RESUMO
The direct link between lipid metabolism alterations and the increase of cardiovascular risk are well documented. Dyslipidemias, including isolated high LDL-c or mixed dyslipidemia, such as those seen in diabetes (hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-c or low HDL-c), correlate with a significant risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease worldwide. This review analyzes the current knowledge concerning the genetic basis of lipid metabolism alterations, emphasizing lipoprotein lipase gene mutations and the HindIII polymorphism, which are associated with decreased levels of triglycerides and LDL-c, as well as higher levels of HDL-c. These patterns would be associated with decreased global morbidity and mortality, providing protection against cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.
RESUMO
La disfunción tiroidea subclínica es una alteración funcional de alta prevalencia en las consultas médicas de los centros de salud, observable solo mediante la realización de pruebas complementarias de laboratorios, caracterizadas por una elevación de la TSH mayor a 4.0mU/L ó menor a 0.4mU/L con valores normales de T3 y T4 libres, aunque existe la tendencia actual a la disminución de estos rangos de referencia según estudios epidemiológicos en cada población en particular; su tratamiento y control por el especialista son mandatorios en aquellos individuos con valores séricos de TSH superiores a 10mU/L ó menores de 0.1mU/L. La presente revisión bibliográfica tiene como propósito resumir los conocimientos actuales con relación a la prevalencia, factores de riesgo, diagnóstico, clasificación, tratamiento y seguimiento de las patologías incluidas en la disfunción tiroidea subclínica (hipotiroidismo e hipertiroidismo) y sus consecuencias sistémicas(AU)
Thyroid dysfunction is highly prevalent in the health consultation and it is only proven by laboratory essays, were TSH is higher than 4 mU/L, with a normal T3 and free T4; although there is a current tendency to take in account lower values depending of the epidemiological studies of each population. The diagnosis and treatment are mandatory in subjects with a TSH higher than 10 mU/L or lower than 0,1mU/L. This review has the purpose of summarizing the current knowledge of prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of hypo and hyperthyroidism, as well as their sistemic consequences(AU)
