Wool keratin/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 composite shape memory sponge with synergistic hemostatic performance for rapid hemorrhage control.

Uncontrollable hemorrhage and subsequent wound infection pose severe threats to life, especially in the case of deep, non-compressible, massive bleeding. Here, a wool keratin/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (WK/ZIF-8) composite shape memory sponge is prepared by incorporating ZIF-8 nanoparticles into wool keratin. The combination of keratin and ZIF-8 particles not only reduces the effect of ZIF-8 particles on cell viability but also bolsters the mechanical properties of the keratin sponge and endows it with antibacterial efficacy. Due to the synergistic effect of the excellent hemostatic performance of keratin and Zn2+ release from ZIF-8 nanoparticles, the porous structure suitable for blood cell adhesion and the shape recovery ability of sponges, the WK/ZIF-8 composite sponge exhibits superior hemostatic performance to commercial medical sponges in SD rat and rabbit hemorrhage models. In addition, in vitro and in vivo antibacterial experiments demonstrate the anti-infection activity of the composite sponge. Overall, the WK/ZIF-8 composite sponge provides a promising approach to rapidly control bleeding and promote wound healing.

Polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate composite sponge with 3D ordered/disordered porous structure for rapidly controlling noncompressible hemorrhage.

It is still a challenge to develop a sponge that can efficiently control noncompressible bleeding to meet the emergency treatment and clinical demand. Herein, we combined the 3D printing sacrificial template method and freeze-drying technology to prepare polyvinyl alcohol/sodium alginate (PVA/SA) composite sponges with ordered microchannels and disordered porous structure. Compared with conventional sponges, the prepared sponge showed ultra-rapid water/blood absorption capacity and satisfactory mechanical properties. Furthermore, when the sponge was stuffed into a noncompressible wound and contacted with blood, it could accurately guide and quickly absorb a large amount of blood through the microchannels. Moreover, the platelets, red blood cells and coagulation factors would be enriched in the microchannels and microporous structure. In the SD rat liver noncompressible hemorrhage and femoral artery puncture injury model, PVA-SA composite sponge with 3D ordered/disordered porous structure showed enhanced hemostatic performance compared with commercial MPVA sponges. Depend on the special ordered/disordered porous structure, PVA-SA composite sponge could accelerate the blood convergence and promote coagulation. This design of special porous structure opened up a new avenue to develop hemostatic sponges for rapidly controlling noncompressible hemorrhage.

Thrombin Embedded in eMPs@Thr/Sponge with Enhanced Procoagulant Ability for Uncompressible and Massive Hemorrhage Control.

Uncontrollable hemorrhage, especially uncompressible and massive hemorrhage, is life threatening. To develop a kind of hemostatic material that is biocompatible and has effective hemostatic performance, a starch-polyethylene glycol sponge (St-PEG sponge) incorporated with electrospraying microspheres made from carboxymethyl chitosan and sodium alginate (CMC/SA eMPs) is employed to fabricate the topical hemostatic agent for application. To load thrombin safely and effectively, CMC/SA eMPs encapsulating thrombin compounds (eMPs@Thr) are further incorporated with St-PEG sponge to obtain eMPs@Thr/sponge. The results show that eMPs@Thr/sponge could obviously reduce blood loss and shorten the hemostatis time compared with commercial hemostatic products Kuai Kang. The construction of the eMPs@Thr/sponge could not only maintain the expandable properties of the St-PEG sponge but also strengthen the procoagulant activity. Therefore, this work provides a facile approach for loading thrombin given the fact that thrombin suffers from instability and risk of thrombus. It is predicted that eMPs@Thr/sponge might hold great potential in uncompressible and massive hemorrhage control.

Idarubicin-loaded methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles for enhancing cellular uptake and promoting antileukemia activity.

PURPOSE: Nanoparticle (NP)-based drug delivery approaches have tremendous potential for enhancing treatment efficacy and decreasing doses of chemotherapeutics. Idarubicin (IDA) is one of the most common chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, severe side effects and drug resistance markedly limit the application of IDA. METHODS: In this study, we encapsulated IDA in polymeric NPs and validated their antileukemia activity in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: NPs with an average diameter of 84 nm was assembled from a methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (mPEG-PLGA). After loading of IDA, IDA-loaded mPEG-PLGA NPs (IDA/mPEG-PLGA NPs) were formed. The in vitro release data showed that the IDA/mPEG-PLGA NPs have excellent sustained release property. IDA/mPEG-PLGA NPs had exhibited the lower IC50 than pure IDA. Moreover, IDA/mPEG-PLGA NPs in the same concentration substantially induced apoptosis than did pure IDA. Most importantly, IDA/MPEG-PLGA NPs significantly decreased the infiltration of leukemia blasts and improved the overall survival of MLL-AF9-induced murine leukemia compared with free IDA. However, the blank NPs were nontoxic to normal cultured cells in vitro, suggesting that NPs were the safe carrier. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that IDA/mPEG-PLGA NPs might be a suitable carrier to encapsulate IDA. Low dose of IDA/mPEG-PLGA NPs can be used as a conventional dosage for antileukemia therapy to reduce side effect and improve survival.

Tannic Acid Cross-linked Polysaccharide-Based Multifunctional Hemostatic Microparticles for the Regulation of Rapid Wound Healing.

Hemostatic microparticles (HMs) have been widely used in surgery. To improve the comprehensive performance of HMs, multifunctional HMs named HM15 and HM15 ' are prepared from starch, carboxymethyl chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and tannic acid. Herein, tannic acid is used as an effective cross-linker. A 3D network structure for cell growth and wound repair can be formed by secondary cross-linking. Through synergistic effect of these natural materials, the process of wound healing can be regulated controllably. HM15 and HM15 ' have the ability of rapid hemostasis. Moreover, HM15 ' shows excellent properties in antibacteria and wound healing acceleration. Blood clotting time treated with different HMs is shortened obviously from 436.8 s to 126 s. Compared with Celox, HM15 and HM15 ' exhibited better broad spectrum antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, the wound can be repaired rapidly by HM15 ' in 14 days. These multifunctional HMs might have an important prospect in clinical application.

Microwave-assisted synthesis of dinucleoside analogues containing a thiazolidin-4-one linkage via one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/cyclization.

Dinucleosides containing a thiazolidin-4-one linkage were prepared by one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/intermolecular cyclization under microwave irradiation and their structures were confirmed. Preliminary examination of HIV-RT inhibition showed that the dinucleosides containing (R)-thiazolidin-4-one linkage are significantly more active than those containing (S)-thiazolidin-4-one linkage.

The quantitative research of composite immune indicator for crustacean.

Through analyzing the immunity indicators in recent crustacean research, two defects are pointed in comprehensive immunity evaluation, 1) the integrant indicators cannot comprehensively reflect the change of immunity, and 2) the conclusions that obtained from different indicators of immunity level cannot be compared objectively and scientifically. Basing on that, the paper firstly indicated that the immunity system could be regarded as a composite indicator. Secondly, the paper gave the specific definition of the composite immunity indicator (CII), and discussed the methods of calculation, especially provided two calculation methods of the weights, that is, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, examples were given to clarify the specific steps to compute the composite immunity indicator. The computing results gave the quantitative evaluation, which were in concordance with the existing conclusions.