Exo, FM-Exo could significantly induce the optimized M2a/M2c polarization ratio of macrophages by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation, migration of fibroblasts, and angiogenic ability of endothelial cells. In the diabetic full-thickness wound model, FM-Exo effectively regulated the polarization status of macrophages and promoted their transition to the M2 phenotype, thereby inhibiting inflammation, promoting angiogenesis through VEGF secretion, and improving proper collagen deposition. As a result, the healing process was accelerated, leading to a better healing outcome with reduced scarring. Therefore, this study introduced a promising approach to address diabetic wounds by developing bioactive nanomaterials to regulate immune inhibition in a high-glucose environment.

Injectable Bioactive Antioxidative One-Component Polycitrate Hydrogel with Anti-Inflammatory Effects for Osteoarthritis Alleviation and Cartilage Protection.

Chronic inflammation in osteoarthritis (OA) can destroy the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM), causing cartilage damage and further exacerbating the inflammation. Effective regulation of the inflammatory microenvironment has important clinical significance for OA alleviation and cartilage protection. Polycitrate-based polymers have good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities but cannot self-polymerize to form hydrogels. Herein, a one-component multifunctional polycitrate-based (PCCGA) hydrogel for OA alleviation and cartilage protection is reported. The PCCGA hydrogel is prepared using only the PCCGA polymer by self-polymerization and exhibits multifunctional properties such as injectability, adhesion, controllable pore size and elasticity, self-healing ability, and photoluminescence. Moreover, the PCCGA hydrogel exhibits good biocompatibility, biodegradability, antioxidation by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species, and anti-inflammatory ability by downregulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and promoting the proliferation and migration of stem cells. In vivo results from an OA rat model show that the PCCGA hydrogel can effectively alleviate OA and protect the cartilage by restoring uniform articular surface and cartilage ECM levels, as well as inhibiting cartilage resorption and matrix metalloproteinase-13 levels. These results indicate that the PCCGA hydrogel, as a novel bioactive material, is an effective strategy for OA treatment and has broad application prospects in inflammation-related biomedicine.

Sprayable self-assembly multifunctional bioactive poly(ferulic acid) hydrogel for rapid MRSA infected wound repair.

The repair of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infected wounds remains a serious challenge. Development of multifunctional bioactive hydrogels has shown promising potential in treating MRSA wound. Ferulic acid has special bioactivities including antioxidant antiinflammation antibacterial capacities but limited in lack of engineering strategy for efficient treatment of MRSA infected wound. Herein, we developed a multifunctional bioactive poly(ferulic acid) copolymer (FPFA) for treating MRSA infected wound. FPFA could be self-assembled into hydrogel under body temperature and demonstrated the injectable, sprayable, self-healing, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and angiogenic activity. FPFA hydrogel also showed the good cytocompatibility, efficiently enhanced the endothelial cell migration, scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors and enhanced the in vitro angiogenesis. The MRSA-infected wound model showed that FPFA could significantly inhibit the MRSA infection and excess inflammation, reinforce the angiogenesis, accelerate wound healing and skin tissue regeneration.

Multifunctional MXene-Based Bioactive Materials for Integrated Regeneration Therapy.

The reconstruction engineering of tissue defects accompanied by major diseases including cancer, infection, and inflammation is one of the important challenges in clinical medicine. The development of innovative tissue engineering strategies such as multifunctional bioactive materials presents a great potential to overcome the challenge of disease-impaired tissue regeneration. As the major representative of two-dimensional nanomaterials, MXenes have shown multifunctional physicochemical properties and have been diffusely studied as multimodal nanoplatforms in the field of biomedicine. This review summarized the recent advances in the multifunctional properties of MXenes and integrated regeneration-therapy applications of MXene-based biomaterials, including tissue regeneration-tumor therapy, tissue regeneration-infection therapy, and tissue regeneration-inflammation therapy. MXenes have been recognized as good candidates for promoting tissue regeneration and treating diseases through photothermal therapy, regulating cell behavior, and drug and gene delivery. The current challenges and future perspectives of MXene-based biomaterials in integrated regeneration-therapy are also discussed well in this review. In summary, MXene-based biomaterials have shown promising potential for integrated tissue regeneration and disease treatment due to their favorable physicochemical properties and bioactive functions. However, there are still many obstacles and challenges that must be addressed for the regeneration-therapy applications of MXene-based biomaterials, including understanding the bioactive mechanism, ensuring long-term biosafety, and improving their targeting therapy capacity.

Complementary Homogeneous Electrochemical and Photothermal Dual-Modal Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides via Stimuli-Responsive COF/Methylene Blue@MnO2 Composite.

Credible and on-site detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) in complex matrixes is significant for food security and environmental monitoring. Herein, a novel COF/methylene blue@MnO2 (COF/MB@MnO2) composite featured abundant signal loading, a specific recognition unit, and robust oxidase-like activity was successfully prepared through facile assembly processes. The multifunctional composite acted as a homogeneous electrochemical and photothermal dual-mode sensing platform for OPs detection through stimuli-responsive regulation. Without the presence of OPs, the surface MnO2 coating could recognize thiocholine (TCh), originating from acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-catalyzed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh), and exhibited a distinctly amplified diffusion current due to the release of plentiful MB; while the residual MnO2 nanosheets could only catalyze less TMB into oxidized TMB (oxTMB) with a typical near-infrared (NIR) absorption, enabling NIR-driven photothermal assay with a low temperature using a portable thermometer. Based on the inhibitory effect of OPs on AChE activity and OP-regulated generation of TCh, chlorpyrifos as a model target can be accurately detected with a low limit of detection of 0.0632 and 0.108 ng/mL by complementary electrochemical and photothermal measurements, respectively. The present dual-mode sensor was demonstrated to be excellent for application to the reliable detection of OPs in complex environmental and food samples. This work can not only provide a complementary dual-mode method for convenient and on-site detection of OPs in different scenarios but also expand the application scope of the COF-based multifunctional composite in multimodal sensors.

An MMP-2 Responsive Nanotheranostic Probe Enabled Synergistic Therapy of Rheumatoid Arthritis and MR/CT Assessment of Therapeutic Response In Situ.

This study reports a facile and green synthesis of a new multifunctional nanotheranostic probe for the synergistic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in situ assessment of therapeutic response. The probe is synthesized through a one-step self-assembly of two exquisitely designed peptide-amphiphilic block copolymers (PEG-DTIPA-KGPLGVRK-MTX and Pal-GGGGHHHHD-TCZ) under mild conditions, requiring minimal energy input. The resultant probe demonstrates excellent biocompatibility, water solubility, and colloidal stability. It exhibits a strong IL-6R targeting ability toward inflamed joints, and releases drugs in an MMP-2-responsive manner. The co-loading of methotrexate(MTX) and tocilizumab (TCZ) into the probe enables synergistic RA therapy with improved efficacy by simultaneously decreasing the activity of adenosine synthetase and interfering with the binding of IL-6 to its receptor. In addition, the resultant probe exhibits a high r1 relaxation rate (7.00 mm-1  s-1 ) and X-ray absorption capability (69.04 Hu mm-1 ), enabling sensitive MR and CT dual-modal imaging for simultaneous evaluation of synovial thickness and bone erosion. Both in vitro experiments using lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW264.7 cells and in vivo experiments using collagen-induced arthritis mice demonstrate the probe's high effectiveness in synergistically inhibiting inflammation. This study provides new insights into RA theranostics, therapeutic monitoring, the design of multifunctional theranostic probes, and beyond.

Single-Component Self-Healing Antibacterial Anti-Inflammatory Intracellular-Antioxidative Poly(itaconic acid-pluronic) Hydrogel for Rapid Repair of MRSA-Impaired Wound.

The rapid healing and repair of multidrug-resistant bacteria infected wound is still a challenge in the field of wound surgery. It is an effective strategy to develop multifunctional bioactive biomaterials with anti-infection therapy and promoting tissue regeneration. However, most of conventional multifunctional wound healing biomaterials possess the complicated composition and fabrication procedure, which may limit their clinical transformation. Herein, we report a single-component multifunctional bioactive self-healing scaffold (itaconic acid-pluronic-itaconic acid) (FIA) with robust antibacterial antioxidant anti-inflammatory bioactivity for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) impaired wound. FIA scaffolds exhibited the temperature-responsive sol-gel behavior, good injectability, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity (100% inhibition rate against S. aureus, E. coli, and MRSA). FIA possessed favorable hemocompatibility and cell compatibility and even stimulated the cellular proliferation. FIA could efficiently scavenge the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), decrease the inflammation factors expression, promote endotheliocyte migration and blood tube formation, and reduce the M1 phenotype of macrophages in vitro. FIA could significantly clear the MRSA infection, speed up the MRSA-infected wound healing and rapid formation of the normal epithelial layer and skin appendages. This work may provide a simple and efficient multifunctional bioactive biomaterial strategy for overcoming the challenge of the MRSA-impaired wound.

Multifunctional antibacterial bioactive nanoglass hydrogel for normal and MRSA infected wound repair.

Large-scale skin damage brings potential risk to patients, such as imbalance of skin homeostasis, inflammation, fluid loss and bacterial infection. Moreover, multidrug resistant bacteria (MDRB) infection is still a great challenge for skin damage repair. Herein, we developed an injectable self-healing bioactive nanoglass hydrogel (FABA) with robust antibacterial and anti-inflammatory ability for normal and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infected skin wound repair. FABA hydrogel was fabricated facilely by the self-crosslinking of F127-CHO (FA) and alendronate sodium (AL)-decorated Si-Ca-Cu nanoglass (BA). FABA hydrogel could significantly inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and MRSA in vitro, while showing good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. In addition, FABA hydrogel could inhibit the expression of proinflammatory factor TNF-α and enhance the expression of anti-inflammatory factor IL-4/ IL-10. Based on its versatility, FABA hydrogel could complete wound closure efficiently (75% at day 3 for normal wound, 70% at day 3 for MRSA wound), which was almost 3 times higher than control wound, which was related with the decrease of inflammatory factor in early wound. This work suggested that FABA hydrogel could be a promising dressing for acute and MRSA-infected wound repair.

Engineering Multifunctional Polyether Ether Ketone Implant: Mechanics-Adaptability, Biominerialization, Immunoregulation, Anti-Infection, Osteointegration, and Osteogenesis.

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has become one of the most promising polymer implants in bone orthopedics, due to the biocompatibility, good processability, and radiation resistance. However, the poor mechanics-adaptability/osteointegration/osteogenesis/antiinfection limits the long-term in vivo applications of PEEK implants. Herein, a multifunctional PEEK implant (PEEK-PDA-BGNs) is constructed through in situ surface deposition of polydopamine-bioactive glass nanoparticles (PDA-BGNs). PEEK-PDA-BGNs exhibit good performance on osteointegration and osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo, due to their multifunctional properties including mechanics-adaptability, biominerialization, immunoregulation, anti-infection, and osteoinductive activity. PEEK-PDA-BGNs can show the bone tissue-adaptable mechanic surface and induce the rapid biomineralization (apatite formation) under a simulated body solution. Additionally, PEEK-PDA-BGNs can induce the M2 phenotype polarization of macrophages, reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and improve the osseointegration and osteogenesis ability of the PEEK implant. PEEK-PDA-BGNs also show good photothermal antibacterial activity and can kill 99% of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), suggesting their potential antiinfection ability. This work suggests that PDA-BGNs coating is probably a facile strategy to construct multifunctional (biomineralization, antibacterial, immunoregulation) implants for bone tissue replacement.

BSA-templated synthesis of Ir/Gd bimetallic oxide nanotheranostics for MR/CT imaging-guided photothermal and photodynamic synergistic therapy.

Precision medicine urges the development of theranostics which can efficiently integrate precise diagnosis and effective therapy. In this study, a facile synthesis of Ir/Gd bimetallic oxide nanotheranostics (termed BSA@Gd2O3/IrO2 NPs) with good biocompatibility was demonstrated using a biomineralization method where bovine serum albumin (BSA) served as a versatile template. BSA@Gd2O3/IrO2 NPs exhibited high longitudinal relaxivity (5.2 mM-1 s-1) and X-ray absorption capability (14.5 Hu mM-1), illustrating them to be a good contrast agent for magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) dual-modal imaging. Moreover, BSA@Gd2O3/IrO2 NPs can act as not only a photothermal conversion agent with ultrahigh efficiency (66.7%) as well as a good photosensitizer, but also an effective catalase to decompose endogenous H2O2 to produce O2, thus relieving hypoxia and enhancing the phototherapeutic effect. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the high effectiveness of BSA@Gd2O3/IrO2 NPs in MR/CT dual-modal imaging and photothermal and photodynamic synergistic tumor treatments. This work sheds new light on the development of versatile nanotheranostic systems using mild and robust biomineralization methods.

Mechanisms of sex differentiation and sex reversal in hermaphrodite fish as revealed by the Epinephelus coioides genome.

Most grouper species are functional protogynous hermaphrodites, but the genetic basis and the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of this unique reproductive strategy remain enigmatic. In this study, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of the representative orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). No duplication or deletion of sex differentiation-related genes was found in the genome, suggesting that sex development in this grouper may be related to changes in regulatory sequences or environmental factors. Transcriptomic analyses showed that aromatase and retinoic acid are probably critical to promoting ovarian fate determination, and follicle-stimulating hormone triggers the female-to-male sex change. Socially controlled sex-change studies revealed that, in sex-changing fish, the brain's response to the social environment may be mediated by activation of the phototransduction cascade and the melatonin synthesis pathway. In summary, our genomic and experimental results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of sex differentiation and sex change in the protogynous groupers.

Bioactive MXene Promoting Angiogenesis and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration through Regulating M2 Polarization and Oxidation Stress.

Complete repair of skeletal muscles caused by severe mechanical damage and muscle-related diseases remains a challenge. 2D Ti3 C2 Tx (MXene) possesses special photoelectromagnetic properties and has attracted considerable attention in materials science and engineering. However, the bioactive properties and potential mechanism of MXene in tissue engineering, especially in skeletal muscle regeneration, are unclear. Herein, the antioxidation and anti-inflammation activities of MXene and its effects on myogenic differentiation and regeneration of skeletal muscle in vivo are investigated. In vitro studies have shown that MXene has excellent antioxidation and anti-inflammatory properties, and promotes myogenic differentiation and angiogenesis. MXene can remove excess reactive oxygen species in macrophage cells to alleviate oxidative stress and induce the transformation of M1 macrophages into M2 macrophages to reduce excessive inflammation, which can significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts, as well as the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. Animal experiments with rat tibial anterior muscle defects show that MXene can promote angiogenesis, muscle fiber formation, and skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating the cell microenvironment through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways. The findings suggest that MXene can be used as a multifunctional bioactive material to enhance tissue regeneration through robust antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and angiogenesis activities.

Immunoregulation and anti-metalloproteinase bioactive injectable polysalicylate matrixgel for efficiently treating osteoarthritis.

Current treatments of osteoarthritis, such as oral medication and intra-articular injections, only provided temporary relief from pain and achieved limited advance in inhibiting progression. The development of new treatments is hindered by the complicated and unclear pathological mechanisms. Oxidative stress and immune inflammation are believed to be the important factors in the induction and progression of osteoarthritis. Herein, this work presents a bioactive material strategy to treat osteoarthritis, based on the FPSOH matrixgel with robust anti-inflammatory activity through inhibiting the oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B signaling, preventing the metalloproteinase, as well as inducing M2 polarization of macrophage, thereby providing immune regulation of synovial macrophages and suppressing the progression of synovitis and osteoarthritis. In vivo experiments demonstrated that FPSOH hydrogel can prevent papain-induced osteoarthritis and its progression, and provide dual protection for cartilage and synovium, as compared with commercial sodium hyaluronate.

A novel self-cleaning electrochemical biosensor integrating copper porphyrin-derived metal-organic framework nanofilms, G-quadruplex, and DNA nanomotors for achieving cyclic detection of lead ions.

A self-cleaning electrochemical biosensor based on two-dimensional Cu-porphyrin (Cu-TCPP) metal-organic framework nanofilms, novel super G-quadruplex (G4), and DNA nanomotors was developed for the cyclic detection of Pb2+ ions. The Cu-TCPP framework with inherent peroxidase activity can create an ultra-thin nanofilm that functioned as a carrier to support the metastable G4 comprising four individual DNA strands. The introduction of Pb2+ and the intercalation of hemin can help it to form stable G4-hemin DNAzymes, which exhibits strong catalytic H2O2 reduction activity, and its number will be directly related to the amount of the introduced Pb2+. Moreover, a DNA nanomotor system is introduced to achieve cyclic detection, and the addition of the fuel DNA strands enables G4 to perform a "complete-dissociation-complete" process for achieving self-cleaning of the electrode interface and the cycle detection of Pb2+. The synergistic effects of Cu-TCPP and G4-hemin DNAzymes, which exhibits efficient and catalytic H2O2 reduction, enhance the performance of the electrochemical sensing system. The linear range of this sensor to Pb2+ is 5 nM-5 µM, and the detection limit is 1.7 nM. Compared with the best system in reported studies, its linear range is five times wider and its detection limit is lower than the previously lowest one. Taking advantage of the Pb2+ stabilized G4, the proposed sensor can selectively detect Pb2+ in the presence of other metal ions. The results presented herein comprise a valuable reference for constructing DNA nanoelectronic devices and establish sensitive and cyclic detection of the target and preparing of self-cleaning electrode interfaces.

Electrochemical dopamine sensor based on bi-metallic Co/Zn porphyrin metal-organic framework.

Integrating other metal ions into mono-metallic metal-organic framework (MOF) to form bi-metallic MOF is an effective strategy to enhance the performance of MOFs from the internal structure. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) cobalt/zinc-porphyrin (Co/Zn-TCPP) MOF nanomaterials with different Co/Zn molar ratios were synthesised using a simple surfactant-assisted method, and novel dopamine (DA) sensing methods were constructed based on these materials. The characterisation results showed that all MOF with different Co/Zn molar ratios presented a nanofilm, and the Co and Zn elements were uniformly distributed. All sensors based on CoxZn100-x-TCPP had a certain catalytic performance to DA. Among them, the sensor based on CO25Zn75-TCPP showed the strongest signal response, indicating that the catalytic performance of MOF on DA can be adjusted by changing the Co/Zn molar ratio. The doping of metal ions improves the chemical environment of the pores, and increases the types and spatial arrangement of the active sites of the MOF, which is beneficial to the electron transfer and exchange with DA; Co2+ and Zn2+ active centres have a synergistic promotion effect, so the catalytic activity of MOF is significantly improved. The linear range at the potential of 0.1 V based on Co25Zn75-TCPP for DA was 5 nM-177.8 µM, with a detection limit of 1.67 nM (S/N = 3). The sensor exhibited a good selectivity for detecting DA. This research is expected to provide new ideas and references for constructing high-performance sensing interfaces and platforms.

Development of gold nanoparticles-aptamer nanocomposite for multiplexed analysis of antibiotics and design of molecular logic gates.

The widespread use of antibiotics caused severe problems of antibiotic residues in foodstuffs and water, posing a serious threat to public health and thus urging the development of sensitive, selective, and rapid detection methods for antibiotics. In this study, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based system is developed for the multiplexed analysis of chloramphenicol (CAP) and streptomycin (Strep) with detection limits of 2.51 and 8.69µg l-1, respectively. The FRET-based system consists of Cy3-tagged anti-CAP aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) (referred to as AuNPs-AptCAP) and Cy5-tagged anti-Strep aptamer-conjugated AuNPs (referred to as AuNPs-AptStrep). In addition, AuNPs-AptCAP and AuNPs-AptStrep have been demonstrated to serve as signal transducers for implementing a series of logic operations such as YES, NOT, INH, OR, (2-4)-Decoder and even more complicated multi-level logic gates (OR-INH). Based on the outputs of logic operations, it could be figured out whether targeted analytes were present or not, thus enabling multiplex sensing and evaluation of pollution status. This proof of concept study might provide a new route for the enhanced sensing performance to distinguish different pollution status as well as the design of molecular mimics of logic elements to demonstrate better applicability.

Amplified Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing Based on Cu-Porphyrin Metal-Organic Framework Nanofilm and G-Quadruplex-Hemin DNAzyme.

A novel electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor based on Cu-porphyrin(Cu-TCPP)/G-quadruplex-hemin nanocomposite was constructed by assembling two-dimensional Cu-TCPP metal-organic framework (MOF) nanofilm and G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme. The Cu-TCPP synthesized by the surfactant-assisted method has a wrinkled two-dimensional nanofilm morphology, which gives it a large surface area and accessible active sites. Cu-TCPP exhibits peroxidase activity and good stability and can catalyze the reduction of H2O2. In addition, Cu-TCPP can be used as a nanocarrier for G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme with strong peroxidase activity to achieve "biological barcode" amplification and improve stability. The cooperative interaction of Cu-TCPP and G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme effectively amplifies the electrochemical response signal. Electrochemical studies have shown that the constructed sensor exhibits good electrochemical sensing performance with three linear ranges: 0.08 µM to 0.11 mM, 0.11-0.91 mM, and 0.91-8.1 mM, with sensitivities of 2315.86, 301.00, and 65.71 µA/(mM cm2), respectively, and the detection limit was 0.03 µM. In addition, the sensor shows good selectivity. In summary, this study provides a simple and effective new strategy for electrochemical sensing based on two-dimensional MOFs and artificial enzymes.