RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Brain injuries are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. It is estimated that nearly half of patients who develop severe sequelae will continue with a chronic severe disability despite having received an appropriate rehabilitation program. For more than 3 decades, there has been a worldwide effort to investigate the possibility of pharmacologically stimulating the neuroplasticity process for enhancing the recovery of these patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this article is to make a critical and updated review of the available evidence that supports the positive effect of different drugs on the recovery from brain injury. METHOD: To date, there have been several clinical trials that tested different drugs that act on different neurotransmitter systems: catecholaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic. There is both basic and clinical evidence that may support some positive effect of these drugs on motor, cognitive, and language skills; however, only few of the available studies are of sufficient methodological quality (placebo controlled, randomized, blinded, multicenter, etc) to make solid conclusions about their beneficial effects. CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the pharmacological stimulation of neuroplasticity still does not have enough scientific evidence to make a systematic therapeutic recommendation for all patients, but it certainly is a feasible and very promising field for future research.
