Acetaminophen-traces bioremediation with novel phenotypically and genotypically characterized 2 Streptomyces strains using chemo-informatics, in vivo, and in vitro experiments for cytotoxicity and biological activity.

We isolated two novel bacterial strains, active against the environmental pollutant acetaminophen/Paracetamol®. Streptomyces chrestomyceticus (symbol RS2) and Flavofuscus (symbol M33) collected from El-Natrun Valley, Egypt-water, sediment, and sand samples, taxonomically characterized using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Genotypic identification, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis followed by BLAST alignment, were deposited on the NCBI as 2 novel strains https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM665324  and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OM665325 . The phylogenetic tree was constructed. Acetaminophen secondary or intermediate product's chemical structure was identified by GC/LC MS. Some selected acetaminophen secondary-product extracts and derived compounds were examined against a panel of test micro-organisms and fortunately showed a good anti-microbial effect. In silico chemo-informatics Swiss ADMET evaluation was used in the selected bio-degradation extracts for absorption (gastric), distribution (to CNS), metabolism (hepatic), excretion (renal), and finally not toxic, being non-mutagenic/teratogenic or genotoxic, virtually. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxic activity of these selected bio-degradation secondary products was examined against HepG2 and MCF7 cancer cell lines, where M33 and RS2 extract effects on acetaminophen/paracetamol bio-degradation products were safe, with higher IC50 on HepG2 and MCF7 than the acetaminophen/paracetamol IC50 of 108.5 µg/ml. Moreover, an in vivo oral acute single-dose toxicity experiment was conducted, to confirm these in vitro and in silico lower toxicity (better safety) than acetaminophen/paracetamol.

Event-triggering control scheme for discrete time Cyberphysical Systems in the presence of simultaneous hybrid stochastic attacks.

Industry Revolution 4.0 pushes the industry to digitize all its operations. Cyberphysical Systems (CPSs), such as autonomous automobile systems and medical monitoring are examples of this revolution. However, as these systems are interconnected via the Internet, they become more vulnerable to cyber-attacks and in particular, stealthy attacks. Cyber attacks could affect the operations of CPS and cause physical damages before any indication. So, there is a need to design a secure control system to withstand in these circumstances. In this article, an event-triggering control scheme is designed for discrete time CPSs contain random delays in measurements and actuation signals and subject to simultaneous hybrid distributed denial of service (DDoS) and deception attacks. The cyber attacks are designed as Bernoulli distributed white sequences with conditional probabilities that are variable. Moreover, An event-triggering control scheme is proposed for decreasing the communication overhead in the system, such that the measurements' signals are sent when a selected triggering condition is met. An observer based control is designed to maintain the stability of the CPS under all possible scenarios of single or hybrid simultaneous attacks in the forward and or backward communication. Linear matrix inequalities are used to represent the overall control scheme. At the end, two illustrative examples are presented and discussed to show the effectiveness of the presented scheme.

Neuro-adaptive output feedback control of the continuous polymerization reactor subjected to parametric uncertainties and external disturbances.

This paper proposes an adaptive neural network based output feedback backstepping fast terminal sliding mode control (NN-BFTSMC) for continuous polymerization reactor with external disturbances and parametric uncertainties. Firstly, neural networks (NN) are employed to approximate the uncertain nonlinear functions. Next, the average molecular weight and the reactor temperature tracking controllers are designed based on the finite-time NN-BFTSMC. In addition, the NN-BFSMC effectively estimates and compensates the upper bounds of the external disturbances. Moreover, the chattering effect is eliminated without losing the robustness accuracy. The finite-time stability of the closed-loop system is proved by Lyapunov theory. At last, numerical simulations and comparative studies are introduced to illustrate the superior performance of the proposed method.

A New Septum in the Female Breast.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the female breast fascial system is of paramount importance in breast surgery. Little was written about breast ligaments. Most articles refer to Cooper's work without further anatomical studies. Lately, a horizontal septum has been described conveying nerves and vessels to the nipple areola complex. METHODS: During the surgical dissection of the lower part of the breast, in supero-medial technique for breast reduction operations, a fascial septum between the lower two quadrants was detected. This fibrous septum was studied through anatomic dissection of breast tissues during routine breast reshaping procedures that was done on 30 female patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively in all cases and correlated with the intraoperative findings. In the other five cases, outside the clinical study, the imaging was done during routine investigation for breast swellings. RESULTS: A vertical septum was identified in the lower part of the breast, lying at the breast meridian between the two lower quadrants. It is a tough bi-laminated structure that extends from the middle of the infra-mammary crease caudally to nipple-areola complex cranially and from the pectoral fascia posteriorly to the overlying skin anteriorly. This was proved by MRI findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes a new inferior vertical septum which separates the lower half of the breast into two definite anatomical compartments: medial and lateral.

A New Septum in the Female Breast

BACKGROUND: Understanding the female breast fascial system is of paramount importance in breast surgery. Little was written about breast ligaments. Most articles refer to Cooper's work without further anatomical studies. Lately, a horizontal septum has been described conveying nerves and vessels to the nipple areola complex. METHODS: During the surgical dissection of the lower part of the breast, in supero-medial technique for breast reduction operations, a fascial septum between the lower two quadrants was detected. This fibrous septum was studied through anatomic dissection of breast tissues during routine breast reshaping procedures that was done on 30 female patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed preoperatively in all cases and correlated with the intraoperative findings. In the other five cases, outside the clinical study, the imaging was done during routine investigation for breast swellings. RESULTS: A vertical septum was identified in the lower part of the breast, lying at the breast meridian between the two lower quadrants. It is a tough bi-laminated structure that extends from the middle of the infra-mammary crease caudally to nipple-areola complex cranially and from the pectoral fascia posteriorly to the overlying skin anteriorly. This was proved by MRI findings. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes a new inferior vertical septum which separates the lower half of the breast into two definite anatomical compartments: medial and lateral.

Event-triggered output feedback control for distributed networked systems.

This paper addresses the problem of output-feedback communication and control with event-triggered framework in the context of distributed networked control systems. The design problem of the event-triggered output-feedback control is proposed as a linear matrix inequality (LMI) feasibility problem. The scheme is developed for the distributed system where only partial states are available. In this scheme, a subsystem uses local observers and share its information to its neighbors only when the subsystem's local error exceeds a specified threshold. The developed method is illustrated by using a coupled cart example from the literature.

Using OPC technology to support the study of advanced process control.

OPC, originally the Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) for Process Control, brings a broad communication opportunity between different kinds of control systems. This paper investigates the use of OPC technology for the study of distributed control systems (DCS) as a cost effective and flexible research tool for the development and testing of advanced process control (APC) techniques in university research centers. Co-Simulation environment based on Matlab, LabVIEW and TCP/IP network is presented here. Several implementation issues and OPC based client/server control application have been addressed for TCP/IP network. A nonlinear boiler model is simulated as OPC server and OPC client is used for closed loop model identification, and to design a Model Predictive Controller. The MPC is able to control the NOx emissions in addition to drum water level and steam pressure.

A Subcutaneous Alar Base (SCAB) flap to restore symmetry of the ala in primary cleft-lip nose repair.

Primary surgical correction of cleft-lip nose deformity is now well accepted. Despite various surgical techniques proposed, perfect nasal symmetry has not been persistently attained. The main reason is that the maxillary deficiency is frequently overlooked.This paper presents 62 cases of unilateral cleft lip repaired over the last 20 years by using the author's modification of the Millard primary lip nose repair. Each of these patients had a minimum follow-up of 1 year (range 1-12 years).The technique consists of raising a small subcutaneous alar base flap (SCAB) from the nasolabial region. The flap is turned over like a book page to add bulk to the deficient maxilla and to elevate the depressed ala. It also controls alar rotation and permits its permanent fixation to the anterior nasal spine.The results show that this modification has improved the alar contour and symmetry in patients undergoing primary cleft-lip nasal repair. There was minimal increase in the operating time and the final scar is similar to the original Millard technique.