Waist Circumference as a Tool for Identifying Visceral Fat in Women with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Abdominal adiposity is associated with tumor development and poor clinical outcomes in breast cancer (BC) and can be identified by the measurement of waist circumference (WC) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This study aimed to evaluate the association between waist circumference (WC) and imaging measurement of central adiposity according to age group in women with BC. Abdominal adiposity was assessed by WC and VAT, obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Body mass index (BMI) was assessed. The presence of inflammation was investigated by measuring C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels. Multivariate linear regression models were applied to verify the association between WC and VAT. The significance level adopted for all tests was 5%. This study included 112 women with a mean age of 55.5 ± 11.4 years. After adjusted models, WC remained associated with VAT and for every centimeter increase in WC, there was an increase of 3.12 cm2 (CI: 2.40 - 3.85; p < 0.001) in VAT. WC was associated with VAT in women with breast cancer, proving to be a simple, fast, and noninvasive approach that can be used as a proxy to identify visceral fat.

Giant lactating adenoma.

Lactating adenoma is a rare benign breast lesion that most often presents as a small (up to 3 cm), solid, well-circumscribed, solitary, painless, mobile, lobulated mass. The highest incidence occurs in primiparous women (20 to 40 years old) during the third trimester of pregnancy. However, in the rare case presented herein, in addition to its giant size (more than 10 centimeters on palpation), this lactating adenoma is distinctive due to the presence of multiple nodules, poorly defined ultrasonographic margins, worrisome radiologic features, growth since early pregnancy, presence of infarction and association with chronic mastitis. From the clinical-radiologic perspective, the differential diagnoses included abscess associated with puerperal mastitis, phyllodes tumor, and galactocele. Biopsy was performed, and pathologic examination revealed the classic characteristics of lactating adenoma with multiple infarcted areas, leading to an unexpected confirmed case of giant lactating adenoma.

Múltiplos fibroadenomas bilaterais após transplante renal e imunossupressão com ciclosporina A / Multiple bilateral fibroadenomas after kidney transplantation and immunossuppression with cyclosporine A

O fibroadenoma é a neoplasia benigna mais freqüente da mama feminina e é considerado tumor misto, constituído por quantidades variáveis de tecido conjuntivo e epitelial. A ciclosporina parece ter implicações no desenvolvimento de fibroadenomas mamários em pacientes transplantadas renais em idade reprodutiva. Descrevemos o caso no qual a paciente, em uso terapêutico de ciclosporina A, após transplante renal, apresentou vários nódulos mamários bilaterais na evolução. O exame físico e os achados de imagem sugeriram fibroadenoma, diagnóstico que foi confirmado após biópsias.

Fibroadenoma is the most frequent benign neoplasia in the female breast and it is considered a mixed tumor, constituted by variable amounts of connective and epithelial tissue. Cyclosporine A seems to be related with the development of mamary fibroadenomas in patients who underwent kidney transplantation in reproductive age. We reported the case in which the patient, in therapeutic use of cyclosporine A, after kidney transplantation, presented several bilateral lumps. The imaging and palpable findings suggested fibroadenoma, confirmed after biopsy.