The Relationship between Lifestyle, Mental Health, and Loneliness in the Elderly during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The study focused on examining the relationship between well-being and various psychological factors such as loneliness, anxiety, depression, and stress, whilst also considering changes in lifestyle. A total of 108 elderly participants, with an average age of 70.38 years, were enrolled in this quantitative cross-sectional study. The research employed a battery of assessment tools including a Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire, Mini-Mental State Examination, Positive Mental Health Scale, Stress Perception Scale, Geriatric Anxiety Inventory, Geriatric Depression Scale (reduced version), Loneliness Scale, and International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted in order to understand the distribution of scores across these variables, followed by the categorization of participants based on the reported alterations in eating and physical activity behaviors. Correlations between variables were assessed using Spearman correlation and an EBIC-LASSO network analysis. The findings indicated a potential detriment to the well-being of elderly individuals practicing social distancing, evidenced by heightened symptoms of loneliness, depression, anxiety, and stress, alongside the reported changes in dietary patterns and physical activity. The study underscores the importance of understanding the pandemic's impact on the well-being of older adults and advocates for longitudinal investigations to delineate the evolving effects of social distancing measures across different phases of the pandemic.

Functional connectivity alterations in individuals with gaming disorder assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging: a systematic review.

Neuroimaging has continually advanced, playing a crucial role in the accurate diagnosis of various brain pathologies and disorders. This integrative review aimed to identify the main changes in brain connections found in fMRI scans of individuals with Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). The data collection method involved searching for the terms "Magnetic Resonance Imaging", "Psychological Dependence" and "Internet Addiction Disorder" in the PubMed and Embase databases. Studies published between 2020 and January 2023 were included and manually analyzed through the virtual environment created in the "Rayyan" software, compiling a total of 18 scientific studies. The main findings reveal changes such as significant increases or decreases in functional connectivity in certain regions of the brain. Some potential negative impacts on the uncontrolled use of technologies among the young population were evaluated, such as the loss of inhibitory control in decision-making, transforming leisure into dependence, and although the IGD understands the associated risks and harms, it faces difficulties in resisting the desire to stop playing. This situation emphasizes the need for more long-term studies that can be comparative between different age groups. Conclusion, the brain regions with the most significant changes in functional connectivity in individuals with IGD symptoms are the prefrontal cortex, fronto-parietal regions, frontal gyrus, insula lobe, cingulate cortex and striatum. The lack of comprehensive knowledge about the effects of video game addiction across different age groups is a significant concern. Therefore, it is essential to carry out research that evaluates the impact of these technologies on different stages of human development.

Situación escolar y uso de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes con discapacidades / School situation and psychoactive substance use among students with disabilities

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre situación escolar y uso de sustancias psicoactivas por parte de estudiantes con discapacidades. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en escuelas públicas. La población de estudio fueron estudiantes con discapacidades. Se utilizó el cuestionario Teen Addiction Severity Index. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba Chi-cuadrado, la prueba de tendencia lineal Chi-cuadrado (extensión de Mantel-Haenszel) y la prueba ANOVA. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Resultados: Participaron 110 estudiantes. La mayoría pertenecientes al grupo etario de entre 20 y 30 años, del sexo masculino, morenos, católicos y con discapacidades intelectuales. El 70% de los participantes refirió nunca consumir sustancias psicoactivas, mientras que el 30% afirmó haber usado estas sustancias alguna vez en la vida. Entre las sustancias consumidas, el 19,4% reportó uso de sedantes, el 4,6% consumo de alcohol, el 0,9% uso de opiáceos y el 0,9% de tabaco. Se registró una asociación entre edad y uso de sustancias psicoactivas. No hubo asociación significativa alguna entre situación escolar y consumo de estas sustancias. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos destacaron que existe mayor consumo de sustancias psicoactivas lícitas entre los estudiantes con discapacidades, lo que se asocia con la edad. Estos resultados son importantes para que los enfermeros desarrollen sus actividades de prevención del abuso de sustancias psicoactivas (AU)

Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre a situação escolar e o uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes com deficiência. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado em escolas públicas. A população do estudo foi composta por estudantes com deficiência. Utilizou-se o questionário Teen Addiction Severity Index. Os dados foram analisados por meio dos testes Qui quadrado, Qui-quadrado (extensão de Mantel-Haenszel) e ANOVA. Estudo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Participaram 110 estudantes. A maioria pertence a faixa etária entre 20 e 30 anos de idade, sexo masculino, pardos, católicos e com deficiência intelectual. 70% dos participantes referiu que nunca consumiu substâncias psicoativas, enquanto que 30% afirma ter consumido alguma substância pelo menos uma vez na vida. Dentre as substâncias consumidas, 19,4% relataram uso de sedativos, 4,6% uso de álcool, 0,9% uso de opiáceos e 0,9% de tabaco. Houve associação entre idade e o uso de substâncias psicoativas. Não houve associação significativa entre a situação escolar e o uso destas substâncias. Conclusões: Os resultados destacaram que existe um maior consumo de substâncias psicoativas lícitas entre os estudantes com deficiência, o que está associado com a idade. Estes resultados são importantes para que os enfermeiros desenvolvam suas atividades de prevenção ao abuso de substâncias psicoativas (AU)

Objective: To analyze the association between school situation and use of psychoactive substances by students with disabilities. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in public schools. The study population was students with disabilities. The Teen Addiction Severity Index questionnaire was used. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, the linear trend Chi-square test (Mantel-Haenszel extension) and the ANOVA test. The study was approved by Research Ethics Committee. Results: The participants were 110 students, most of them belonging to the age group between 20 and 30 years old, male, brown-skinned, Catholics, and with intellectual disabilities. 70% of the participants reported never having used psychoactive substances; in turn, 30% asserted having used these substances at least once in their lifetime. Among the substances consumed, 19.4% reported sedatives, 4.6% alcohol, 0.9% opioids, and 0.9% tobacco. There was an association between age and use of psychoactive substances. There was no significant association between school situation and use of these substances. Conclusions: The findings highlighted that there is greater consumption of licit psychoactive substances among students with disabilities, which is associated with age. These results are important for nurses to develop their activities to prevent psychoactive substance abuse (AU)

Therapeutic treatment with phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors alleviates kidney injury and renal fibrosis by increasing MMP-9 in a doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity mouse model.

Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is associated with kidney dysfunction and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Here, we evaluated the effects of the phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors rolipram and roflumilast on a doxorubicin-induced NS model. Early-stage rolipram treatment preserved glomerular filtration barrier function, as indicated by reduced serum protein and albumin loss and the prevention of hypercholesterolemia. These effects were associated with reduced glomerular and tubular lesions and abrogated renal cell apoptosis. In addition, rolipram treatment reduced inflammation, which was characterized by a decrease in macrophage accumulation and reduced levels of CCL2 and TNF in the kidneys. Rolipram also reduced renal fibrosis, which was associated with decreased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) area and increased metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) activity in renal tissue. Late-stage rolipram or roflumilast treatment preserved glomerular filtration barrier function, as characterized by reduced serum albumin loss, decreased proteinuria, and the prevention of hypercholesterolemia. Importantly, only roflumilast treatment was associated with a reduction in glomerular and tubular lesions at this time point. In addition, both rolipram and roflumilast reduced renal tissue fibrosis and MMP9 activity in renal tissue.

Monitoring ten insect pests in selected orchards in three Azorean Islands: The project CUARENTAGRI.

Background: The data we present are part of the CUARENTAGRI project, which involves all archipelagos of the Macaronesia (Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands and Cabo Verde). The project aims to: i) identify and evaluate the risks associated with the introduction of new arthropod pests; ii) study the population dynamics of selected arthropod pest species currently responsible for the damage of key target crops and iii) develop monitoring systems, based on prediction and/or population dynamics of the crop pests, creating warnings and a phytosanitary prevention system. In this contribution, we compile data for three Azorean Islands (Terceira, São Jorge and São Miguel Islands), where pheromone-baited traps were placed in pastures, potato fields and several orchards' types (apples, banana, chestnuts, olives, orange and strawberry), during three consecutive years (2020, 2021 and 2022). New information: A total of 114,827 specimens of insects (Arthropoda, Insecta) were collected, belonging to four orders, six families and ten recorded pest species. A total of eight species are considered introduced (Cosmopolitessordidus (Germar, 1824), Drosophilasuzukii (Matsumura, 1931), Bactroceraoleae (Rossi, 1790), Ceratitiscapitata (Wiedemann, 1824), Phthorimaeaoperculella (Zeller, 1873), Cydiapomonella (Linnaeus, 1758), Cydiasplendana (Hübner, 1799) and Grapholitamolesta (Busck, 1916); n = 84,986 specimens) and two native non-endemic (Mythimnaunipuncta (Haworth, 1809) and Spodopteralittoralis (Boisduval, 1833); n = 17,465 specimens). This study intended to contribute to a better knowledge of the arthropods pests that can affect the Azorean crops and will serve as a baseline for future monitoring actions, pest risk assessments and prevention systems.

Nociceptive Profile and Analgesic use of Patients Submitted to Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery: A Prospective Cohort.

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the nociceptive profile and the intake of analgesic drugs of patients submitted to rotator cuff repair surgery. Also, to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds and the integrity of the descending inhibitory system, pain catastrophism and prevalence of nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Methods Approved by the Ethics Committee of La Salle University (1.325.433/2015). 40 patients (>18 years old) who underwent rotator cuff repair surgery (divided in small and large injuries) were recruited. The used instruments were: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Functional Pain Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Quantitative Sensory Test (QST) and Conditioned Pain Modulation Task (CPM). Results Patients had a significant difference in pain thresholds QST heat (independent samples t test) and quality of sleep, mood and anxiety (paired t test) in groups preoperative. There was a significant correlation between preoperative CPM and postoperative VAS (Pearson Correlation). It was observed that, in preoperative, 38 patients used analgesics continuously. Besides that, in postoperative, use of opioid drugs was higher in patients with small injury (13 patients) than in those with large injury (9 patients). Conclusion Therefore, patients with rotator cuff injuries did not present alterations in the descending inhibitory system, but showed alterations in pain thresholds, which may interfere in the postoperative period and still be related to the consumption of analgesics.

Nociceptive Profile and Analgesic use of Patients Submitted to Rotator Cuff Repair Surgery: A Prospective Cohort / Perfil nociceptivo e uso de analgésicos em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador: Coorte prospectiva

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the nociceptive profile and the intake of analgesic drugs of patients submitted to rotator cuff repair surgery. Also, to evaluate the nociceptive thresholds and the integrity of the descending inhibitory system, pain catastrophism and prevalence of nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Methods Approved by the Ethics Committee of La Salle University (1.325.433/2015). 40 patients (>18 years old) who underwent rotator cuff repair surgery (divided in small and large injuries) were recruited. The used instruments were: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Functional Pain Scale, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Quantitative Sensory Test (QST) and Conditioned Pain Modulation Task (CPM). Results Patients had a significant difference in pain thresholds QST heat (independent samples t test) and quality of sleep, mood and anxiety (paired t test) in groups preoperative. There was a significant correlation between preoperative CPM and postoperative VAS (Pearson Correlation). It was observed that, in preoperative, 38 patients used analgesics continuously. Besides that, in postoperative, use of opioid drugs was higher in patients with small injury (13 patients) than in those with large injury (9 patients). Conclusion Therefore, patients with rotator cuff injuries did not present alterations in the descending inhibitory system, but showed alterations in pain thresholds, which may interfere in the postoperative period and still be related to the consumption of analgesics.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o perfil nociceptivo e o uso de analgésicos em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador. Além disso, os limiares nociceptivos e a integridade do sistema inibidor descendente, o catastrofismo da dor e a prevalência de dor nociceptiva ou neuropática também foram analisados. Métodos Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade La Salle (1.325.433/2015). Quarenta pacientes (maiores de 18 anos) submetidos à cirurgia de reparo do manguito rotador (divididos entre aqueles com lesões pequenas e grandes) participaram do estudo. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário Sociodemográfico, a Escala Funcional de Dor, a Escala Visual Análoga (EVA), o Teste Sensorial Quantitativo (QST) e a Tarefa de Modulação Condicionada da Dor (CPM). Resultados Os pacientes apresentaram diferenças significativas nos limiares de dor e QST de calor (teste t de amostras independentes) e qualidade do sono, humor e ansiedade (teste t pareado) nos grupos pré-operatórios. Houve uma correlação significativa entre CPM pré-operatória e EVA pós-operatória (correlação de Pearson). Observou-se que, no período pré-operatório, 38 pacientes utilizavam analgésico de forma contínua. Além disso, no período pós-operatório, o uso de opioides foi maior nos pacientes com lesões pequenas (13 pacientes) em comparação àqueles com lesões grandes (nove pacientes). Conclusão Os pacientes com lesão do manguito rotador não apresentaram alterações no sistema inibidor descendente, mas sim alterações nos limiares de dor, o que pode interferir no período pós-operatório e estar relacionado ao consumo de analgésicos.

Common BMI and diabetes-related genetic variants: A pilot study among indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon.

This study was carried out to investigate the frequency of genetic variants related to body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and evaluating the potential impact of risk alleles on susceptibility to these disorders in six indigenous peoples from Brazilian Amazon region. The majority of Fst values for pairwise population comparisons among the indigenous groups are low or moderate. The indigenous people show high values of differentiation with Africans, Europeans and Southeast Asians and moderate values with East Asian and American populations, as expected. The allelic frequencies among indigenous indicate that the majority of associations observed with T2D in continental populations can be replicated in native Amazonians. The genetic risk scores calculated for T2D in indigenous are high and similar to those calculated for Americans and East Asians, while the estimates obtained for obesity are low, probably due to the low frequencies of the risk allele of the FTO gene found in our samples. ADRB3-rs4994 and ABCC8-rs1799854 genes showed a significant association with BMI and waist circumference, and the KCNJ11-rs5219 gene with hyperglycemia. These results emphasize the importance of knowing the genetic variability underlying complex genetic diseases in indigenous peoples and the search for particular or rare variants.

Associations and Disease-Disease Interactions of COVID-19 with Congenital and Genetic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review.

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic, which originated in Wuhan, China, has resulted in over six million deaths worldwide. Millions of people who survived this SARS-CoV-2 infection show a number of post-COVID complications. Although, the comorbid conditions and post-COVID complexities are to some extent well reviewed and known, the impact of COVID-19 on pre-existing congenital anomalies and genetic diseases are only documented in isolated case reports and case series, so far. In the present review, we analyzed the PubMed indexed literature published between December 2019 and January 2022 to understand this relationship from various points of view, such as susceptibility, severity and heritability. Based on our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review on COVID-19 and its associations with various congenital anomalies and genetic diseases. According to reported studies, some congenital disorders present high-risk for developing severe COVID-19 since these disorders already include some comorbidities related to the structure and function of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, leading to severe pneumonia. Other congenital disorders rather cause psychological burdens to patients and are not considered high-risk for the development of severe COVID-19 infection.

Tecnologias em Saúde Implementadas para Prevenção de Lesão Por Pressão no Contexto Hospitalar: Revisão Integrativa / Implemented Technologies for Pressure Injury Prevention in the Hospital Context: Integrative Review / Tecnologías Sanitarias Implementadas Para la Prevención de la Lesión por Presión en el Contexto Hospitalario: Revisión Integrativa

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar na literatura as tecnologias implementadas para prevenção de lesão por pressão no contexto da assistência hospitalar. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada no período de outubro a dezembro de 2021, nos bancos de dados: Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase e Cochrane Library. Foram incluídos 192 artigos e excluídos 179. A amostra final foi composta de 13 artigos, que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e responderam ao objetivo e à questão de pesquisa. Evidenciou-se que as principais tecnologias utilizadas foram colchões de ar, educação permanente mediada por e-learning, sistema computacional que facilita a identificação de fatores de risco, sistema de sinal luminoso para acionamento da equipe, sistema computacional para monitoramento da pressão tecidual, software para implementação de diretriz informatizada, catálogo informativo, diretrizes clínicas e ambiente virtual de aprendizagem. Essas tecnologias demonstraram resultados positivos, no entanto, majoritariamente, os estudos tratam de desenhos de pesquisa descritivos com baixo poder de inferência, o que aponta para uma lacuna de pesquisas experimentais a fim de comprovar com maior exatidão os reais benefícios das tecnologias para a prevenção de lesão por pressão.

The present study aimed to analyze in the literature the technologies implemented to prevent pressure injuries in the context of hospital care. This is an integrative literature review carried out from October to December 2021, in the databases: Virtual Health Library; MEDLINE via PubMed; Scopus; Web of Science; Embase and Cochrane Library, and 192 articles were included and 179 excluded. The final sample consisted of 13 articles, that met the eligibility criteria and answered the objective and research question. The main technologies used were air mattresses, permanent education mediated by e-learning, a computer system that facilitates the identification of risk factors, a light signal system for activating the team, a computer system for monitoring tissue pressure, a software for implementing computerized guidelines, an informative catalog, clinical guidelines, and a virtual learning environment. These technologies have shown positive results, however, as identified in the analysis, most studies deal with descriptive research designs with low inference power, which opens space for experimental research to prove the real benefits of technologies more accurately for pressure injury prevention.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar en la literatura las tecnologías implementadas para la prevención de lesiones por presión en el contexto de la atención hospitalaria. Esta es una revisión integrativa de la literatura realizada de octubre a diciembre de 2021, en las bases de datos: Biblioteca Virtual en Salud; Medline vía Pubmed; Scopus; Web of Science; Embase e Cochrane Library. Se incluyeron 192 artículos y se excluyeron 179. La muestra final estuvo conformada por 13 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y respondieron el objetivo y pregunta de investigación, se evidenció que las principales tecnologías utilizadas fueron colchones de aire, educación permanente mediada por e-learning, una computadora sistema que facilita la identificación de factores de riesgo, un sistema de señalización luminosa para la activación del equipo, un sistema informático de monitorización de la presión tisular, un software para la implementación de guías informáticas, un catálogo informativo, guías clínicas y un Entorno Virtual de Aprendizaje. Estas tecnologías han mostrado resultados positivos, sin embargo, como identificado en el análisis, la mayoría de los estudios se ocupan de diseños de investigación descriptivos con bajo poder de inferencia, lo que abre espacio para la investigación experimental para probar con mayor precisión los beneficios reales de las tecnologías para la prevención de lesiones por presión.

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Type α Activation Drives Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Via Progenitor Cell Proliferation and Induces Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background Platelet-derived growth factor is a major regulator of the vascular remodeling associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. We previously showed that protein widely 1 (PW1+) vascular progenitor cells participate in early vessel neomuscularization during experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH) and we addressed the role of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor type α (PDGFRα) pathway in progenitor cell-dependent vascular remodeling and in PH development. Methods and Results Remodeled pulmonary arteries from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension showed an increased number of perivascular and vascular PW1+ cells expressing PDGFRα. PW1nLacZ reporter mice were used to follow the fate of pulmonary PW1+ progenitor cells in a model of chronic hypoxia-induced PH development. Under chronic hypoxia, PDGFRα inhibition prevented the increase in PW1+ progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation into vascular smooth muscle cells and reduced pulmonary vessel neomuscularization, but did not prevent an increased right ventricular systolic pressure or the development of right ventricular hypertrophy. Conversely, constitutive PDGFRα activation led to neomuscularization via PW1+ progenitor cell differentiation into new smooth muscle cells and to PH development in male mice without fibrosis. In vitro, PW1+ progenitor cell proliferation, but not differentiation, was dependent on PDGFRα activity. Conclusions These results demonstrate a major role of PDGFRα signaling in progenitor cell-dependent lung vessel neomuscularization and vascular remodeling contributing to PH development, including in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. Our findings suggest that PDGFRα blockers may offer a therapeutic add-on strategy to combine with current pulmonary arterial hypertension treatments to reduce vascular remodeling. Furthermore, our study highlights constitutive PDGFRα activation as a novel experimental PH model.

Evaluation of genetic divergence of coffee genotypes using the volatile compounds and sensory attributes profile.

The quality of the coffee beverage is related to the chemical, physical, and sensory attributes of the coffee beans that vary with the geographic location of the crop, genetic factors, and post-harvest processing. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence of 27 genotypes of Coffea canephora using the volatile compounds and sensory attributes profile to select genotypes that produce a coffee beverage with high sensory quality. This genetic diversity was estimated from the Euclidean distance matrix using non-standard data and the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA). The 2-furyl-methanol, 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, methylpyrazine, and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine were predominating volatile compounds in the genotypes. The sensory attributes had a positive Pearson's correlation with the total score. The volatile compounds had a different relative contribution to the genetic divergence between the genotypes of C. canephora. The 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2-furyl-methanol, and furfural were volatile compounds that most contributed to the formation of the groups in the UPGMA dendrogram. The relative contribution of sensory attributes to dissimilarity among genotypes was 6.42% to 20.20%. Therefore, this study verified the relative contribution of volatile compounds, in specially 4-ethenyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2-furyl-methanol, and furfural, and sensory attributes (flavor, mouthfeel, and bitterness/sweetness) to the genetic divergence between the genotypes of the three clonal varieties. Thus, this work points out compounds that positively contribute to the sensory quality of the Conilon coffee beverage.

Qualidade de vida em idosos integrantes de um centro de convivência / Quality of life in elderly attend of a social center / Calidad de vida en ancianos atendidos de un centro social

Objetivo: analisar a qualidade de vida de idosos integrantes de um centro de convivência mediante a aplicação das escalas World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) -bref e WHOQOL-OLD. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo e inferencial, de abordagem quantitativa, com 58 idosos de um centro de convivência com atendimento pela equipe multiprofissional. Para a obtenção dos dados foram utilizados dados sociodemográficos e as escalas WHOQOL-bref e WHOQOL-OLD. Resultados:a maior média obtida nos instrumentos foi WHOQOL-bref domínio "meio ambiente" (26,9%) e WHOQOL-OLD domínio "participação social" (15,5%). A variável idade apresentou correlação significante com o domínio morte e morrer do WHOQOL-OLD e o domínio relações sociais do WHOQOL-bref. Conclusão: idosos que são acompanhados no centro de convivência apresentaram boa percepção da qualidade de vida. Demonstrando a importância de capacitar equipes para melhor atenção no cuidado e manejo gerontológico

Objective: to analyze the quality of life of elderly members of a community center through the application of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) -bref and WHOQOL-OLD scales. Method: this is a descriptive and inferential study, with a quantitative approach, with 58 elderly people from a social center for care by the multidisciplinary team. To obtain the data, a sociodemographic data collection instrument was used, the WHOQOL-bref and WHOQOL-OLD scales. Results: the highest average obtained in the instruments was the WHOQOL-bref "environment" domain (26.9%) and WHOQOL-OLD "social participation" domain (15.5%). The variable age was significantly correlated with the domain of death and dying of the WHOQOL-OLD and the social relationships domain of the WHOQOL-bref. Conclusion: elderly people who are followed up at the community center showed a good perception of quality of life. Demonstrating the importance of training teams for better attention to care and gerontological management

Objetivo: analizar la calidad de vida de ancianos de un centro social mediante aplicación de las escalas World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL) -bref y WHOQOL-OLD. Método: estudio descriptivo e inferencial, con abordaje cuantitativo, con 58 ancianos de un centro social con la atención del equipo multidisciplinario. Para obtención de los datos se utilizó datos sociodemográficos las escalas WHOQOL-bref y WHOQOL-OLD. Resultados: la media más alta obtenida en los instrumentos fue el dominio "medio ambiente" del WHOQOL-bref (26,9%) y el dominio "participación social" del WHOQOL-OLD (15,5%). La variable edad se correlacionó significativamente con el dominio de muerte y morir del WHOQOL-OLD y el dominio de relaciones sociales del WHOQOL-bref. Conclusiones: los ancianos que son seguidos en el centro social mostraron una buena percepción de calidad de vida. Demostrar la importancia de formar equipos para una mejor atención en el cuidado y manejo geriátrico

Trajetórias Escolares de Adolescentes em Conflito com a Lei: Revisão da Literatura / School Trajectories of Adolescents in Conflict with the Law: A Literature Review / Trayectorias Escolares de Adolescentes en Conflicto con la Ley: Revisión de Literatura

Este estudo investigou as trajetórias escolares de adolescentes em conflito com a lei antes, durante e depois da intervenção do sistema de justiça juvenil. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, considerando artigos publicados nas bases Eric, Lilacs, Pepsic, PsycInfo e Scielo no período de 2013 a 2018. Os estudos evidenciaram que a trajetória escolar dos adolescentes que cometem atos infracionais é marcada por dificuldades de vinculação com a escola, repetência, defasagem idade/série, indisciplina e abandono escolar. Durante a intervenção do sistema de justiça juvenil, a escolarização e a profissionalização envolveram a oferta de atenção individualizada e investimento na relação entre educadores e adolescentes. Após a intervenção, os estudos demonstraram que os adolescentes construíram projetos de vida relacionados à educação e à profissionalização.

This study investigated the school trajectories of adolescents in conflict with the law before, during and after intervention of the juvenile court system. A systematic literature review was carried out, considering articles published in the Eric, Lilacs, Pepsic, PsycInfo and Scielo databases in the period from 2013 to 2018. The studies showed that the school trajectory of the adolescents who commit juvenile offenses is marked by difficulties of connection with the school, grade repetition, age/school-grade discrepancy, indiscipline and school quitting. During intervention of the juvenile court system, schooling and professionalization involved providing individualized attention and investing in the relationship between educators and adolescents. After the intervention, the studies showed that the adolescents built life projects related to education and professionalization.

Este estudio investigó las trayectorias escolares de adolescentes en conflicto con la ley antes, durante y después de la intervención del sistema de justicia juvenil. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura, considerando artículos publicados en las bases Eric, Lilacs, Pepsic, PsycInfo y Scielo en el período de 2013 a 2018. Los estudios evidencian que la trayectoria escolar de los adolescentes que cometen infracciones está marcada por las dificultades de vinculación con la escuela, repitencia, diferencia de edad/ grado, indisciplina y abandono escolar. Durante la intervención del sistema de justicia juvenil, la escolarización y profesionalización implicaron brindar una atención individualizada e invertir en la relación entre educadores y adolescentes. Después de la intervención, los estudios mostraron que los adolescentes construyeron proyectos de vida relacionados a la educación y a la profesionalización.

Characterization of electrocorticographic, electromyographic and electrocardiographic recordings after the use of caffeine in Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVE: To describe electrocorticographic, electromyographic and electrocardiographic profiles to report the electrophysiological effects of caffeine in Wistar rats. METHODS: Male adult Wistar rats weighing 230g to 250g were used. Rats were allocated to one of two groups, as follows: Group 1, Control, intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% saline solution (n=27); and Group 2, treated with intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (50mg/kg; n=27). The rats were submitted to electrocorticographic, electromyographic and electrocardiographic assessment. RESULTS: Brain oscillations (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) in the frequency range up to 40Hz varied after caffeine administration to rats. Powers in delta and theta oscillations ranges were preponderant. The contractile force of the skeletal striated and cardiac muscles increased. Electrocardiogram analysis revealed shorter RR, QRS and QT intervals under the effect of caffeine. CONCLUSION: In the central nervous system, there was an increase in the delta, theta and alpha amplitude spectrum, which are related to memory encoding and enhanced learning. With regard to skeletal muscle, increased contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle was demonstrated, a clear indication of how caffeine can be used to enhance performance of some physical activities. Electrocardiographic changes observed after caffeine administration are primarily related to increased heart rate and energy consumption.

Development of muffins as dialysis snacks for patients undergoing hemodialysis: results of chemical composition and sensory analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to develop two non-industrial food products as financially accessible options to prevent and treat malnutrition in hemodialysis (HD) patients. These food products were developed and intended for use as dialysis snacks. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional and multi-step study. First, 183 adult HD patients (55 ± 14 years; 50.8% males), replied to a questionnaire with their food preferences regarding taste (salty, sweet, bitter, sour) and consistency (liquid, solid, pasty) for a dialysis snack. Most patients preferred a food product with a solid consistency (90%) and a salty flavor (81.4%). Second, three muffin formulations of fine herbs were developed; one enriched with whey protein concentrate (WPC), a second with textured soy protein (TSP) and a third standard formulation without protein for comparison with the protein-enriched muffins, for which the chemical and nutritional compositions were analyzed. In the third step, 60 patients on HD (61 ± 15 years; 53% males) were enrolled in a sensory analysis by applying a 9-point structured hedonic scale, ranging from "extremely liked" (score 9) to "extremely disliked" (score 1). RESULTS: When compared with the standard formulation, the formulations enriched with WPC and TSP protein had a significantly higher amount of protein/serving (Standard: 5.9 ± 0.3 g vs WPC: 14.5 ± 0.9 g and TSP 10.8 ± 0.7 g; P < 0.05) but a lower amount of carbohydrate (Standard: 13.1 ± 2.2 g vs WPC: 5.6 ± 0.8 g and TSP 6.0 ± 1.2 g vs; P < 0.05). The mineral content/serving of the protein-enriched muffins was low in phosphorus (50 mg) and sodium (180 mg). The potassium content/serving was moderate for the WPC muffin (225.2 mg) and low for the TSP muffin (107.9 mg). The acceptability index (AI) for the enriched protein muffins was higher than 70% and similar to the standard formulation. CONCLUSION: The muffins with fine herbs and enriched with protein were well-accepted by all patients and appropriate to serve as dialysis snacks for HD patients.

Characterization of electrocorticographic, electromyographic and electrocardiographic recordings after the use of caffeine in Wistar rats / Caracterização dos registros eletrocorticográficos, eletromiográficos e eletrocardiográficos após uso de cafeína em ratos Wistar

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe electrocorticographic, electromyographic and electrocardiographic profiles to report the electrophysiological effects of caffeine in Wistar rats. Methods: Male adult Wistar rats weighing 230g to 250g were used. Rats were allocated to one of two groups, as follows: Group 1, Control, intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% saline solution (n=27); and Group 2, treated with intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (50mg/kg; n=27). The rats were submitted to electrocorticographic, electromyographic and electrocardiographic assessment. Results: Brain oscillations (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) in the frequency range up to 40Hz varied after caffeine administration to rats. Powers in delta and theta oscillations ranges were preponderant. The contractile force of the skeletal striated and cardiac muscles increased. Electrocardiogram analysis revealed shorter RR, QRS and QT intervals under the effect of caffeine. Conclusion: In the central nervous system, there was an increase in the delta, theta and alpha amplitude spectrum, which are related to memory encoding and enhanced learning. With regard to skeletal muscle, increased contraction of the gastrocnemius muscle was demonstrated, a clear indication of how caffeine can be used to enhance performance of some physical activities. Electrocardiographic changes observed after caffeine administration are primarily related to increased heart rate and energy consumption.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os perfis eletrocorticográficos, eletromiográficos e eletrocardiográficos para relatar os efeitos eletrofisiológicos da cafeína em ratos Wistar. Métodos: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, machos, adultos, pesando de 230g a 250g. Os animais foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: Grupo 1, Controle com solução fisiológica 0,9% por via intraperitoneal (n=27), e Grupo 2, Tratado com Cafeína (50mg/kg intraperitoneal; n=27). Foram realizadas avaliações por eletrocorticograma, eletromiograma e eletrocardiograma. Resultados: Houve variações nas oscilações cerebrais (delta, teta, alfa, beta e gama) na faixa de frequência de até 40Hz após a aplicação de cafeína em ratos. Observou-se que as potências nas faixas das oscilações delta e teta foram preponderantes. A força de contração nos músculos estriado esquelético e cardíaco aumentou. A avaliação do eletrocardiograma demonstrou que a duração dos intervalos RR, QRS e QT foram menores na presença da cafeína. Conclusão: No sistema nervoso central, houve aumento dos espectros de amplitude delta, teta e alfa, que auxiliam na codificação das memórias e estão relacionados à melhora do aprendizado. Em relação à musculatura esquelética, demonstrou-se aumento da contração do músculo gastrocnêmio, uma clara indicação de como a cafeína pode ser usada para aumentar o desempenho em algumas atividades físicas. As alterações eletrocardiográficas observadas após a administração de cafeína estiveram relacionadas principalmente ao aumento da frequência cardíaca e do consumo de energia.

Relações entre autoestima, autoeficácia e percepções sobre a escola em adolescentes em conflito com a lei / Relationships between self-esteem, self-efficacy and perceptions about school in adolescents in conflict with the law / Relaciones entre autoestima, autoeficacia y percepciones sobre la escuela en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley

Esse estudo buscou conhecer a percepção de adolescentes em conflito com a lei sobre aspectos pessoais e variáveis escolares. Participaram 69 jovens do sexo masculino que cumpriam medida socioeducativa, com idades entre 12 a 20 anos, que responderam ao Questionário da Juventude Brasileira. 93,2% dos participantes já foram reprovados e 58,9% foram expulsos da escola. No entanto, apresentaram médias elevadas na relação com esta instituição (M= 3,06; DP=1,06), em sua Autoestima (M=3,90; DP=0,83) e Autoeficácia (M= 3,23; DP=0,67). Apesar dos altos níveis de reprovação e expulsão, aspectos pessoais e relação com a escola foram satisfatórios. O investimento em políticas públicas para superação da precariedade dos contextos em que vivem poderá beneficiá-los em função da capacidade de resiliência identificada.

This study aimed to know the perception of adolescents in conflict with the law on personal aspects and school variables. Participants were 69 male adolescents who underwent socio-educational measures, aged between 12 and 20 years, who answered the Brazilian Youth Questionnaire. 93.2% of the adolescents had already failed school and 58.9% had been banned from school. However, they showed high means concerning their relationship with school (M=3,06; SD=1,06), self-esteem (M=3,90; SD=0,83) and self- efficacy (M=3,23; SD=0,67). Despite the high levels of school failure and expulsion, personal aspects related to school were satisfactory. Investments in public policies to overcome the precarious contexts in which they live may benefit them due to the resilience capacity identified.

Este estudio buscó conocer la percepción de adolescentes en conflicto con la ley sobre aspectos personales y variables escolares. Participaron 69 jóvenes del sexo masculino que cumplían medida socioeducativa, con edades entre 12 a 20 años, que respondieron al Cuestionario de la Juventud Brasileña. El 93,2% de los participantes ya fueron reprobados y el 58,9% fueron expulsados. Sin embargo, presentaron medias elevadas en la relación con la escuela (M=3,06, DP=1,06), en Autoestima (M=3,90, DP=0,83) y Autoeficacia (M=3,23; DP=0,67). A pesar de los altos niveles de reprobación y expulsión, aspectos personales y relación con la escuela fueron satisfactorios. La inversión en políticas públicas para superar la precariedad de los contextos en que viven podrá beneficiarse en función de la capacidad de resiliencia identificada.

Percepção de enfermeiros de unidades de internação clínica sobre a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem / Nurses' perception about Systematization of Nursing Assistance in clinical units / Percepción del enfermero sobre la sistematización de assistencia de enfermería en unidades clínicas

Objetivo: identificar a percepção dos enfermeiros de unidades de internação clínica sobre a importância da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem para o planejamento da assistência. Método: Estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado após aprovação do comitê de ética em pesquisa, em um hospital universitário de Porto Alegre. Resultados: foram entrevistados 18 enfermeiros. A análise temática dos dados revelou as seguintes áreas: Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem: Conhecimento e Aplicação na prática profissional: dificuldades encontradas. Conclusão: apesar das comprovações científicas de sua eficiência, a implementação da SAE necessita superar as limitações impostas pela falta de compreensão do papel do enfermeiro em sua prática assistencial. O aprimoramento científico torna-se imperativo no desenvolvimento de atitudes e habilidades direcionadas a um cuidado ético e responsável.(AU)

Objective: identify the perception of the nurses of clinical hospitalization units about the importance of Nursing Care Systematization for care planning. Method: Descriptive, qualitative study, carried out after approval of the research ethics committee, at a university hospital in Porto Alegre. Results: 18 nurses were interviewed. The thematic analysis of the data revealed the following areas: Systematization of Nursing Assistance: Knowledge and Application in professional practice: difficulties encountered. Conclusion: despite the scientific evidence of its efficiency, the SAE implementation needs to overcome the limitations imposed by the lack of understanding of the role of nurses in their care practice. The scientific improvement becomes imperative in the development of attitudes and abilities directed towards an ethical and responsible care.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar la percepción de las enfermeras de las unidades de hospitalización clínica sobre la importancia de la sistematización de la atención de enfermería para la planificación de la atención. Método: Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado después de la aprobación del comité de ética de la investigación, en un hospital universitario de Porto Alegre. Resultados: se entrevistó a 18 enfermeras. El análisis temático de los datos reveló las siguientes áreas: Sistematización de la asistencia de enfermería: conocimiento y aplicación en la práctica profesional: dificultades encontradas. Conclusión: a pesar de la evidencia científica de su eficiencia, la implementación de SAE debe superar las limitaciones impuestas por la falta de comprensión del papel de las enfermeras en su práctica de atención. La mejora científica se vuelve imperativa en el desarrollo de actitudes y habilidades dirigidas hacia un cuidado ético y responsable.(AU)

Prevalence of Gingival Recession in Dental Students from the Federal University of Juiz de Fora - Brazil / Prevalencia de Recesión Gingival en Estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora - Brasil

ABSTRACT: Gingival recessions are characterized by partial denudation of the root surface due to apical displacement of the gingival margin from the amelocemental junction and may be localized or generalized. The aim of this study was evaluate the prevalence of gingival recession and dentine hypersensitivity of dental students of Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. Were examined 80 students with on average age of 22.9, randomly selected to assess the prevalence, level of gingival recession and the presence of dentinal hypersensitivity. Fifty students had at least one gingival recession and dentine hypersensitivity was observed in 28 students. Buccal surface was the most prevalent (86.6 %), with measures mostly between 1 and 2 mm (92 %) and classified as Class I Miller (96.25 %). The pre-molars were the group most frequently affected teeth (37.35 %). Gingival recession with small measures is a very common condition in young patients.

RESUMEN: Las recesiones gingivales se caracterizan por una denudación parcial de la superficie radicular debido al desplazamiento apical del margen gingival, desde la unión amelocemental y puede ser localizada o generalizada. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de la recesión gingival y la hipersensibilidad dentinaria en estudiantes de Odontología de la Universidad Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brasil. Se examinaron 80 estudiantes con una edad promedio de 22,9, seleccionados al azar para evaluar la prevalencia, el nivel de recesión gingival y la presencia de hipersensibilidad dentinal. En cincuenta estudiantes se observó al menos una recesión gingival y se reportó hipersensibilidad a la dentina en 28 estudiantes. La superficie oral fue la más prevalente (86,6 %), con medidas principalmente entre 1 y 2 mm (92 %) y clasificada como Clase I Miller (96,25 %). Los premolares fueron el grupo de dientes afectados con mayor frecuencia (37,35 %). La recesión gingival con medidas pequeñas es una condición muy común en pacientes jóvenes.