RESUMO
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease that occurs mainly in children. It has several forms of clinical presentation. Early diagnosis is important for better results. A 17-year-old male patient presented with right sharp shoulder pain for 2 months. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the shoulder showed an expansile osseous lesion in the anterosuperior spine of the right scapula with significant edema that causes compression of the subscapular neurovascular bundle. A CT scan and X-rays were also performed. Overall, all the images suggested a lesion compatible with chondroblastoma; however, the pathology images documented a Langerhans cell histiocytosis with a mutation in the V600E/E2/D in the 15 exon of the BRAF gene. LCH is a difficult diagnosis, especially in cases where clinical presentation is not the most common. This case is unique as the lesion developed not only in the scapula which has a 3% prevalence in LCH, but also had radiographic and MRI characteristics of a chondroblastoma more than the typical LCH lesion. Additionally, it was accompanied by a BRAF V600E mutation which is uncommon in LCHs bone cases.
RESUMO
El uso de simuladores "fantomas" o fantoms ha demostrado ser de utilidad para la enseñanza de ultrasonido y particularmente para la enseñanza de técnicas de intervencionismo guiado por ecografía. Los fantomas se pueden conseguir comercialmente, aunque son costosos, o se pueden construir utilizando gelatina, lo cual es más económico. Construimos fantomas de gelatina para la instrucción de técnicas de intervencionismo y, como es natural, estos se deterioraron ostensiblemente con el uso debido a la falta de experiencia de los estudiantes. Por lo tanto, desarrollamos técnicas de reparación para rupturas grandes de la superficie, para el deterioro por el uso de agujas en repetidas ocasiones y finalmente para el deterioro ocasionado por crecimiento de microorganismos.
Ultrasound phantoms are useful for teaching ultrasound and particularly in the instruction of ultrasound guided techniques. They are commercially available, being expensive, or they can be inexpensively built using gelatin. We built gelatin phantoms for the instruction of ultrasound guided techniques and during the practice they deteriorated due to the apprentices lack of experience. We developed repair techniques for gross ruptures in the surface, for small dents resulting from multiple punctures and finally for the growth of microorganisms.
