Nanogels as novel drug nanocarriers for CNS drug delivery.

Nanogels are highly recognized as adaptable drug delivery systems that significantly contribute to improving various therapies and diagnostic examinations for different human diseases. These three-dimensional, hydrophilic cross-linked polymers have the ability to absorb large amounts of water or biological fluids. Due to the growing demand for enhancing current therapies, nanogels have emerged as the next-generation drug delivery system. They effectively address the limitations of conventional drug therapy, such as poor stability, large particle size, and low drug loading efficiency. Nanogels find extensive use in the controlled delivery of therapeutic agents, reducing adverse drug effects and enabling lower therapeutic doses while maintaining enhanced efficacy and patient compliance. They are considered an innovative drug delivery system that highlights the shortcomings of traditional methods. This article covers several topics, including the involvement of nanogels in the nanomedicine sector, their advantages and limitations, ideal properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug loading capacity, particle size, permeability, non-immunological response, and colloidal stability. Additionally, it provides information on nanogel classification, synthesis, drug release mechanisms, and various biological applications. The article also discusses barriers associated with brain targeting and the progress of nanogels as nanocarriers for delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system.

Nanoemulsions: A Better Approach for Antidiabetic Drug Delivery.

Conventional delivery of antidiabetic drugs faces many problems like poor absorption, low bioavailability, and drug degradation. Nanoemulsion is a unique drug technology, which is very suitable for the delivery of antidiabetic drugs. In recent years, the flaws of delivering anti-hypoglycaemic drugs have been overcome by choosing nanoemulsion drug technology. They are thermodynamically stable and also provide the therapeutic agent for a longer duration. Generally, nanoemulsions are made up of either oil-in-water or water-in-oil and the size of the droplets is from fifty to thousand nanometer. Surfactants are critical substances that are added in the manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Only the surfactants which are approved for human use can be utilized in the manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Generally, the preparation of emulsions includes mixing of the aqueous phase and organic phase and using surfactant with proper agitation. Nanoemulsions are used for antimicrobial drugs, and they are also used in the prophylaxis of cancer. Reduction in the droplet size may cause variation in the elastic and optical behaviour of nanoemulsions.

Application of a proanthocyanidin agent to improve the bond strength of root dentin treated with sodium hypochlorite.

AIM: The objective of this study was to analyze the application of PA agent that improves the bond strength of root dentin treated with NaOCl. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Group 1: root canals were irrigated using 0.9% isotonic saline as an irrigant (negative control); Group 2: root canals were irrigated using 5.25% NaOCl (positive control); Group 3: root canals were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by 10% sodium ascorbate for 10 minutes; Group 4: root canals were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by 5% PA for 10 minutes. All the canals were then coated with self-etch dentin bonding agent, filled with resin cement, stored for one day in water, and then cross sectioned into three slabs of 2-mm thickness that were prepared and tested for microtensile bond strength. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that 5.25% NaOCl caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the bond strength, but this can be reversed by 5% PA significantly more than the 10% sodium ascorbate.