Verificação da contaminação e forma de armazenamento de escovas dentais em um grupo de adolescentes de uma escola da rede privada de ensino / Verification of toothbrushes contamination and the way of storing them in a teenagers? group of a private school

Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo é conhecer a forma de armazenamento de escovas dentais e verificar/identificar a presença de alguns tipos de bactérias em escovas dentais de adolescentes. Este estudo laboratorial teve caráter exploratório. A amostra de conveniência foi constituída por 12 adolescentes de 15-16 anos de idade, alunos de uma escola privada do Ensino Médio da cidade de Duque de Caxias/RJ; CEP: 0111.0.317.000-11. Método: As escovas dentais foram acondicionadas em envelopes esterilizados e levadas ao Laboratório Multidisciplinar da UNIGRANRIO, onde foram inoculadas em tubos de ensaio contendo meio de cultura Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) e incubadas a 37°C por 48 horas. Em seguida, a cultura crescida no caldo foi repicada para os meios de cultura Agar Sal Manitol e Agar Eosina-Azul-de-Metileno (Teague), e incubada a 37°C por 48 horas. Foram realizadas provas para identificar espécies do gênero Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp e Citrobacter sp. Resultados e conclusões: A análise dos dados foi realizada através de estatística descritiva, por meio de tabelas: 58% dos estudantes armazenavam a escova no armário do banheiro, 42 % sobre a pia do banheiro e apenas um utilizava a capa protetora na escova dental. As escovas dentárias utilizadas pelos adolescentes apresentaram-se contaminadas, independentemente de sua forma de armazenamento, ficando evidente a necessidade da educação continuada quanto aos cuidados relacionados à contaminação e ao armazenamento das escovas no grupo estudado

Introduction: The aim of this study is to know the way of storing toothbrushes and to verify/identify the presence of some types of bacteria in teenagers? toothbrushes. This laboratory study had an exploratory character. The convenience sample was constituted by 12 teenagers (15-16 years old), who were students of a private high school in Duque de Caxias, a city in the state of Rio de Janeiro; CEP: 0111.0.317.000-11. Method: The toothbrushes were put in sterilized envelopes and were taken to the Multidisciplinary Laboratory of UNIGRANRIO, where they were inoculated in test tubes that contained Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture medium, and they were incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. After that, the culture which was grown in the broth was distributed in Mannitol Salt Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (Teague) culture media and was incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. Tests were done to identify species of the genus Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter sp e Citrobacter sp. Results and conclusion: The analysis of the data was done by means of descriptive statistics, making use of tables: 58% of the students stored the toothbrush in the bathroom medicine cabinet, 42% of them let it on the wash basin and only one of them used a protective toothbrush cover. The toothbrushes used by the teenagers were contaminated, independently of the way of storing them, which made evident the necessity of continued education about the cares related to the storing of toothbrushes and to their contamination in the group studied

Prevalência de cárie dentária em crianças de um Programa de Atenção inicial e sua relação com Streptococcus mutans / Prevalence of dental caries in children from an Early Attention Program and its relation with Streptococcus mutans

Introdução: A cárie dentária é uma doença crônica de caráter multifatorial, envolvendo os fatores determinantes: microbiota, dieta inadequada, hospedeiro susceptível e tempo. Essa doença é um importante problema de saúde pública, tanto em países industrializados como naqueles em desenvolvimento. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar a prevalência de cárie em crianças na faixa etária de três a cinco anos de idade, que participaram de um programa de atenção precoce e verificar a relação com a presença de Streptococcus mutans (SM). Métodos: Fizeram parte do estudo cento e trinta e duas crianças que compareceram para as revisões agendadas anteriormente, no período de dezembro de 2010 a novembro de 2011. Após o estabelecimento dos critérios de diagnóstico para a cárie dentária, 10 crianças com as mesmas características que não fizeram parte da amostra foram examinadas e reexaminadas num intervalo de 1 semana pelo autor da pesquisa, obtendo um valor de Kappa de 0.95. A amostra de saliva foi Coletada com auxílio de swab estéril, inserido gentilmente na boca da criança. O material Coletado foi processado no laboratório multidisciplinar da Unigranrio. Os níveis salivares de SM foram categorizados em escores: escore 1: <105/ml saliva (baixa colonização); escore 2: >105 e <106/ml (colonização média); escore 3: >106/ml (colonização alta). As crianças não deveriam ter usado antibiótico nos últimos trinta dias. Conclusão: A prevalência de cárie no estudo foi de 15,9%, e existe relação com a presença dos SM. Em relação aos escores, ocorreu associação apenas na idade de 5 anos.

Introduction: Dental caries is a chronic disease presenting a multifactorial character and involving at least four determinant factors: microbiota, inadequate diet, host susceptibility and time. This disease is still an important public health problem, both in industrialized and under development countries. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the dental caries prevalence and presence of Streptococcus mutans (SM) in children aged three to five years of age attending an early attention and prevention program. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two children who attended previously scheduled revisions from the prevention program during December 2010 to November 2011 were included in this study. After application of diagnostic criteria for dental caries, 10 children with the same characteristics that were not part of the sample were examined and re-examined with a 1 week interval by the main author, with a resulting Kappa value of 0.95. The saliva sample was collected with the aid of sterile swab inserted gently in the child's mouth. The material collected was processed in the multidisciplinary laboratory of Unigranrio University. The MS salivary levels were categorized into scores: score 1 - 105/ml saliva < (low colonization); 2 score - 105 and 106 > </ml (average colonization); 3 score - 106/ml > (high colonization). Children were not to have used antibiotic in the past thirty Days of the saliva sampling. Conclusion: The prevalence of dental caries in the study was 15.9%, and there was no relationship with the prevalence of caries and MS presence. In relation to the scores, association between these two variables only occurred at the age of 5 years.

Effectiveness of implant surface decontamination using a high-pressure sodium bicarbonate protocol: an in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a high-pressure sodium bicarbonate spray protocol to decontaminate implant surfaces intentionally inoculated with bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty commercially pure titanium implants, 10 with machined surfaces and 10 with rough surfaces, were inoculated with Streptococcus sanguis and then submitted to a decontamination protocol using a high-pressure sodium bicarbonate spray device for 1 minute under aseptic conditions. RESULTS: After the application of the decontamination protocol, all bacterial cells were removed from the tested implants, regardless of surface roughness. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that regardless of the implant surface roughness, the protocol using high-pressure sodium bicarbonate spray for 1 minute, under aseptic conditions, was effective in removing all the viable bacterial cells.

Evaluation of implant-abutment microgap and bacterial leakage in five external-hex implant systems: an in vitro study.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to verify the presence of a microgap between implants and prosthetic abutments on their external surfaces in five different external-hex implant systems and to determine whether bacterial leakage occurs through the implant-abutment (I-A) interface. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten samples of each implant system were used. Eight samples of each implant system were inoculated with 0.3 µL of a suspension of Escherichia coli for bacterial leakage evaluation. Two other samples were used as controls. Sample analysis was accomplished at 24 and 48 hours and on the 5th, 7th, and 14th day after inoculation. After microbiologic analysis, all samples were prepared for I-A interface evaluation by scanning electron microscopy. The mean of the microgap misfit was obtained from six points at x1,000 and x3,000 magnifications. RESULTS: The Neodent implant system (0.51 ± 0.39 µm) showed the closest adaptation, followed by Dentoflex (1.44 ± 0.73 µm), Titanium Fix (1.88 ± 1.28 µm), SIN (2.46 ± 3.38 µm), and Conexão (2.68 ± 3.02 Μm). Twenty-five percent of the Dentoflex samples showed bacterial leakage through the I-A interface; no other implant system presented bacterial leakage. CONCLUSION: The width of the microgap at the I-A interface was less than 3 µm in all systems. A direct correlation between bacterial leakage and I-A interface misfit was not observed.