Estado de los programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos en hospitales: resultados de una Encuesta Nacional 2022 en Perú

Introducción: Los programas de Optimización de Antimicrobianos (PROA) en Instituciones Sanitarias son una estrategia implementada en diversos países. El estudio: Nuestro objetivo fue realizar una encuesta electrónica en los establecimientos de salud que cuentan con servicios de hospitalización en el Perú. Hallazgos: Ciento setenta establecimientos (38.4%) respondieron la encuesta entre MINSA (90%), ESSALUD (4.2%), FFAA PNP (2.9%) y Privados (2.9%). Solo 49 (28.8%) contaba con PROA funcionando dentro de su institución. El 83.7% contaban con una Resolución directoral que respalda sus funciones y el 38.8% referían contar con un plan de actividades PROA. Los problemas más frecuentemente identificados son la falta de recursos humanos capacitados (24.6%), la falta de capacitación y asistencia técnica (13.1%) y la falla en la prescripción de antibióticos (11.5%). Conclusión: Es prioritario seguir fortaleciendo los PROA en hospitales en el corto plazo con actividades que estimulen el uso racional de antimicrobianos.

Background: The Antimicrobial Optimization Programs (PROA in Spanish) in Health Institutions are a strategy implemented in different countries. The study: Our objective was to carry out an electronic survey in health establishments that have hospitalization services in Peru. Findings: One hundred seventy establishments (38.4%) responded to the survey between MINSA (90%), ESSALUD (4.2%), Armed Forces PNP (2.9%) and Private (2.9%). Only 49 (28.8%) had PROA working within their institution. 83.7% had a Director Resolution that supported their functions and 38.8% reported having a PROA activity plan. The most frequent problems identified are the lack of trained human resources (24.6%), the lack of training and technical assistance (13.1%) and the failure to prescribe antibiotics (11.5%). Conclusion: It is a priority to continue strengthening the PROA in hospitals in the short term with activities that stimulate the rational use of antimicrobials.

Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin American Countries: First Steps of a Long Road Ahead.

BACKGROUND: Irrational antimicrobial consumption (AMC) became one of the main global health problems in recent decades. OBJECTIVE: In order to understand AMC in Latin-American Region, we performed the present research in 6 countries. METHODS: Antimicrobial consumption (J01, A07A, P01AB groups) was registered in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, and Peru. Source of information, AMC type, DDD (Defined Daily Doses), DID (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day), population were variables explored. Data was analyzed using the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) tool. RESULTS: Source of information included data from global, public, and private sectors. Total AMC was highly variable (range 1.91-36.26 DID). Penicillin was the most consumed group in all countries except in Paraguay, while macrolides and lincosamides were ranked second. In terms of type of AMC according to the WHO-AWaRe classification, it was found that for certain groups like "Reserve," there are similarities among all countries. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: This paper shows the progress that 6 Latin-American countries made toward AMC surveillance. The study provides a standardized approach for building a national surveillance system for AMC data analysis. These steps will contribute to the inclusion of Latin-America among the regions of the world that have periodic, regular, and quality data of AMC.

Point prevalence survey of antibiotic use in hospitals in Latin American countries.

BACKGROUND: Point prevalence surveys (PPSs) on antibiotic use are useful for understanding different aspects related to prescription patterns in hospitals. METHODS: An adaptation of the WHO methodology for a PPS on antibiotic use was applied. Hospital wards were divided into medical (MED), surgical (SUR), ICUs, gynaecology and obstetrics (GO), high-risk (HR) and mixed wards (MIX). A web application (RedCap©) through a mobile device was used for data collection. RESULTS: Between December 2018 and August 2019, 5444 patients in 33 hospitals in five countries were included (10 hospitals in Cuba, 7 in Paraguay, 6 in El Salvador, 5 in Mexico and 5 in Peru). Of these patients, 54.6% received at least one antibiotic, with variations between and within hospitals and countries. Antibiotics were more frequently used in ICUs (67.2%), SUR (64.5%) and MED wards (54.2%), with 51.2% of antibiotics prescribed for community-acquired infections (CAIs), 22.9% for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), 11.1% for surgical prophylaxis and 6.1% for unknown reasons. Adherence to guidelines was observed in 68.6% of cases (72.8% for CAIs, 72.4% for HAIs and 44.3% for prophylaxis). Third-generation cephalosporins were the class of antibiotics most frequently used (26.8%), followed by carbapenems (10.3%) and fluoroquinolones (8%). Targeted treatments were achieved in 17.3% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic use was generally higher than that published in other studies. There is an urgent need to promote and strengthen the antimicrobial stewardship programmes in Latin America.