[Antimicrobial activity of blood phagocytes in patients with tuberculosis and respiratory sarcoidosis]. / Antimikrobnaia aktivnost' fagotsitov krovi u bol'nykh tuberkulezom i sarkoidozom organov dykhaniia.

Examination of 82 patients has revealed that pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by a considerable increase in the antimicrobial activity of phagocytes: the drastic elevation of the plasma level of neutrophilic elastase and the changes opposite in direction in the phagocytic content of nonenzymatic cation proteins and myeloperoxidase. There is evidence for that the activation of circulating phagocytes is much less pronounced in patients with respiratory sarcoidosis. The significantly less plasma activity of neutrophilic elastase and the significantly greater phagocytic values of cation proteins suggest that the synthesis of secretion products prevails over their degranulation in sarcoidosis. It has been shown that the simultaneous determination of nonenzymatic cation proteins and myeloperoxidase in the phagocytes of patients allows the diagnosis to be established in 33.3% of cases.

[Carbohydrate metabolism in long treated children and adolescents with respiratory tuberculosis]. / Sostoianie uglevodnogo obmena u dlitel'no lechennykh detei i podrostkov s tuberkulezom organov dykhaniia.

Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in 53 children and adolescents long treated for respiratory tuberculosis with preserving signs of its progression. The blood levels of cortisole, thyroxine, triiodothyronine were concurrently measured. Glucose tolerance impairments by the hypoglycemic type was found in 32.3 of the children and in 27.3% of the adolescents after long-term treatment for respiratory tuberculosis. Moreover, there was an increase (or an increasing trend) in the fasting plasma concentration of immunoreactive insulin. Latent carbohydrate metabolic disturbances are attended by high and low blood levels of cortisole and triiodothyronine, respectively.

[Markers of alteration of tissue structures as indicators of pulmonary tuberculosis activity]. / Markery al'teratsii tkanevykh struktur kak pokazateli aktivnosti tuberkuleza legkikh.

Some indices that reflect the damaging processes in the cells and tissue structures have been found in 152 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and in those with inactive lung tissue changes. There is evidence for that increases in the activity of plasma 5'-nucleotidase, ceruloplasmin/transferrin ratio and the appearance of free radical compounds in the plasma are accompaniments of active pulmonary tuberculosis. It is found that the greatest changes in these parameters are, the more acutely the disease runs, the more pronounced an exudative component in the general picture of inflammation is. If there are positive changes in these indices during combined therapy, the activity of 5'-nucleotidase becomes normal just after 5-6 months, and the values of other indices tends to normalize after treatment termination. A combined determination of the ceruloplasmin/transferrin ratio and the plasma levels of free radical compounds allows the activity of a tuberculous process to be established in 70% of cases.

[Serum neutrophil elastase and activity of its inhibitors in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Elastaza neitrofilov v syvorotke krovi i aktivnost' ee ingibitorov u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The paper presents the results of determination of some parameters that characterize the proteolytic and phosphohydrolase activities of neutrophils, as well as the levels of plasma inhibitors of neutrophilic elastase in 76 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Evidence is provided that the pretreatment activity of serum neutrophilic elastase and the levels of neutrophilic cationic proteins and alkaline phosphatase are increased in the patients. There is a trend for these parameters to become normal during effective treatment. It has been ascertained that the activity of the major elastase inhibitor, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor, is much enhanced in patients with acute and subacute pulmonary tuberculosis, but is the same as the normal vales in patients with torpid tuberculosis.

[Leukocyte elastase in blood plasma from tuberculosis patients and its role in disturbances of blood coagulation regulatory processes]. / Elastaza leikotsitov v plazme krovi bol'nykh tuberkulezom i ee rol' v narushenii reguliatsii protsessov svertyvaniia krovi.

UNLABELLED: 53 patients with lung tuberculosis were divided in 3 groups in accordance with severity of disease. Leukocyte elastase, cationic proteins in neutrophils, activities of alpha 1-proteinase and alpha 2-macroglobulin were determined in patients' plasma. Thromboelastographic, coagulating, fibrinolytic indices, and antithrombin III activity were also determined in 28 patients of all 3 groups. Results demonstrated the high level of leukocyte elastase (6-fold more than normal) in plasma of patients with acute tuberculosis process. This group of patients demonstrated activation of intravascular coagulation proceeded on the background of significant decrease (up to 60%) of AT III activity. CONCLUSION: Acuity and severity of tuberculosis process in lung may be characterized by high activity of leukocyte elastase. Degranulating activity of neutrophils and releasing of elastase are the reason of AT III deficiency and increasing of intravascular coagulating activity in tuberculosis patients.

[Carbohydrate metabolism in children with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Sostoianie uglevodnogo obmena u detei s tuberkulezom organov dykhaniia.

Examining carbohydrate metabolism in 59 children with pulmonary tuberculosis ascertained that to get tuberculosis naturally resulted in lower tissue sensitivity to insulin and in hyperinsulinemia. Effective treatment of children improves carbohydrate metabolism. However, there is no normalization of carbohydrate metabolism even in clinical cure.

[Intravascular activation of hemostatic system and DIC syndrome in pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Vnytrisosudistaia aktivatsiia sistemy gemostaza i DVS-sindrom pri tuberkuleze legkikh.

The paper summarizes his own findings and literature data on the status of the hemostatic system in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. It discusses various terms used to designate intravascular coagulation and variants of this process in patients with tuberculosis.

[Hemostasis disorders in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Narusheniia v sisteme gemostaza u bolnykh tuberkulëzom lëgkikh.

Coagulation studies in 82 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis showed that latent intravascular coagulation occurs not only in patients with active disease, but also in those with marked residual changes. The level of Cl-esterase inactivator may serve as an indicator of the disease prognosis: if its concentration is low, the prognosis is poor. Total fibronectin was measured in 76 patients with different tuberculosis activity. The results suggest that this protein's blood levels reflect the activity of the specific process in the lungs. Normal fibronectin concentrations indicate cure of tuberculosis.

[State of the hemostasis system in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing endobronchial laser therapy]. / Sostoianie sistemy gemostaza u bolnykh tuberkulezom legkikh pri éndobronkhialnoi lazernoi terapii.

Blood coagulation has been studied in 59 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis running in association with nonspecific endocarditis following a course of endobronchial laser (He-Ne or CO2 units) radiation. The treatment resulted in intensification of intravascular hemocoagulation. On after-treatment month 5-8 hemostatic disorders in the above patients were less manifest than in matched patients treated with antibacterial drugs combined with standard endobronchial therapy.

[Arteriovenous differences in the state of the hemostasis system of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Arteriovenoznoe razlichie v sostoianii sistemy gemostaza u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The process of intravascular hemocoagulation in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis proved to occur both in the microcirculatory bed of systemic circulation and within the organs, in the microvasculature of the affected lung. Enhanced antithrombin III uptake during intravascular hemocoagulation occurring within the organs in the patients and its insufficient reproduction in the vascular bed of the pulmonary circulation are the most important mechanisms responsible for imbalance in the hemostatic system. It has been concluded that the effective influence on the main focus of a specific lesion during the preoperative management of patients and the improvement of liver function will increase the effectiveness of prevention of thrombohemorrhagic complications in the surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

[The hemostatic system in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during their preparation for surgery]. / Sistema gemostaza u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh v period ikh podgotovki k operatsii.

The basic mechanisms responsible for equilibrium impairment in the hemostatic system in pulmonary tuberculosis patients are reduced activity of antithrombin III and disturbances of platelet functional capacities. These changes were proved to reflect the course of intravascular hemocoagulation whose degree of manifestation is related directly to the extent of specific lesions in the lungs and intoxication phenomena. The process of intravascular hemocoagulation in tuberculosis patients runs in the presence of an increased concentration of plasma fibronectin , while major surgery performed in patients with fibrous-cavernous processes leads to its reduced level. It is pathogenetically proved to use antithrombin III concentrate preparations with anti- and dysaggregatory properties, fibronectin preparations, trasylol or its analogs during complex preoperative preparation of patients.

[The use of a concentrate of antithrombin III and disaggregants in the preoperative preparation of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Primenenie kontsentrata antitrombina III i dezagregantov v predoperatsionnoi podgotovke bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

A study of the blood coagulation system in 32 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis before surgical intervention showed that reduction of the antithrombine III activity and related enhancement of the thrombin formation reaction and suppression of deaggregation capacities of thrombocytes reflect the latent process of pathological intravascular blood coagulation. The authors suggest justification of restoring the reduced antithrombine blood capacitance and normalization of the deaggregation capacity of thrombocytes by means of the antithrombine III concentrate and disaggregants in the complex preoperative care.

[Thrombohemorrhagic and acute circulatory complications of the surgical treatment of tuberculosis]. / Trombogemorragicheskie i ostrye distsirkuliatornye oslozhneniia khirurgicheskogo lecheniia tuberkuleza.

The results of a number of studies on the hemostasis system in pulmonary tuberculosis patients are presented, and the analysis of pathophysiological processes of great importance in the development of intravascular hemocoagulation is made. It is clearly proved that an indispensable condition for the development of a complex of measures to increase the effectiveness of preventive treatment of thrombohemorrhagic and acute dyscirculatory complications after surgical management of tuberculosis patients is to define concrete biochemical mechanisms fundamental for intravascular hemocoagulation when certain hemostatic abnormalities occur during operation.

[Functional activity of thrombocytes in patients with post-tuberculosis spinal osteochondrosis complicated by pain syndrome]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' trombotsitov u bol'nykh posttuberkuleznym osteokhondrozom pozvonochnika, oslozhnennym bolevym sindromom.

It was found that in patients with attenuated tuberculous spondylitis and post-tuberculous vertebral osteochondrosis there was a sharp increase in platelet aggregability and a decrease in their disaggregability at the peak of the pain syndrome. With the therapy followed by relief of the pain syndrome, a rise in the platelet aggregability was significantly less noticeable, without significant changes in their disaggregability.

[Blood coagulation function in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at the stages of surgical treatment]. / Sostoianie gemokoaguliatsii u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh na étapakh khirurgicheskogo lecheniia.

The results of studying the coagulative properties of blood in 25 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis before surgical operations and at the stages of the postoperative period are presented. It was shown that, unlike the patients mainly with processes of productive nature and insignificant extent of the specific process, the patients with extended fibrocavernous tuberculosis of the lungs even before the operations were characterized by markedly increased thrombin formation. During surgical operations the hemocoagulation impairments in such patients could be aggravated up to development of coagulopathy.