Tomographic evaluation of dentoskeletal changes due to the treatment of class II malocclusion with Forsus appliance.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated dentoalveolar skeletal changes promoted by the Forsus appliance, associated to fixed orthodontic appliance, in the correction of Class II, division 1 malocclusion, from Computed Tomography (CT). METHODS: sample consisted of 10 youngsters (7 males and 3 females), with a mean age of 13.86 years. Two Forsus® models were installed after the alignment and leveling phase of the teeth. Two tomographic images of each patient, T1 and T2 (initial and immediately after removal of Forsus® appliance) were done to perform the anatomical tracings and obtain the variables of interest. The data were described by means and standard deviations. For the comparison between the initial and final phases, the paired "t" test was used and a significance level of 5% was considered (p < 0.05). RESULTS: small skeletal changes were observed, such as posterior maxillary displacement and a slight mandibular growth. Larger dentoalveolar changes occurred as extrusion, retrusion and lingualization of upper incisors; Intrusion, protrusion and vestibularization of the lower incisors; Mesialization and extrusion of lower molars. CONCLUSION: Considering the patients evaluated in this study, Forsus® presented similar results to other mandibular propulsion appliances, with dentoalveolar effects that favored Class II correction, however, with very slight skeletal modifications.

Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Anatomical Assessment of the Olfactory Fossa.

This study aimed to investigate the olfactory fossa according to the Keros classification using cone beam computed tomography. This cross-sectional study analysed cone beam computed tomography images selected from a database belonging to a radiology centre. The scans of 174 healthy patients were analysed by using the Xoran software. Gender, age, and side were correlated with the Keros classification. The mean age of the 174 patients was 45.3 years. The most prevalent Keros classification was type II (65.52%), followed by type III (20.69%) and type I (13.79%). No significant differences were found between Keros classification and the variables age, right side (p value = 0.4620), and left side (p value = 0.5709). There were also no significant differences between gender and the variables right side (p value = 0.1421) and left side (p value = 0.2136). Based on these results, we suggest that cone beam computed tomography can be recommended for analysis of the anterior skull base. Keros type II was the most prevalent type in our sample.

Subjective analysis of the application of enhancement filters on magnetic resonance imaging of the temporomandibular joint.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of enhancement filters on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). STUDY DESIGN: In total, 66 MRI scans of the TMJ were analyzed without filtration and with the application of 2 filters: Sharpen 1 and Sharpen 2 (OnDemand software). Two dentomaxillofacial radiologists examined the original and filtered images individually. Intra- and interobserver concordance was measured by using generalized estimating equations. The observers evaluated the subjective image quality and the visibility of 3 components of the TMJ: disk, condyle, and articular eminence. The images were ranked on a 4-point scale, from poor to excellent. The image quality of all filtered images was compared by using the χ2 test and Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: Intra- and interobserver concordance was good. The images filtered with Sharpen 1 and Sharpen 2 provided better definition of the structures compared with nonfiltered images, providing the highest scores for subjective image quality for all structures (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of enhancement filters led to improved subjective quality and may improve the diagnostic efficacy of MRI in TMJ evaluation.

Agenesis of all permanent maxillary incisors: A rare clinical case with an interdisciplinary solution.

BACKGROUND: Clinical cases involving agenesis of all four maxillary incisors are rare, with no previous reports in the literature. CASE REPORT: The present case report describes an orthodontic treatment combined with esthetic dentistry in a 10-year-old girl with agenesis of all four permanent maxillary incisors, anterior crossbite, permanence of deciduous maxillary canines and transmigration of permanent maxillary canines into the region of the maxillary central incisors. For this case, it was decided on space closure using a fixed orthodontic apparatus and reshaping of the first premolars transforming them into canines. Porcelain veneers were used on the permanent and deciduous canines, substituting the maxillary central and lateral incisors, respectively. Regarding outcome, there was an improvement in facial profile, correction of the anterior crossbite, satisfactory intercuspidation of the teeth and significant esthetic improvement in smile. Maintaining the patient´s natural dentition also kept the bone plate intact for future placement of implants to substitute maxillary deciduous canines at the appropriate age. CONCLUSIONS: Interdisciplinary planning combining orthodontics and esthetic dentistry was key in resolving this case. Key words:Tooth agenesis, upper incisors, orthodontic treatment.

O efeito de diferentes níveis de PH em soluções de flúor a 1, 1% na corrosão de arcos NITI / The effect of different PH levels on fluoride solutions at 1. 1% on corrosion of NITI archs

Objetivo: Determinar o pH crítico para ocorrer a corrosão de arcos NiTi em soluções de flúor a 1,1%, variando o pH de 3,5 a 7,0. Materiais e Métodos: Doze amostras com 10mm de comprimento de fio superelástico NiTi 0017 x 0025 (Abzil), obtidas do segmento distal dos arcos. As amostras foram aleatoriamente separadas e imersas dentro de recipientes contendo 40ml de seis soluções (água, soluções fluoretadas com pH: 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0; 6,5 e 7,0), sob uma mesa agitadora durante 90 minutos. Todas as amostras foram, então, levadas ao MEV. As imagens das amostras imersas em água e soluções fluoretadas com pH 7,0, 6,5 e 6,0 não se apresentaram diferentes, no entanto a partir da solução fluoretada com pH 5,5, as imagens superficiais apresentaram características diferentes dos grupos anteriores. Conclusão: Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, o pH crítico para corrosão de arcos NiTi em soluções de flúor a 1,1% parece estar entre 6,0 e 5,5

Objective: To determine the critical pH to occur corrosion of NiTi arches in 1.1% fluoride solutions by varying the pH between 3.5 and 7.0. Materials and Methods: Twelve samples of 10 mm length superelastic NiTi wire 0017 x 0025 (Abzil) obtained in the distal segment of the arcs. The samples were randomly separated and immersed in 40 ml of six solutions (water, fluoride solutions with pH: 3.5; 4.0; 4.5; 5.0; 5.5; 6.0; 6.5 and 7.0) under a shaker table for 90 minutes. All samples were observed under SEM. The images of the samples immersed in water and fluoride solutions at pH 7.0, 6.5 and 6.0 did not show differences, however from the fluoride solution at pH 5.5, the surface characteristics of images presented differences from above groups. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study the critical pH for corrosion of NiTi arches in fluoride solutions to 1.1% appears to be between 6.0 and 5.5

Analysis on the precision of the dimensions of self-ligating brackets.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the precision of the torque applied by 0.022" self-ligating brackets of different brands, the precision of parallelism between the inner walls of their slots, and precision of their slot height. Eighty brackets for upper central incisors of eight trademarked models were selected: Abzil, GAC, American Orthodontics, Morelli, Orthometric, Ormco, Forestadent, and Ortho Organizers. Images of the brackets were obtained using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and these were measured using the AutoCAD 2011 software. The tolerance parameters stated in the ISO 27020 standard were used as references. The results showed that only the Orthometric, Morelli, and Ormco groups showed results inconsistent with the ISO standard. Regarding the parallelism of the internal walls of the slots, most of the models studied had results in line with the ISO prescription, except the Morelli group. In assessing bracket slot height, only the Forestadent, GAC, American Orthodontics, and Ormco groups presented results in accordance with the ISO standard. The GAC, Forestadent, and American Orthodontics groups did not differ in relation to the three factors of the ISO 27020 standard. Great variability of results is observed in relation to all the variables.

Espessura do esmalte interproximal e largura mesiodistal de incisivos inferiores / Mesiodistal width and proximal enamel thickness of lower incisors

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a espessura de esmalte das faces proximais dos incisivos inferiores, e comparar as mensurações da largura mesiodistal obtidas nas radiografias e nos modelos de gesso, para cada incisivo inferior. Para isso, 29 pacientes que estavam em tratamento ortodôntico tiveram os modelos de gesso e as radiografias periapicais mensuradas na largura mesiodistal, realizada com paquímetro digital na altura do ponto de contato. A espessura de esmalte também foi mensurada nas radiografias periapicais utilizando o mesmo método, nas faces mesiais e distais. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se os testes Anova two-way e Tukey, com nível global de significância de 5%. O teste de Tukey demonstrou que os incisivos laterais inferiores (32 e 42) apresentavam largura mesiodistal maiores, quando comparados aos incisivos centrais (31 e 41). Para a espessura de esmalte nas faces proximais, não houve diferença estatística (p > 0,05) para interação dente X face proximal (p=0,953), e para o fator dente (p=0,102), no entanto, para fator face proximal demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significante (p=0,00). O teste de Tukey apontou que as faces distais apresentam maior espessura de esmalte (0,79 mm) quando comparados às faces mesiais de esmalte (0,71 mm). Pôde-se concluir que: 1) o método de mensuração da largura mesiodistal através de modelo de gesso ou de radiografias periapicais apresentam resultados estatisticamente semelhantes; 2) os dentes 32 e 42 apresentam maior largura mesiodistal do que os 31 e 41; e 3) tanto para os incisivos laterais quanto para os incisivos centrais, a face distal apresenta maior espessura de esmalte...

This study aimed to evaluate measurements the enamel thickness of the proximal surfaces in lower incisors and to compare the measurements of the average-distal width obtained on radiographs and dental casts for each incisor. Twenty-nine patients who were undergoing orthodontic treatment. Both plaster models as in periapical radiographs to measure the mesiodistal width was performed with a digital caliper at the time of the contact point. The thickness of enamel was measured on periapical radiographs using the same method, both the mesial, the distal surface of each incisor. Data were analyzed using two-way Anova and Tukey, with global significance level of 5%. The Tukey test showed that the lower lateral incisors (32 and 42) have higher mesiodistal width when compared to the central incisors (31 and 41). For the thickness of enamel in proximal faces no statistical difference (p > 0.05) for tooth X proximal face interaction (p=0.953) and for the tooth factor (p=0.102), however, compared to proximal factor showed a difference statistically significant (p=0.000). The Tukey test showed that the distal faces have thicker enamel (0.79 mm) compared to the mesial faces of enamel (0.71 mm). It can conclude that: 1) the method of measuring mesiodistal width through the plaster model or periapical radiographs are statistically similar results; 2) the tooth 32 and 42 have higher mesiodistal width of the 31 and 41; 3) for lateral incisors and central incisors, the distal face has greater thickness of enamel...

Avaliação da influência de diferentes tratamentos de superfície na resistência de união ao cisalhamento entre zircônia Y-TZP e o cimento resinoso / Influence of different surface treatments on shear bond strength between zirconia Y-TZP and resin cement

OBJETIVOS:1a etapa: validar teste de cisalhamento utilizando um novo dispositivo de padronização através da comparação dos valores de resistência de união (RU) entre a zircônia com dois tratamentos de superfície e um cimento resinoso, aos resultados obtidos com testes de cisalhamento convencional e microcisalhamento; 2a etapa: avaliar o efeito dos primers metálicos à base de MDP por meio da RU entre zircônia Y-TZP e diferentes tipos de cimentos resinosos (de ativação química, duais e auto-adesivo); 3a etapa: avaliar o efeito de dois lasers Nd:YAG e Er:YAG e do jateamento com óxido de alumínio (JAT) na superfície da zircônia Y-TZP antes da sua sinterização final e da abrasão triboquímica mais silano (controle positivo) após a sinterização final, por meio da resistência à flexão (RF), rugosidade superficial (RS) e RU; 4a etapa: avaliar a estabilidade da união entre a zircônia e um cimento resinoso com um primer à base de MDP e de um laser de alta potência após a termociclagem. Os tratamentos superficiais utilizados nesta etapa foram escolhidos com base nos resultados da 2a e 3a etapas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: para os testes de RU foram confeccionados corpos de prova de Y-TZP com dimensões 6x6x3mm, e para o teste de RF 2,5x4,5x20 mm. Para 1a etapa os tratamentos de superfície foram JAT+Signum Ziconia Bond (SZB Heraeus), abrasão triboquímica foi realizada Rocatec (ROC 3M Espe), o silano utilizado foi RelyX Ceramic Primer (3M Espe) e os cimentos resinosos: Panavia F (Kuraray), NX3 (Kerr), seT (SDI), Multilink (Ivoclair). Durante a 3a etapa a abrasão triboquímica foi realizada ROC, o laser Nd:YAG (Power Laser ST6, Lares Research - 1,2W, 10 Hz) e Er:YAG (Kavo Key II, KaVo Co. - 120 mJ, 6 Hz). O teste de cisalhamento com dispositivo de padronização foi o método de avaliação da RU utilizado para as 2a, 3a e 4a etapas. Os dados dos testes de RU, RG foram analisados pela ANOVA e Tukey (=0,05) e RF por Kruskall-Wallis (=0,05). RESULTADOS: 1a etapa: pelo teste de microcisalhamento os materiais se comportaram da seguinte forma: JAT+SZB>ROC>CO, sendo que para os outros dois testes de cisalhamento o seguinte ranqueamente foi obtido: JAT+SZB=ROC>CO. 2a etapa: o SZB apresentou maiores valores de RU para todos os cimentos quando comparados aos grupos controle. O ZP aumento os valores para o cimento Panavia F e NX3. Já o AP aumentou os valores para o cimento seT. 3a etapa: para o teste de RU o JAT e Er:YAG resultaram em valores similares ao ROC, sendo que Nd:YAG resultou em maiores valores comparado ao ROC. Quando avaliados por RS: Nd:YAG>Er:YAG>JAT>ROC; já para RF: ROC>JAT=Nd:YAG= Er:YAG. 4a etapa: Após o teste de cisalhamento os seguinte ranqueamento foi obtido: Nd:YAG 24h>Nd:YAG termociclado=SZB 24h>SZB termociclado. CONCLUSÕES: Uma vez que o teste de cisalhamento com dispositivo de padronização mostrou resultados similares ao teste de cisalhamento convencional pode ser um método viável para avaliação da RU. O tratamento com Nd:YAG antes da sinterização final se mostrou efetivo nos valores de RU.

OBJECTIVES: first stage: validate shear test using a new device for standardized by comparing the values of bond strength (BS) with conventional shear test and microshear test, between zirconia and a resin cement with two surface treatments. Second stage: evaluate the effect of metal primers based on MDP by BS between YTZP and different types of resin cements. Third stage: evaluate Y-TZP surface treatments effect of two lasers (Nd:YAG and Er:YAG) and two sandblasting procedures, with Al2O3 (JAT) before final sintering and tribochemical slicatization after the final sintering, through the flexural resistance (FR) surface roughness (SR) and BS. Fourth stage: evaluate the bonding stability between zirconia and resin cement using a MDP-based primer or a high power laser, after thermal cycling. MATERIAL AND METHODS: BS Y-TZP specimens were prepared with dimensions of 6x6x3mm, and for FS test with 2,5x4,5x20 mm. In the first stage the surface treatments of the specimens were JAT+ Signum Ziconia Bond (SZB - Heraeus), tibochemical silicatization using Rocatec (ROC - 3MEspe) and control (CO - without treatment). In the second stage the primers used were Alloy-Primer (AP - Kuraray), SZB, Z-Prime Plus (ZP - Bisco), and the resin cements: Panavia F (Kuraray), NX3 (Kerr), set (SDI), Multilink (Ivoclair). During the third stage the tribochemical silicatization was perfomed using ROC. The shear bond strength device standardized was used to evaluate the BS of second, third and fourth stage. Test data for BS, SR were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test ( = 0.05) and FS by Kruskall-Wallis test ( = 0.05). RESULTS: first Stage: the microshear test groups behave as follow: JAT+SZB> ROC>CO, and for the other two shear tests following the ranking were obtained: JAT+SZB=ROC>CO. Second stage: the SZB showed higher BS for all cements when compared to control groups. The ZP values increased for Panavia F and NX3. AP values increased only for the seT cement. Third stage: BS values for JAT and Er:YAG were similar to ROC, and Nd:YAG was higher compared to the ROC. When evaluated by SR: Nd:YAG> Er:YAG>JAT> ROC, while for FS: ROC> JAT = Nd:YAG = Er:YAG. Fourth stage: after the shear test the following ranking was obtained: Nd:YAG 24h> Nd:YAG thermocycled = SZB 24h> SZB thermocycled. CONCLUSIONS: shear bond strength test with standardized device showed similar result to the conventional shear bond strength, and it can be considered a viable method for evaluating the BS. Treatment with Nd:YAG before the final sintering was effective in BS.

Effect of dentifrices against hydrochloric acid-induced erosion.

PURPOSE: This in vitro investigation assessed whether different dentifrices would be capable of controlling the enamel erosion progression caused by HCl. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty bovine enamel slabs were covered with acid-resistant varnish, except for a 2.5-mm2 circular area on the labial surface. According to a complete block design, the experimental units were immersed in HCl solution (pH 1.2; 0.1M). After storage in artificial saliva for 1 h, specimens (n = 15) were exposed to different dentifrices: Sensodyne Cool Gel (1100 ppm F), Sensodyne ProNamel (1450 ppm F), and PrevDent 5000 (5000 ppm F). The control group was immersed in deionised water. Following five cycles of erosive challenge, the slabs were prepared for porosity evaluation using solutions of copper sulfate and rubeanic acid. RESULTS: ANOVA demonstrated no difference in the enamel porosity as a function of the dentifrice employed (P = 0.5494). CONCLUSION: The damage caused by a simulated intrinsic erosive challenge seems unable to be controlled by fluoridated dentifrices, even when this ion is found in elevated concentrations.

O alcance dos LEDs quanto à profundidade de polimerização de resinas compostas / The reach oi the LED units on the curing depth of campasite resins

Objetivo: Verificar a profundidade de polimerização, por meio da microdureza Knoop (KHN), de quatro resinas compostas fotoativadas por cinco aparelhos diferentes. Materiais e métodos: Foram confeccionados corpos-de-prova em forma de barra (2x3x6mm, n=5) utilizando os seguintes compósitos: Charisma/Heraeus Kulzer (CH), Filtek Z250/3M ESPE (FZ), TetricCeram/lvoclar Vivadent (TC) e TPH/Dentisply (TP). Cada corpo-de-prova foi fotoativado por 40s pelos seguintes aparelhos: Bluephase/lvoclar Vivadent (BP), Elipar Freelight 213M ESPE (EF), Flashlite/Discus Dental (FL), Ultra-Iume LED 5/Ultradent (UL) e XL 2500/3M ESPE (XL). Após 24h, KHN foi determinada em uma das faces laterais do corpo-de-prova, em seis medidas de profundidade a partir da face irradiada: 0,2; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0; 4,0 e 5,Omm. Os dados foram analisados pela ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). A KHN relativa de cada material foi calculada. Resultados: Para a resina CH, o aparelho UL garantiu uma dureza semelhante à obtida na superfície até 2,Omm de profundidade (36±2), enquanto que para a resina TP este aparelho garantiu essa dureza até 4,Omm de profundidade (39±4). Para FZ e Te, não houve diferença estatística entre as médias obtidas até 2,0 e 1,Omm de profundidade, respectivamente. Para FZ, as maiores médias foram obtidas com os aparelhos BP(59± 12), UL(58± 13), FL(57± 12) e XL(56± 15). E para Te, as maiores médias foram alcançadas com UL(40± 10) e BP(40± 14). Em 5,Omm as resinas, independentemente do aparelho, apresentaram uma redução de aproximadamente 40% na dureza. Conclusão: Até 2,Omm o grau de polimerização foi semelhante ao obtido na superfície irradiada para a maioria das resinas e aparelhos testados.

Objective: To verify the curing depth in terms of Knoop microhardness (KHN) of four commercial composite resins photoactivated by five different curing units. Materiais and methods: Bar-shaped specimens were built (2x3x6mm, n=5) using the following composites: Charisma/Heraeus Kulzer (CH), Filtek Z250/3M ESPE (FZ), TetricCeram/lvoclar Vivadent (TC) and TPH/Dentisply (TP). Each specimen was photoactivated for 40s by the subsequent curing units: Bluephase/lvoclar Vivadent (BP), Elipar Freelight 213M ESPE (EF), Flashlite/Discus Dental (FL), Ultra-Iume LED 5/Ultradent (UL) and XL 2500/3M ESPE (XL). After 24h, KHN was measured in one lateralsurface of the specimen at six depth measurements from the irradiated surface: 0.2; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 e 5.0mm. The data was submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p<0.05). The relative KHN of each material was calculated. Results: For CH, UL guaranteed similar microhardess as the obtained at the irradiated surface until 2.0mm of depth (36±2), while for TP; this unit guaranteed this microhardess until 4.0mm of depth (39±4). For FZ and Te, there was no statistical difference between the means obtained until 2.0 and 1.0mm of depth, respectively. For FZ, higher means were achieved by BP(59± 12), UL(58± 13), FL(57± 12) and XL(56± 15) units. For TC, higher means were obtained by UL(40± 10) and BP(40± 14) units. At 5.0mm of depth, the resins showed a reduction of approximately 40% in microhardness, irrespective of the curing unit. Conclusion: Until 2.0mm the degree of curing was similar as the obtained at the irradiated surface for the most composite resins and curing units tested.

Prótese parcial fixa adesiva com sistema Targis-Vectris: relato de caso clínico / Adhesive prosthesis with Targis-Vectris system: case report

É comum notar nos dias de hoje o rápido aumento entre as opções de materiais odontológicos disponíveis para tratamentos odontológicos reabilitadores, o que muitas vezes confunde os clínicos com relação à escolha de algum material. Desta forma é necessário conhecer as indicações e contra indicações, assim como vantagens e desvantagens dos novos materiais e elucidar as possibilidades desta escolha. Com o intuito de ilustrar a utilização de uma destas opções, apresentamos um caso clínico utilizando prótese parcial fixa adesiva livre de metal realizada com o sistema Targis-Vectris

Nowadays it has been common to notice a growing number of dental materials available for treatment which could confuse dentists regarding the selection of some of them. This way it is necessary to know well the advantages and disadvantages of these new materials and to elucidate the possibilities of this option. Having in mind the intention of illustrating the use of one of these options, we presented a clinical case using adhesive prosthesis metal free made of Targis-Vectris system

Resistência ao cisalhamento de dois sistemas de união em dentina após remoção do colágeno / Shear bond strengthof two dentin adhesive after collagen removal

O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a resistência de união ao cisalhamento de dois sistemas adesivos dentinários após a remoção do colágeno. Quarenta incisivos bovinos foram incluídos em resina acrílica quimicamente ativada e suas superfícies aplainadas com lixas de granulação 180, 320, 400 e 600 até exposição de dentina. Os dentes foram divididos em 4 grupos de acordo com o procedimento adesivo: Grupos 1 e 2 –condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 35% e aplicação do sistema adesivo Prime & Bond 2. 1 (Dentsply); Grupos 3 e 4 -condicionamento com ácido fosfórico 35% e aplicação do sistema adesivo Gluma One Bond (Heraeus Kulzer). Os Grupos 2 e 4 – após o condicionamento ácido foi aplicado hipoclorito de sódio 10% durante 1 minuto antes do procedimento adesivo. Sobre a área de união em todas as amostras foi confeccionado um cilindro com resina composta Z100 (3M ESPE). A resistência de união foi verificada através do teste de cisalhamento, realizado em máquina de ensaiouniversal Instron a velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. As médias de resistência de união ao cisalhamento foram: Grupo 1 : 6,29 + 1,05 MPa; Grupo 2 : 5,57 + 0,97 MPa ; Grupo 3 : 4,58 + 0,92 MPa e Grupo 4: 6,51 + 1,24 MPa. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação prévia de hipoclorito de sódio não causou alteração estatisticamente significante para o Prime & Bond 2. 1 (p>0,05). Já para o Gluma One Bond a aplicação de hipoclorito de sódio aumentou os valores de resistência de união à dentina (p< 0,05)