RESUMO
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) representing the most common neoplasia of the kidney in Western countries is a histologic diverse disease with an often unpredictable course. The prognosis of RCC is worsened with the onset of metastasis, and the therapies currently available are of limited success for the treatment of metastatic RCC. Although gene expression analyses and other methods are promising tools clarifying and standardizing the pathological classification of RCC, novel innovative molecular markers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and for the monitoring of this disease during therapy as well as potential therapeutic targets are urgently needed. Using proteome-based strategies, a number of RCC-associated markers either over-expressed or down-regulated in tumor lesions in comparison to the normal epithelium have been identified which have been implicated in tumorigenesis, but never linked to the initiation and/or progression of RCC. These include members of the fatty acid binding protein family, which have the potential to serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers for the screening of RCC patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais/fisiopatologia , Proteínas de Transporte/análise , Neoplasias Renais/fisiopatologia , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Biomarcadores Tumorais/isolamento & purificação , Carcinoma de Células Renais/classificação , Carcinoma de Células Renais/patologia , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Proteínas de Transporte/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Primers do DNA , Progressão da Doença , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional/métodos , Proteínas de Ligação a Ácido Graxo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Rim , Neoplasias Renais/classificação , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Prognóstico , Valores de Referência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Urotélio/química , Urotélio/metabolismoRESUMO
An optimal antitumoral immune response requires the activation of both CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes by the peptide antigen presentation via the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II molecules, respectively. Downregulation or loss of HLA molecules has been found in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and provides a strategy of these tumors to evade T-cell mediated immunosurveillance. In addition, a tumor-specific upregulation of HLA-G has been recently described in RCC, which also leads to an impaired immune response. We here summarize the frequency of the constitutive and/or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inducible expression of nonclassical HLA class Ib antigens in RCC cell lines, surgically removed RCC lesions and normal kidney epithelium, the molecular characteristics of HLA-G expression, and its role in immune recognition.
