Assessment of the Sensitivity of the Vocal Tract in Parkinson Disease by Nasal Video Endoscopy.

Introduction Sensory deficits of the upper airways are common in people with Parkinson disease. Compounded by considerable deterioration of the swallowing function, these deficits may contribute to the elevated rates of morbidity and mortality among this population. Objective To examine the sensitivity of the vocal tracts of people with Parkinson disease using nasal videoendoscopy and to compare the results with paired controls. Methods The present was a prospective, observational, case-control study. Sensitivity assessments were conducted in a sample of 24 people divided into 2 groups: one group of 12 patients with Parkinson's disease, and a control group with 12 healthy subjects. The study group also underwent a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and answered the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SQD) to detect dysphagia. Results There was a significant difference ( p < 0.05) in the region of the arytenoid cartilages, showing that sensitivity was better preserved among the control group, and that sensitivity deficits were present in the study group. The qualitative results showed sensorial impairment in the study group than in the control group regarding the base of the tongue, the vestibular folds, and the vocal folds. The study group showed self-awareness regarding the deficits in the swallowing function, but there was no statistically significant association between swallowing function deficits and deterioration of sensorial function among them. Conclusions Sensorial deficits were present in the study group when compared to the healthy subjects, mainly in the qualitative evaluation.

Impact of photobiomodulation in a patient-derived xenograft model of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is an effective method for the prevention of oral mucositis. However, the effects of PBMT on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not yet been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of PBMT in an OSCC-patient-derived xenograft (OSCC-PDX) model. METHODS: BALB/c nude mice with OSCC-PDX models were divided into Control, without PBMT (n = 8); Immediate irradiation, PBMT since one week after tumor implantation (n = 6); and Late irradiation, PBMT after tumors reached 200 mm3 (n = 6). OSCC-PDX were daily irradiated (660 nm; 100 mW; 6 J/cm2 ; 0,2 J/point) for 12 weeks. The tumors were collected and submitted to volumetric, histological, immunohistochemistry, and cell cycle analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences in the volumetric measurements (p = 0.89) and in the histopathological grade (p > 0.05) were detected between the groups. The immunohistochemical analysis of Ki-67 (p = 0.9661); H3K9ac (p = 0.3794); and BMI1 (p = 0.5182), and the evaluation of the cell cycle phases (p > 0.05) by flow cytometry also did not demonstrate significant differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated groups. CONCLUSION: In this study, PBMT did not impact the behavior of OSCC-PDX models. This is an important preclinical outcome regarding safety concerns of the use of PBMT in cancer patients.

Assessment of the Sensitivity of the Vocal Tract in Parkinson Disease by Nasal Video Endoscopy

Abstract Introduction Sensory deficits of the upper airways are common in people with Parkinson disease. Compounded by considerable deterioration of the swallowing function, these deficits may contribute to the elevated rates of morbidity and mortality among this population. Objective To examine the sensitivity of the vocal tracts of people with Parkinson disease using nasal videoendoscopy and to compare the results with paired controls. Methods The present was a prospective, observational, case-control study. Sensitivity assessments were conducted in a sample of 24 people divided into 2 groups: one group of 12 patients with Parkinson's disease, and a control group with 12 healthy subjects. The study group also underwent a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and answered the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire (SQD) to detect dysphagia. Results There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the region of the arytenoid cartilages, showing that sensitivity was better preserved among the control group, and that sensitivity deficits were present in the study group. The qualitative results showed sensorial impairment in the study group than in the control group regarding the base of the tongue, the vestibular folds, and the vocal folds. The study group showed self-awareness regarding the deficits in the swallowing function, but there was no statistically significant association between swallowing function deficits and deterioration of sensorial function among them. Conclusions Sensorial deficits were present in the study group when compared to the healthy subjects, mainly in the qualitative evaluation.

COVID-19 in otolaryngologists: a cross-sectional multicenter study

Abstract Introduction: The nose and throat are areas of high viral load, which could place otolaryngologists at an even higher risk for COVID-19 than other health-care workers. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in otorhinolaryngologists in southern Brazil, its relationship to demographic data, professional practice and reported symptoms of COVID-19, and compare it with official data on other health-care workers of the state and the general population in the same period. Methods: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, otolaryngologists actively practicing officially registered in Rio Grande do Sul were screened for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from August 1 to September 15, 2020. A questionnaire was also applied. Results: We screened 358 (80.1%) of 447 actively practicing otolaryngologists (195 [54.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 47.77 [13.57] years; range, 26-84 years). Twenty-three were positive for IgM and/or IgG (6.4%). This result was significantly associated with reports of infected household contacts (19/315 negatives and 8/23 positives; p<0.001). From 23 seropositive participants, 14 were asymptomatic (60.9%; p< 0.001). There were no significant associations between seroconversion and age, sex, number of patient appointments and surgical procedures, workplace (hospital or private practice), patients with or without respiratory symptoms, or level of personal protective equipment used. The rate of COVID-19 in all health-care workers in the state was 7.69% at the end of the same period. Data from state government seroprevalence was 5.26 (risk ratio [RR]; 95% CI 3.27-8.45) and 4.66 (RR; 95% CI 2.93-7.43) times higher in otolaryngologists than in the general population in August and September, respectively. Conclusion: Otolaryngologists had a higher seroconversion rate than the general population. Using personal protective equipment, the level of occupational exposure did not result in higher rates of infection than other health-care workers, but the presence of infected household contacts was associated with higher rates of seroconversion.

COVID-19 in otolaryngologists: a cross-sectional multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: The nose and throat are areas of high viral load, which could place otolaryngologists at an even higher risk for COVID-19 than other health-care workers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in otorhinolaryngologists in southern Brazil, its relationship to demographic data, professional practice and reported symptoms of COVID-19, and compare it with official data on other health-care workers of the state and the general population in the same period. METHODS: In this cross-sectional multicenter study, otolaryngologists actively practicing officially registered in Rio Grande do Sul were screened for IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from August 1 to September 15, 2020. A questionnaire was also applied. RESULTS: We screened 358 (80.1%) of 447 actively practicing otolaryngologists (195 [54.5%] male; mean [SD] age, 47.77 [13.57] years; range, 26-84 years). Twenty-three were positive for IgM and/or IgG (6.4%). This result was significantly associated with reports of infected household contacts (19/315 negatives and 8/23 positives; p < 0.001). From 23 seropositive participants, 14 were asymptomatic (60.9%; p < 0.001). There were no significant associations between seroconversion and age, sex, number of patient appointments and surgical procedures, workplace (hospital or private practice), patients with or without respiratory symptoms, or level of personal protective equipment used. The rate of COVID-19 in all health-care workers in the state was 7.69% at the end of the same period. Data from state government seroprevalence was 5.26 (risk ratio [RR]; 95% CI 3.27-8.45) and 4.66 (RR; 95% CI 2.93-7.43) times higher in otolaryngologists than in the general population in August and September, respectively. CONCLUSION: Otolaryngologists had a higher seroconversion rate than the general population. Using personal protective equipment, the level of occupational exposure did not result in higher rates of infection than other health-care workers, but the presence of infected household contacts was associated with higher rates of seroconversion.

Deglutition Impairment during Dual Task in Parkinson Disease Is Associated with Cognitive Status.

Introduction Dysphagia is a relevant symptom in Parkinson disease (PD), and its pathophysiology is poorly understood. To date, researchers have not investigated the effects of combined motor tasks on swallowing. Such an assessment is of particular interest in PD, in which patients have specific difficulties while performing two movements simultaneously. Objective The present study tested the hypothesis that performing concurrent tasks could decrease the safety of swallowing in PD patients as visualized using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Methods A total of 19 patients and 19 controls matched by age, gender, and level of schooling were compared by FEES under two conditions: isolated swallowing and dual task (swallowing during non-sequential opposition of the thumb against the other fingers). The two tasks involved volumes of food of 3 mL and 5 mL. The PD subjects were classified according to the Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) Scale, the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). The FEES assessment was performed according to the Boston Residue and Clearance Scale (BRACS). Results The data showed a significant worsening of swallowing in the dual task assessment for both volumes (3 mL: p ≤ 0.001; 5 mL: p ≤ 0.001) in the PD group. A correlation between the MoCA and dual-task swallowing of 3 mL was also found. Conclusion These findings suggest that additional tasks involving manual motor movements result in swallowing impairment in patients with PD. Moreover, these data highlight the need to further evaluate such conditions during treatment and assessment of PD patients.

Fatores de risco da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono no adulto / Risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in adults

Introdução: a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) caracteriza-se por episódios recorrentes de obstrução parcial ou total da via aérea superior, normalmente acompanhada por roncos. É de etiologia multifatorial, e o diagnóstico leva em consideração os fatores de risco e as comorbidades. Objetivo: estudar os fatores de risco da SAOS, devido às comorbidades e às consequências graves que podem estar relacionadas à patologia, visando a atuar em sua prevenção e tratamento. Revisão de literatura: os principais fatores de risco encontrados foram: obesidade, circunferência cervical maior que 40 cm, IMC aumentado, histórico familiar, sexo masculino, meia-idade, Classe III e IV de Mallampati modificada e alterações nas vias aéreas superiores como desvio de septo nasal, palato mole rebaixado e posteriorizado e alterações craniofaciais. Metodologia: realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre os fatores de risco da SAOS, utilizando-se as bases de dados Pubmed, Scielo e Medline e os descritores de busca de acordo com os DECs ou Mesh. Conclusão: o estudo dos fatores de risco associados à presença de SAOS demonstra a necessidade da abordagem interdisciplinar dessa patologia junto ao médico otorrinolaringologista, por ser ela multifatorial.

Introduction: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or total obstruction of the upper airways, usually accompanied by snoring. It has a multifactorial etiology, and the diagnosis takes into account risk factors and comorbidities. Objective: to study the risk factors for OSAS, with regard to morbidities and the serious consequences that may be related to its pathology, aiming at its prevention and treatment. Literature review: according to the literature, the main risk factors are: obesity, cervical circumference greater than 40 cm, increased BMI, family history, male gender, middle age, modified Mallampati Class III o IV, and alterations in the upper airways such as deviated nasal septum and lowered and posterior soft palate and craniofacial changes. Methodology: a review of the literature on the risk factors for OSAS was carried out using the PubMed, Scielo and Medline databases and the search descriptors according to the DECs or Mesh. Conclusion: a study of the risk factors associated with OSAS demonstrates the need for an interdisciplinary approach to this pathology with the otorhinolaryngologist, because of the multifactorial nature of OSAS.

Parotid gland tumors: a retrospective study of 154 patients / Tumores de glândula parótida: estudo retrospectivo de 154 pacientes

INTRODUCTION: Benign tumors of the parotid gland comprise the majority of salivary gland tumors. OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical characteristics of parotid gland tumors submitted to surgical treatment by the same surgeon. METHODS: Retrospective study with 154 patients who had parotid gland tumors. Clinical and histological data, type of surgery, and complications were assessed and described. RESULTS: The main manifestation was a mass with a median evolution of 12 months for benign tumors and five months for malignant tumors. Ultrasonography was the most frequent complementary exam. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common of the benign tumors, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor. Superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was the most common surgical procedure and reversible paresis of branches of the facial nerve was the most common complication. CONCLUSIONS: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common parotid gland tumor and superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve is the most common and appropriate treatment for most low-morbidity tumors. .

INTRODUÇÃO: Os tumores de parótida são frequentemente de natureza benigna e correspondem à maioria dos tumores de glândulas salivares. OBJETIVO: Revisar as características clínicas de neoplasias de parótidas submetidas a tratamento cirúrgico pelo mesmo cirurgião. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, onde foram avaliados 154 pacientes com neoplasia de parótida. Dados clínicos, histológicos, tipo de cirurgia e complicações foram compilados e descritos. RESULTADOS: A principal manifestação foi a de uma massa tumoral com uma mediana de tempo de evolução de 12 meses para os tumores benignos e 5 meses para os tumores malignos. A ecografia foi o exame complementar mais indicado. Dentre os tumores benignos, o adenoma pleomórfico foi o mais comum e o carcinoma mucoepidermóide o mais frequente dentre os malignos. A parotidectomia superficial com preservação do nervo facial foi a cirurgia mais indicada e a paresia reversível de ramos do nervo facial, a complicação mais prevalente. Conclusões: O adenoma pleomórfico é o tumor mais comum da glândula parótida e a parotidectomia superficial com preservação do nervo facial é o tratamento mais adequado para a maioria dos tumores de baixa morbidade. .

Parotid gland tumors: a retrospective study of 154 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Benign tumors of the parotid gland comprise the majority of salivary gland tumors. OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical characteristics of parotid gland tumors submitted to surgical treatment by the same surgeon. METHODS: Retrospective study with 154 patients who had parotid gland tumors. Clinical and histological data, type of surgery, and complications were assessed and described. RESULTS: The main manifestation was a mass with a median evolution of 12 months for benign tumors and five months for malignant tumors. Ultrasonography was the most frequent complementary exam. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most common of the benign tumors, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most frequent malignant tumor. Superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve was the most common surgical procedure and reversible paresis of branches of the facial nerve was the most common complication. CONCLUSIONS: Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common parotid gland tumor and superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve is the most common and appropriate treatment for most low-morbidity tumors.

Epistaxe: da etiologia ao manejo / Epistaxis: from etiology to management

A hemorragia nasal ou epistaxe é a mais frequente entre as hemorragias e apresenta alta prevalência na população em geral. Na maioria das vezes, tem resolução espontânea. Entretanto, quando o atendimento médico for requisitado, é essencial o domínio das principais causas desta patologia para realização de correta abordagem diagnóstica e adequado manejo terapêutico.

Nasal bleeding or epistaxis is the most common cause of bleeding and has a high prevalence in the general population. Most often it solves spontaneously. However, when it becomes necessary medical care, it is essential the knowledge of the main causes of this condition to perform correct diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic management approach.

Paraganglioma de corpo carotídeo com abaulamento de orofaringe: relato de caso / Carotid body paraganglioma with bulging oropharynx: case report

Os paragangliomas são tumores altamente vascularizados frequentemente benignos e unilaterais. Localizados no corpo carotídeo, predominam no espaço parafaríngeo. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso de paraganglioma de corpo carotídeo unilateral com extensão ao espaço parafaríngeo. Paciente feminina, 66 anos, observou a presença de assimetria na região amigdalina à direita há aproximadamente um ano sem outros sintomas. A oroscopia e a videotelelaringoscopia evidenciaram assimetria da loja amigdalina direita com suspeita de massa expansiva que projetava a amígdala e pilar posterior para a linha média estendendo-se inferiormente até a vertente externa do seio piriforme. No exame do pescoço apresentava à direita extensão da massa para a região júgulo-carotídea (nível II) de consistência aumentada. A suspeita clínica de glomus foi confirmada por estudo tomográfico computadorizado contrastado do pescoço, ressonância nuclear magnética e angiorressonância de vasos cervicais que definiram uma lesão ovalada com 5X4X6 cm, na topografia do espaço carotídeo direito, deslocando a artéria carótida externa e interna na região do bulbo carotídeo, hipervascularizada, com extensão ao espaço parafaríngeo e sugestiva de paraganglioma carotídeo. O tratamento indicado foi a ressecção cirúrgica sem a realização de embolização prévia. O paraganglioma carotídeo é um tumor raro e de crescimento lento que acomete a região júgulo-carotídea. A extensão parafaríngea é rara e deve estar no diagnóstico diferencial das patologias do espaço parafaríngeo (AU)

Paragangliomas are highly vascularized tumors often benign and unilaterais. Located in the carotid body, they predominate within parafaringeo space. The aim of tyhis repor was to describe a case of unilateral carotid body paraganglioma extending into space parafaríngeo. A female, 66 years-old patient noted the presence of asymmetry in the tonsillar region right about 1 year without other symptoms symptoms. Oroscopy and videotelelaryngoscopy showed asymmetry in right tonsillar store with suspected expansive mass that projected the amygdala and posterior pillar to the middle line extending inferiorly to the lateral aspect of the piriform sinus. On examination of the neck showed right extension of mass for jugular-carotid region (level II) consistency increased. A clinical suspicion of glomus was confirmed by computerized tomography scan study contrasted neck, magnetic resonance imaging and Magnetic resonance angiography of the cervical vessels that defined an injury with oval 5X4X6cm, the topography of the right carotid space shifting the external carotid artery and the internal carotid bulb hypervascular region, extending to the parapharyngeal space and suggestive of carotid paraganglioma. The treatment indication was surgical resection without performing previous embolization. The carotid paraganglioma is a rare tumor and growth slow that affects the jugular-carotid region. The parapharyngeal extension is rare and should be in the differential diagnosis of parapharyngeal space (AU)

Amiloidose laríngea / Laryngeal Amyloidosis

A amiloidose é uma doença idiopática caracterizada pelo depósito extracelular de uma substância amorfa de natureza protéica, causando dano tecidual. Afeta indivíduos entre 40 e 60 anos, com um pico de incidência na quinta década de vida e acomete mais freqüentemente o sexo masculino em uma proporção de 3:1. A amiloidose laríngea é geralmente uma doença localizada e raramente é associada com doença sistêmica, sendo a rouquidão a queixa mais comum. Os achados laringoscópicos são variáveis e inespecíficos. O diagnóstico é confirmado pelo exame anatomopatológico (AP) através do teste com vermelho de Congo. Tradicionalmente o tratamento inclui exérese total ou parcial da lesão, para manter uma via aérea funcional e um bom padrão vocal. Apresentamos três casos de amiloidose laríngea.

Amyloidosis is an idiopathic disease characterized by extracellular deposition of an amorphous substance of protein nature, causing tissue damage. It affects individuals between 40 and 60 years, with a peak incidence in the fifth decade of life and most often affecting males in a 3:1 ratio. Laryngeal amyloidosis is usually a localized disease and is rarely associated with systemic disease, hoarseness being the most common complaint. The laryngoscopic findings are variable and nonspecific. The diagnosis is confirmed by anatomopathologic examination (AP) by the Congo red test. Traditionally, the treatment includes partial or total excision of the lesion, to maintain a functional airway and a good vocal pattern. Here we present three cases of laryngeal amyloidosis.

Epistaxe / Epistaxis

Epistaxe, ou hemorragia nasal, constitui, sem dúvida, uma das mais freqüentes causas de sangramento na clínica médica. Cerca de 60% das pessoas relatam já terem apresentado pelo menos um episódio no decorrer de suas vidas. Dada a importância epidemiológica desta condição clinica, os autores procuram abordar a fisiopatologia, anatomia, etiologia, tratamento e novas abordagens terapêuticas da epistaxe.

Cyclin D1 expression and cervical metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth.

UNLABELLED: Cervical metastasis represent the most relevant prognostic factor in carcinomas of the mouth. Clinical and histological factors are associated with the development of cervical metastasis; however, research on molecular factors has been broadly carried out in recent years. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the association of the Cyclin D1 as a risk factor for the presence of cervical metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cyclin D1 expression was measured and the association between such substance and metastasis was found in 45 patients with mouth cancer treated by the author of this paper. Cyclin D1 presence was checked through the stereological method. Clinical and histological characteristics have been analyzed and associated with metastasis. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 expression was found in 15 patients but it was not associated with clinical and histological factors related to the presence of metastasis. Such conclusion indicates that Cyclin D1 is an independent protein. The most important predictive aspects related to metastasis development have been clinical staging and vascular embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin D1, although independent, is not associated with cervical metastasis, while staging and vascular embolization are.

Expressão de ciclina D1 e presença de metástase cervical de carcinoma epidermóide de boca / Cyclin D1 expression and cervical metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth

A metástase cervical é o fator de prognóstico mais relevante do carcinoma epidermóide de boca. Fatores clínicos e histológicos estão associados com o desenvolvimento da metástase cervical, porém a pesquisa de fatores moleculares está sendo amplamente realizada nos últimos anos. OBJETIVO: Observar a associação da expressão da ciclina D1 como fator de risco para a presença de metástase cervical. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: A expressão da ciclina D1 foi estudada e verificada sua associação com a metástase em 45 pacientes com câncer de boca. A leitura da expressão da ciclina D1 foi realizada pelo método estereológico. Características clínicas e histológicas foram pesquisadas e associadas com a presença de metástase. RESULTADOS: A expressão da ciclina D1 foi encontrada em 15 pacientes (33,4 por cento) e não esteve associada a fatores clínicos, histológicos e com a presença de metástase cervical, sendo sua expressão independente. O estadiamento clínico e as embolizações vasculares foram os fatores preditivos de maior relevância para o desenvolvimento de metástase. CONCLUSÕES: A expressão da ciclina D1, embora seja independente, não está associada com a presença de metástase cervical, enquanto que o estadiamento clínico e as embolizações vasculares estão.

Cervical metastasis represent the most relevant prognostic factor in carcinomas of the mouth. Clinical and histological factors are associated with the development of cervical metastasis; however, research on molecular factors has been broadly carried out in recent years. AIM: The aim of this study is to analyze the association of the Cyclin D1 as a risk factor for the presence of cervical metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cyclin D1 expression was measured and the association between such substance and metastasis was found in 45 patients with mouth cancer treated by the author of this paper. Cyclin D1 presence was checked through the stereological method. Clinical and histological characteristics have been analyzed and associated with metastasis. RESULTS: Cyclin D1 expression was found in 15 patients but it was not associated with clinical and histological factors related to the presence of metastasis. Such conclusion indicates that Cyclin D1 is an independent protein. The most important predictive aspects related to metastasis development have been clinical staging and vascular embolization. CONCLUSIONS: Cyclin D1, although independent, is not associated with cervical metastasis, while staging and vascular embolization are.

Desvio de septo / Deviation of the septum

Revisão bibliográfica sobre etiologias, quadro clínico e conduta terapêutica no desvio septal.

Rinossinusites / Rhinosinusitis

Os autores fazem uma revisão bibliográfica sobre os principais agentes etiológicos de rinossinusites e sua abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica baseada em evidências.

Modificações da dimensão do espaço aéreo faríngeo decorrentes do avanço maxilo-madibular em pacientes com maloclusão de Classe II / Dimensional changes in the pharynx aerial space related to maxillomandibular advances in patients with Class II malocclusion

A via aérea faríngea, delimitada por tecidos moles e duros, apresenta um alto grau de resolutibilidade visual nos exames radiográficos de perfil. O paciente portador de maloclusão esquelética de Classe II pode ter indicação de tratamento cirúrgico bucomaxilofacial, com avanço mandibular associado ou não a intervenções na maxila. O objetivo deste estudo prévio é determinar (em cm²) alterações dimensionais do espaço aéreo faríngeo total (EAF TOTAL), particularizando o espaço aéreo da nasofarige (NF), orofaringe (OF) e hipofaringe (HF). Foram utilizadas telerradiografias de perfil pré e pós-operatórias de pacientes que realizaram cirurgias combinadas. Com base em propostas de estudos cefalométricos para esta área, realizou-se uma análise estatística para avaliação da presença ou não de diferenças significativas entre o pré e pós-operatório. Com valores superiores ao período pré-operatório, tanto a orofaringe quanto a hipofaringe e o espaço aéreo faríngeo total indicam aumento da área. Este resultado pode contribuir no tratamento das apnéias e hipopnéias obstrutivas do sono.