Desmoplastic Ameloblastoma-A Case Report.

Desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) is a rare variant of conventional ameloblastoma. It accounts for only 4%-13% of all ameloblastomas. DA was included in the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumors (WHO-2005) as a variant of ameloblastoma with specific clinical, imaging, and histological features. The desmoplastic variant of ameloblastoma usually appears in the anterior and premolar regions as a mixed radiolucent and radiopaque lesion, sometimes resembling a benign fibro-osseous lesion.Ameloblastoma is a locally aggressive tumor that may cause recurrence and in rare cases, malignant transformation with repeated postsurgical recurrences. In this paper, we present a case of a 28-year-old female with swelling in the left upper jaw, a biopsy of which turned out to be DA.

A Cross-Sectional Study to Find the Correlation between the Level of Fluoride in Drinking Water, Dental Fluorosis and Associated Risk Factors- A Original Research.

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the relationship between drinking water fluoride (F) levels, dental fluorosis dental caries, and associated risk factors in the elderly population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 50 patients aged 25-60 years, selected by stratified random sampling from different areas with different levels of naturally occurring F in drinking water. The patients were assessed for dental fluorosis according to WHO basic survey guidelines. The overall oral health status of the patients was assessed by decayed missing filled teeth DMFT index and the bacterial count of saliva was calculated using the Caries Risk Test (CRT). Statistical analysis was done using mean, standard deviation, standard error, Z-test, Mann-Whitney U Test, and Chi-square test. Results: The results of the present study revealed that the prevalence of fluorosis was 24%. The number of patients with dental fluorosis was highest in those who consumed water with high groundwater fluoride levels irrespective of the source of drinking water. Caries prevalence in the study population was about 5.56 ± 1.95. Conclusion: There was a moderate prevalence of fluorosis in patients, and caries prevalence is high in areas below optimal F areas. Caries prevalence and mean DMFT scores were least common in patients with optimal fluoride levels in drinking water and highest in those with below optimal fluoride in drinking water.

Prevalence of Candida among Denture Wearers and Nondenture Wearers.

Introduction: A denture wearer is highly prone to develop Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS) due to the conversion of the normal oral commensal Candida spp. into a pathogen under favorable conditions. Immuno-compromised status, trauma from the prosthesis, other systemic conditions, and improper maintenance of the dentures by the patient are few of the causative agents which turn the oral balance into an unhealthy and unsuitable foundation for the wearing of the prosthesis. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare subjects wearing complete dentures and nondenture wearers regarding Candida isolates associated with disease and colonization among the different age groups. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 60 subjects, 30 wearing complete dentures (Group-A) and 30 nondentures wearers (Group-B), were matched for gender, race, and age. The unstimulated saliva sample was collected and cultured in CHROMagar using standard protocols. Results: The mean value of the candidal colony-forming units with respect to Group A is Candida Albicans 0.36 ± 2.008, Candida krusei 0.27 ± 1.061, P value Group B: C. albicans 0.73 ± 2.196, C. krusei 0.36 ± 1.084. There was a significant relation between denture wearers and heavy growth of C. albicans and C. krusei in saliva culture with a P value of P-0.054 and P-0.036, respectively. Conclusions: These results indicate that denture wearers with oral Candida had a higher prevalence of CADS. Patients with removable prostheses should be informed about the importance of proper prosthesis and personal hygiene since dentures and age-related immunosuppression are both well-known risk factors associated with candidiasis development, the presence of yeast, even in healthy denture wearers, should be considered a risk factor for denture stomatitis that increases with the duration of denture use.

Stature Prediction by Comparing Maxillary and Mandibular Intercanine Width and Intermolar Width among Tamil Nadu Population.

Background: Teeth are one of the strongest hard tissues that can resist a variety of antemortem and postmortem insults and an important evidence in the field of medicolegal and forensics. In the identification of unknown human remains of the deceased, stature estimation is a preliminary investigation. Previously, the comparison of osteometry with odontometry in stature determination has been made. Similarly, an attempt is made to estimate stature using intercanine and intermolar width which may be a forensic tool in the future. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine stature using intercanine and intermolar width in the maxillary and mandibular arches and correlating to identify highly reliable parameter among the two. Further to evaluate the usefulness of odontometry in stature determination. Materials and Methods: Subjects for the study were recruited from the outpatient department of APDCH and students of APDCH. One hundred subjects were included in the study comprising fifty males and fifty females within the age group of 17-28 years as per inclusion criteria. Digital Vernier caliper for measuring intercanine width (cusp tips on either sides) and intermolar width (central fossa of 1st molar on either sides) on the study models and standard anthropometer for measuring the height of the subject (vertex to the floor). Results: Compared to other parameters, the maxillary intercanine distance is statistically significant to P = 0.05 with correlation value of 0.06 by Pearson correlation method. Conclusion: The data collected were subjected to statistical analysis and was found that out of the four selected odontometric parameters, maxillary intercanine width with a P = of 0.032 and Pearson correlation of 0.307 in Group 1 (males) were found to show a significant correlation with height. Regression analysis was done, and regression equations were derived. The following regression equation can be used to calculate the height of an individual, Group 1 (male) -Y = B+ Ax. Y = 135.5 + 0.947X (X - maxillary inter canine width). This method of stature prediction may be of relative importance but not of absolute certainty, thereby making it an adjunct to various other methods of stature prediction. Therefore, using odontometric parameters in combination improves the predictability of estimating stature rather than a single parameter.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of 0.2% Chlorhexidine, 2% LemonGrass Oil, and 2% Tea Tree Oil Mouth rinse on Salivary pH: An In vivo Study.

BACKGROUND: Mouthwashes containing essential oils are used in the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Lemongrass oil (LGO) belongs to a section of andropogen called cymbogam of the family germineae and from it, the LGO is extracted. Tea tree oil (TTO) is extracted from Melaleuca alternifolia leaves (Myrtaceae family). AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the pH of saliva before and after using LGO and TTO mouth rinse and to determine its relevance to the oral health status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A purposive sample of 90 participants aged between 26 and 38 years were included in the study. The PH before and after the use of the chlorhexidine, LGO, and TTO mouthwashes are noted using the GC PH strips and a comparative study was made. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Comparative analysis was made with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and found that the TTO gives a greater increase in salivary pH with a P = 0.001** (P < 0.05) which is found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study conducted shows beneficial effects of TTO and LGO mouth rinse. Further studies with larger samples may produce more reliable values.

Effect of Green Tea Extract Mouthrinse and Probiotic Mouthrinse on Salivary pH in a Group of Schoolchildren: An In Vivo Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of probiotic and green tea mouthrinse on salivary pH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted over a period of 1 month among 40 healthy schoolchildren aged between 6 and 8 years. The subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria were selected and randomly divided into two groups, namely probiotic and green tea groups. Salivary pH was recorded at baseline (0 day) and at the end of the specified time using GC pH strips. Statistical analysis was done using paired t test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: The comparison of mean pH scores for green tea showed that the pH of saliva was increased in the children after rinsing with green tea (6.00-7.60) and was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Similarly, when pre- and post-mean pH was compared in the probiotic group, the pH was found to be higher in the probiotic rinse group (5.60-7.20). The results were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The study conducted shows the beneficial effects of green tea in providing a alkaline environment, which is conducive to the oral health of children.

Comparative Evaluation of Xerostomia among Diabetic and Nondiabetic Subjects Wearing Complete Denture.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus represents a group of metabolic diseases that are characterised by hyperglycaemia due to a total or relative lack of insulin secretion and insulin resistance or both. Diabetes mellitus patients present with a higher susceptibility to infections due to a deficiency in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as a result of vascular alterations and neuropathies. An increased risk of infections has been observed in complete denture wearing subjects with xerostomia. The objective of this study was to compare diabetic and non-diabetic subjects wearing complete dentures regarding xerostomia of different age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 50 subjects, 25 with and 25 without a diagnosis of diabetes, were matched for gender, race, and age. RESULTS: In this study we intended to compare diabetic and non-diabetic subjects wearing complete dentures regarding xerostomia and we found that xerostomia was more associated with diabetic denture wearer group in comparison with the non-diabetic denture wearers with a significant P value of <0.05. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that xerostomia should be diagnosed and effectively managed before any complete denture therapy is initiated in diabetic denture wearing patients to improve the quality of life.

Dermatoglyphics and Their Relationship With Blood Group: An Exploration.

INTRODUCTION: Dermatoglyphics means the study of skin markings or patterns on fingers, hands, and feet. Dermatoglyphics is a heritable trait that is considered as a usual phenotype in criminology. Dermatoglyphics acts as a scientific method for identification of an individual and it is constant till demise. OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to correlate the dermatoglyphics and blood grouping of 150 dental students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pro forma was prepared on a durable white paper, rubber stamp ink pads were used for smearing each finger, imprints were taken, and each pattern of fingerprint was observed by powerful hand lens and recorded. Note was made of the sex, age, and ABO and Rh blood group for studying the relationship between types of fingerprints and relation to ABO and Rh blood type. Fingerprint was taken using the INK method as illustrated by Cummins and Mildo. Fingerprint patterns (loops, whorls, and arches) and blood data were collected. RESULTS: In this study, 38% of subjects belonged to O blood group followed by A, B, and AB, and 96.77% of subjects were Rh-positive and 3.23% were Rh-negative. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the association between distribution of dermatoglyphics, ABO, Rh blood group, and gender.

Knowledge and Awareness Toward Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention Among the Professional College Female Students.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women. The five most frequent cancers affecting women in India are breast, cervical, oral cavity, lung, and colorectal cancer. More women die from cervical cancer in India than in any other country. Cancers of major public health relevance such as breast, oral, cervical, gastric, lung, and colorectal cancer can be cured if detected early and treated adequately. The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening and prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 professional college female students to obtain information about their knowledge and attitudes on cervical cancer screening and prevention. RESULTS: In this study, we intended to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening and prevention among 100 professional college female students with a mean age of 18 years. All the respondents were single. Majority of the respondents were not aware about the cervical cancer, PAP smear testing, and human papillomavirus vaccine. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that most of the students participated in our study were not aware about the cervical cancer screening and prevention. Deaths resulting from cervical cancer are tragic as this type of cancer develops slowly, which is treatable and can be prevented through screening. Therefore, it is important that negative attitudes and gaps in knowledge should be addressed early before the women reach suitable ages for screening and vaccination.