Autocompasión como moderador entre apreciación corporal y estilos de alimentación en mujeres adultas emergentes / Self-compassion as a moderator between body appreciation and eating styles in emerging adult women

Resumen: Antecedentes: El ideal de belleza asociado a la delgadez es un factor relevante en la conformación de la imagen corporal y en la conducta alimentaria, lo que hace necesario identificar recursos psicológicos que promuevan conductas alimentarias sanas, particularmente en mujeres. Objetivo: examinar la relación entre apreciación corporal, alimentación intuitiva y estilos de alimentación maladaptativos (contextual, emocional y restrictivo), y el rol de la autocompasión en esas relaciones. Método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional en el que participaron 740 mujeres, entre 18 y 30 años, quienes respondieron las escalas de Apreciación Corporal (BAS-2), Alimentación Intuitiva (IES), Conducta Alimentaria (DEBQ) y Autocompasión (SCS). Se emplearon regresiones moderadas para examinar el rol de la autocompasión en la interacción de apreciación corporal con alimentación intuitiva y patrones de alimentación. Resultados: La apreciación corporal y la autocompasión se relacionaron positivamente con alimentación intuitiva y negativamente con la alimentación emocional y externa. La autocompasión tuvo un rol moderador en la interacción entre apreciación corporal y alimentación intuitiva (β=.006, ES=,0056), emocional (β=-,09, ES=,004), y externa (β=-,007, ES=,003), pero no con alimentación restrictiva (β=-,022, ES=,004). Conclusión: Estos hallazgos confirman el rol amortiguador de los recursos psicológicos, en específico, de la autocompasión, en la influencia que ejerce una baja apreciación corporal en los estilos de alimentación desadaptativos y también informan sobre la importancia de los recursos psicológicos para el manejo de las presiones sociales sobre la imagen corporal en las mujeres jóvenes.

Abstract: Background: The ideal of beauty associated with thinness challenges body image and eating behavior, particularly in young women, thus to identify psychological resources that promote healthy eating behavior can be helpful. Objective: to examine the relationship between body appreciation, intuitive eating and maladaptive eating styles (contextual, emotional and restrictive), and the role of self-compassion in these relationships. Method: descriptive-correlational study in which 740 women, between 18 and 30 years old, answered the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS-2), Intuitive Eating (IES-2), the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). Regressions and Moderation Analyses were used to examine the role of self-compassion in the interaction of body appreciation, intuitive eating and eating behaviors. Results: Body appreciation and self-compassion were positively related to intuitive eating and negatively to emotional and external eating. Self-compassion played a moderating role in the interaction between body appreciation and intuitive eating (β = ,006, ES = ,0056), emotional (β = -,09, ES = ,004), and external (β = -,007, ES = ,003), but not with restrictive eating (β = -,022, ES = ,004). Conclusion: These findings confirm the buffering role of psychological resources, specifically, self-compassion, in the influence that low body appreciation exerts on maladaptive eating styles, and also shed light of the importance of psychological resources to manage social pressures to the body image in young women.

Congenital chagas disease: Development and assessment of a specific IgM capture-based assay for diagnosis of transmission.

Transplacental transmission by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) infection can be effectively treated if parasiticide drugs are administered as early as possible during childhood. Furthermore, an ideal situation would be to diagnose the infection near birth in order to avoid the loss of patients during the subsequent follow-up. These situation are desirable due to the maximum benefit of drugs in early stages which, consequently, implies a relevant contribution to eliminate mother-to-child transmission. However, available techniques for that purpose have limitations as being operator-dependent (microhematocrit), require several months follow-up (IgG detection) or specialized laboratories (PCR). In this study we propose to detect specific IgM antibodies (Ab) by developing a capture-based ELISA employing an improved antigen (Ag) to diagnose the transplacental transmission of T. cruzi, and in consequence, to enhance access to effective treatment. Firstly, a new chimera Ag (CP4) was obtained from the fusion of CP1 and CP3 protein, carrying FRA, SAPA, MAP, TSSAII/V/VI and TcD Ag from T. cruzi. Then, we optimized the assay by capturing IgM Ab with a polyclonal anti-IgM Ab and evaluating three Ag formulations to detect specific IgM bound. The formulations were formed as follows: i) F1: CP1 and CP3; ii) F2: CP1, CP3, B13 and P2ß; iii) F3: by CP4. Detection of Ab-binding Ag was carried out using an anti-His Ab since all Ag were expressed with a His-tag. The evaluation panel consisted of sera from vertically infected children under 1-year-old (6 younger than 15 days, 7 older) and samples from non-infected children of women with chronic Chagas Disease. The ELISA assay employing CP4 showed better performance with notable high sensitivity and specificity (92.3% and 93.9%, respectively). Positive and negative likelihood ratios of the test (15.2 and 0.082) suggest its potential clinical relevance in term of post-test probability of infection. In conclution, we developed a standardized and non-operator dependent test to detect specific anti-T. cruzi IgM Ab. Although increased sample size is needed for its validation, our results indicate that this capture-based technique employing CP4 Ag can certainly improve the diagnosis of connatal infection.

Consumo de líquidos en adultos mayores chilenos / Beverage consumption in chilean older adults

INTRODUCCIÓN: Una buena hidratación de los adultos mayores, además de una óptima salud, permite una buena función de transporte de nutrientes y de equilibrio de líquidos. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar el consumo de agua y líquidos en adultos mayores chilenos. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, realizado en adultos mayores autónomos, de ambos sexos. Los participantes se seleccionaron por conveniencia en la Región Metropolitana. A cada uno se le realizo una evaluación nutricional, basada en medidas antropométricas y se les aplico una encuesta de consumo cuantificada y adaptada para determinar la ingesta de líquidos. RESULTADOS: Se evaluaron a 539 adultos mayores, 53,4% corresponde a mujeres, el promedio de edad es de 70,9 ± 6,4 años, y el 54,9 % de ellos presenta mal nutrición por exceso. Respecto al consumo de líquidos, el promedio es de 1656,2 ml/día, el mayor consumo corresponde al té con un 89,4%, seguido de leche 62,7% y bebidas carbonatadas 58,6%. Respecto a las diferencias por sexo, las mujeres presentan un mayor consumo de café, bebidas carbonatadas, leche y agua, y en el caso de los hombres, un mayor consumo de té. El consumo de leche y agua de hierbas es mayor en adultos mayores sobre los 80 años de edad. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo promedio de líquidos en los adultos mayores es inferior al recomendado, los líquidos más consumidos por ellos para hidratarse son; el té, jugos, mate, agua potable, leche y bebidas carbonatadas

INTRODUCTION: Good hydration of the elderly, in addition to optimal health, allows a good function of nutrient transport and fluid balance. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the consumption of water and liquids in Chilean elderly. METHODS: Descriptive study, conducted in autonomous elderly, of both sexes. Participants were selected for convenience in the Metropolitan Region. To each one a nutritional evaluation was carried out, based on anthropometric measures and a quantified and adapted consumption survey was applied to determine the fluid intake. RESULTS: They were evaluated at 539 elderly, 53.4% correspond to women, the average age is 70.9 ± 6.4 years, and 54.9% of them have excess malnutrition by excessive calories intake. Regarding the consumption of liquids, the average is 1656.2 ml / day, the highest consumption corresponds to tea with 89.4%, followed by 62.7% milk and 58.6% carbonated drinks. Regarding the differences by sex, women have a higher consumption of coffee, carbonated drinks, milk and water, and in the case of men, a higher consumption of tea. The consumption of milk and herbal water is higher in elderly over 80 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: The average of liquid consumption of elderly is lower than recommended, the liquids most consumed by them to hydrate are tea, juices, mate, drinking water, milk and carbonated drinks

Colgajo lingual de base anterior para cierre de fistula palatina anterior / Retalho lingual de base anterior para fechamento de fístula palatina anterior / Closure of anterior palatal fistula by anterior base lingual flap

Introdução: Fístulas oro-nasais são as sequelas mais comuns após o reparo falho da fissura palatina primária, gerando problemas funcionais e emocionais para as pessoas que sofrem desta complicação. Fístulas grandes são difíceis de fechar e podem exigir retalhos de grande comprimento, largura e profundidade, sendo o retalho lingual de base anterior uma das opções de retalho mais bem sucedidas para fechamento devido às semelhanças com tecidos locais. e sua vascularização abundante, havendo taxas significativamente menores de recorrência da fístula após a cirurgia. Relato de caso: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o caso de um paciente previamente diagnosticado com fissura labiopalatina que tem história de seis procedimentos cirúrgicos malsucedidos que apresentaram resultados satisfatórios após a realização deste procedimento. Considerações finais: Ao longo dos anos, foi demonstrado que o retalho de língua é confiável e fácil de obter, devido à vascularização abundante e à grande quantidade de tecido que este órgão fornece para o reparo de fístulas maiores que 5 mm, formadas por complicações pós-cirurgia para fechamento de fenda palatina ou tentativas anteriores de fechamento de fístula com diferentes tipos de técnicas. A flexibilidade do retalho, juntamente com a técnica, a qualidade e a quantidade de tecido, tornam este procedimento de escolha para o fechamento das fístulas palatinas anteriores... (AU)

Introduction: Oro-nasal fistulas are the most common complication after the failed repair of the primary cleft palate, creating functional and emotional problems to people with this issue. Large fistulas are difficult to close and may require flaps with great length, width and depth, the anterior base lingual flap is one of the most successful options for fistula closure due to the similarities with local tissues, great vascularization and significantly lower fistula recurrence rates of the after surgery. Case Report: The objective of this article is to present the case of a patient previously diagnosed patient with cleft lip and palate with six previous unsuccessful surgical procedures on the palate, this patient presented satisfactory results after undergoing tongue flap surgery. Final Considerations: Over the years it has been shown that the lingual flap is reliable and easy to obtain, due to the abundant vascularization and large amount of tissue that this organ provides for the repair of fistulas larger than 5mm that are formed by complications post surgery either for cleft palate closure or previous attempts at fistula closure with different types of techniques. The flexibility of the flap, together with the technique, quality and quantity of tissue make this procedure of choice for the closure of anterior palatine fistulas... (AU)

Introduccioón: Las fístulas oro-nasales son las secuelas más comunes posteriores a la reparación fallida de paladar hendido primario, generando problemas funcionales y emocionales a las personas que padecen esta complicación. Las fístulas de gran tamaño son difíciles de cerrar y pueden requerir de tejido adyacente de gran longitud, ancho y profundidad para su cierre, siendo el colgajo lingual de base anterior una de las opciones más exitosas para cierre de la misma debido a sus similitudes con los tejidos locales y su abundante vascularización, existiendo tasas significativamente menores de recidiva de la fístula después de la cirugía. Descripción del Caso: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el caso de un paciente previamente diagnosticado con labio y paladar hendido que presenta antecedente de seis intervenciones quirúrgicas en paladar sin éxito que presentó resultados satisfactorios tras someterse a este procedimiento. Consideraciones Finales: Con el paso de los años se ha demostrado que el colgajo lingual es confiable y fácil de obtener, debido a la abundante vascularización y gran cantidad de tejido que este órgano proporciona para la reparación de fístulas mayores a 5mm que se forman por complicaciones posteriores a cirugía ya sea para cierre de paladar hendido o intentos previos de cierre de fístula con diferentes tipos de técnicas. La flexibilidad del colgajo, junto con la técnica, calidad y cantidad de tejido hacen que este procedimiento sea de elección para el cierre de fistulas palatinas anteriores... (AU)