Is "Clack" Enough? Rib Remodeling Guided by Ultrasound.

Rib remodeling is a surgical technique that allows waist contouring in women and men. This study proposes that the "clack" sound heard in ultrasound-guided scarless rib remodeling (RibXcar technique) is not evidence of the completion of the surgery, but rather, the use of ultrasound is necessary to identify angulations, loss of bone strength, and ultrasound visualization of the loss of bone continuity, and thus consider cosmetic rib surgery to be complete. This study was performed on 100 Peruvian women aged 18-40 years who voluntarily agreed to a rib remodeling procedure. The RibXcar technique was used, and intraoperative ultrasound was performed to obtain objective information during each patient's procedure. Of the total number of patients who underwent surgery with the RibXcar technique, the "clack" sound was detected in 90% of patients, and no "clack" sound was detected in the remaining 10% of patients. However, the use of ultrasound revealed monocortical fractures in 100% of patients. It is observed that of the total number of patients, only in 90% was the "clack" heard; however, in 100% there was a monocortical fracture evaluated in the immediate postoperative period. We suggest not considering the "clack" as the end point of the surgery; instead, define the end point after the use of the ultrasound examination, which provides information on angulations, the loss of bone resistance, and ultrasound visualization of the loss of bone continuity.

Manzaneda's Tool: Adaptation of the Piezotome for Rib Remodeling Surgery without Incisions.

For rib remodeling surgery without incisions (RibXcar), a piezotome is used, which is a piezoelectric device that allows for selective and delicate manipulation of the bone, thanks to microvibrations that facilitate precise and smooth cuts. The piezotome, in its original form, requires the adaptation of the tip shape to perform costal surgery; therefore, Manzaneda's tool was created, which is composed of three parts: first, modification of the shape of the tip of the piezotome; second, the experimentation with materials for coating the tip of the piezotome; and third, the sterilization of the piece. We found that the material that best adheres and protects the adapted tip of the piezotome is the Rust-Oleum High Heat. After applying the tip coating, the piece was sterilized, and finally, Manzaneda's tool was obtained, which is specifically for use in RibXcar rib remodeling surgery. Manzaneda's tool is a safe and customizable tool for RibXcar surgery.

Superficial Intramuscular Gluteal Lipograft by Doppler Ultrasound: A Report of 24 Patients.

Background: Gluteal fat grafting is a common procedure in liposculpture. This study proposes a Doppler ultrasound-guided intramuscular and subcutaneous gluteal lipotransfer technique that allows for visualization of the location of the gluteal vessels, avoiding approaching them during lipotransfer by having the cannula localized during fat infiltration. Methods: This new technique was applied to 24 women after obtaining informed consent and providing them with a clear explanation of potential risks and complications. Doppler ultrasound was used to locate the site and depth of blood vessels, and for quadrant scanning of vessels and superficial intramuscular visualization of the cannula's location. Intramuscular lipotransfer was performed with a volume of 400 mL per gluteus (or less), and 12 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging before and 3 months after surgery. Results: This technique allowed for visualizing the location of the gluteal vessels, and infiltration could be easily performed in patients. In the 24 glutei reviewed postsurgery, from 12 patients who underwent pre- and postsurgery magnetic resonance imaging, intramuscular fat was found; however, there was no migration outside the gluteus maximus muscle. Conclusions: No local or systemic complications were observed. The results of our report show that fat filtration did not migrate outside the gluteus maximus muscle. This finding seeks to promote new research to create theoretical/practical precedents for the intervention of plastic surgeons and, from there, promote the standardization of a new and safe technique.

Jawline Aesthetic Definition: Enhancement with Masseteric Augmentation Using Ultrasound-Guided Fat Transfer.

Background: The rejuvenation and restoration of a well-defined jawline contour are crucial for enhancing facial aesthetics in both men and women. Within the jawline aesthetic unit (mandibular angle), the masseter muscle plays a significant role, as it is responsible for mandibular masticatory movements. We propose a new approach using ultrasound-guided intramuscular fat transfer to enhance the mandibular angle and jawline. Methods: The multicenter study included 20 patients from three countries (Peru, Brazil, and Mexico). After fat harvesting, the ultrasound-guided masseteric fat transfer was performed with a 1.5-mm Viaro cannula from an incision beneath the ear lobule. The fat was then injected intramuscularly into the masseter at each side of the mandibular angle. Results: Masseter ultrasound-guided fat transfer was performed on 10 men and 10 women between 2021 and 2022. The patients had a mean age of 34.4 ±â€…6.39 years and a mean body mass index of 22.39 ±â€…2.59 kg per m2. The mean injected volume was 5.83 mL and 5.58 mL on the right and left sides, respectively. Muscle thickness increased in patients immediately postsurgery, but decreased after 1 month. The muscle remained significantly thicker on each side than the presurgery measurements in patients regardless of gender (both P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided intramuscular fat transfer is a safe and reproducible technique for enhancing the jawline contour at the mandibular angle. We believe that it could be a more durable solution than other procedures, although further evaluation of long-term results is necessary.

Depression, Anxiety, Body Dissatisfaction, and Eating Disorders in Plastic Surgery Patients.

Background: This study aimed to identify and describe indicators of depression, anxiety, body dissatisfaction, and risk of an eating disorder in patients who undergo plastic surgery. Methods: The sample was made up of 90 patients from a private clinic in Lima, Peru, with ages between 20 and 50 years. The participants were asked to answer the Aaron Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Aaron Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Body Shape Questionnaire, and the Abbreviated and Modified Eating Attitudes Scale (EAT - 26M). Results: Through data analysis with the SPSS statistical program, it was found that 80% of patients who access plastic surgery are women, and the average age is 32.4 years. Likewise, of the total sample, no anxiety traits have been identified; however, 3.3% present traits of moderate depression, pathological body discomfort, and risk of an eating disorder. Conclusion: The presurgical psychological evaluation in plastic surgery patients is crucial because it allows for the identification of predisposing factors to mental health problems and proposes support if needed.

Waist Remodeling without Incision, with Ultrasound-guided Monocortical Fracture.

Background: Rib remodeling is a surgical technique for waist shaping in women and men. However, one of the main patient complaints is the scar. We aimed to describe a scarless, ultrasound-guided rib remodeling (RibXcar) technique that assessed the degree of angular variation of the fracture by ultrasound and the variation in waist measurement and patient satisfaction through a survey. Methods: The RibXcar technique was performed in 30 women aged 18-35 years in Peru, Colombia, and Mexico between October and December 2022 by three board-certified plastic surgeons trained in ultrasound and in this technique. The plastic surgeons measured costal angles before and immediately, 1 month, and 3 months after the surgery by ultrasound, as well as the waist in the same site and at these time points. Similarly, patient satisfaction was surveyed 3 months after the surgery, in which questions were asked about body aesthetics and the puncture site. Results: Ultrasound angular measurements before and immediately, 1 month, and 3 months after the surgical procedure were 168.00, 158.00, 160.00, and 160.43 degrees in the 10th rib, 170.50, 160.50, 152.50, and 163.50 degrees in the 11th rib, and 172.00, 162.00, 154.00, and 165.00 degrees in the 12th rib, respectively. The satisfaction survey showed that patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results of both the shape of the waist and the puncture site. Conclusions: RibXcar surgery maintains the angular variation over time. Similarly, waist measurements show a sustained reduction. Three months postoperatively, the patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results of the waist and the puncture site.

Ultrasound-guided Fat Graft of the Obliques-Serratus Complex.

Background: The idea of the anterolateral thoracic musculature in men during the contour procedure is very limited, particularly in terms of surgical techniques that improve its appearance and aesthetics. Therefore, this study aimed to describe a technique of deep definition liposuction with intramuscular grafting of the serratus external oblique muscle complex. Methods: A retrospective case series of a total of 11 cases of male patients aged between 29 and 60 years in the year 2022 is presented. These patients underwent body contouring surgery and subsequently underwent ultrasound-guided intramuscular fat grafting in the serratus external oblique complex. As part of the study, measurements were taken before and immediately after surgery. The data were stored in a database and analyzed with the statistical software SPSS, v23.0. Results: The patients were aged between 29 and 60 years, with a mean age of 38.3 years (±8.5). All cases had a body mass index of 30. Results were matched preinfiltration and postinfiltration; These results were subjected to statistical validation using the Student t test for related samples, and statistically significant differences were obtained in all the measures tested. Conclusions: The technique of fat grafting in the oblique-serratus complex allows for increasing muscle thickness. The measurements were made only immediately after the infiltration; it is important in the future to show the long-term follow-up. No adverse events occurred during the study.

Ultrasonography as a Tool to Improve Preoperative Marking in Body Contour Surgery.

Background: Body contouring surgery and surgical drawings are usually performed based on the surgeon's experience without considering the nature of the unique anatomical structures of each patient. Thus, we propose a more reliable surgical design approach that considers the anatomical structures of each patient. Ultrasonography is increasingly used in plastic surgery and helps plastic surgeons to highlight anatomical features representing results in their interventions by providing a better understanding of the patients' unique structures. Methods: This study presents a series of cases involving 100 recruited patients (36 men and 64 women) between 18 and 60 years of age. Five surgeons examined the patients and created a presurgical design based on palpation, which was validated later by a physician skilled in evaluating the anterior wall of the abdomen using ultrasonography. The concordance between the findings of the palpation and ultrasonography was assessed for each patient. Results: The concordance rate for each structure in both evaluations was midline (49%) (P > 0.92), diastasis recti (15%), semilunar line (23%), upper edge of rectus abdominis muscles (12%), lower edge of pectoral muscles (16%), border of oblique muscle (13%), number of tendinous intersections (12%), shape of tendinous intersections (11%), serratus anterior muscle (15%), subcostal triangle (15%), and oblique triangle (26%) (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: All the structures evaluated by palpation in comparison with ultrasound show discordance, except the midline where agreement is evident, with a very good level of statistical significance.

Intramuscular Posterior Thigh Volumization: An Aesthetic and Harmonious Transition to the Gluteal Region (Hv-FAT).

The gluteal region remains the preferred site for fat grafting. However, the transition from the gluteal region to the thighs has not been well studied. This study aimed to describe an echographic guidance hamstring volumization procedure (Hv-FAT) as a complement to body contouring surgery. Methods: Hv-FAT was performed in 19 patients from four countries (Peru, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico) from May to June 2022 by four surgeons trained in soft-tissue ultrasound and in the aforementioned technique. All the patients met the following criteria: age older than 18 years and younger than 60 years; a body mass index of 30 kg/m² or less, and a surgical risk score of 2 or less, according to the Goldman index. Results: A total of four men and 15 women were included in this study, whose ages ranged from 22 to 58 years (mean: 36.37 years). After fat grafting, on average, the thickness of the right biceps femoris increased by 54.07%, maintaining 95.02% of this thickness one month postoperatively, whereas the thickness of the left biceps femoris increased by 46.57%, maintaining 94.86% of this thickness in the same postoperative period. In turn, the right semitendinosus muscle thickness increased by 181.90%, maintaining 97.42% of this thickness, whereas the left semitendinosus muscle increased by 111.90%, maintaining 95.29% of this thickness 1 month postoperatively (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Hv-FAT is an effective and reproducible procedure for volumizing the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles, maintaining significant results one month postoperatively.

Echo-guided Lower-back Sculpture and Volumization as a Complement to High-definition Liposuction (XPINE-FAT).

Background: Knowledge about lower-back aesthetics is very limited, especially regarding surgical techniques that improve its appearance. Thus, this study aimed to describe a high-definition liposuction technique with intramuscular grafting of erector spinae muscles (longissimus). Methods: A total of 15 female patients 25-48 years of age were recruited between November 2021 and January 2022, who underwent body contouring surgery and subsequently underwent a low-back lipodefinition and echo-guided intramuscular erector spinae (longissimus) fat graft to complement the procedure. As part of the study, measurements were performed before surgery and in the immediate postoperative period. The data were stored in a database and analyzed with the SPSS Version 25 statistical software. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 25 to 48 years (mean: 37 years), with a body mass index of 18.6-29.3 (mean: 25.5). The surgical times ranged between 1 and 8 hours (mean: 3.73 hours); hospitalization times were 0.7-1 days (mean: 0.940 days). Lipograft was performed on the erector spinae muscles (longissimus), the right one with a range of 20-60 cm3 (mean: 43.33 cm3) and percentage increase of 65.3% (P < 0.0001). Regarding the left erector, similar volumes between 20 and 60 cm3 (mean: 44.67 cm3) were grafted with a percentage increase of 66.4% (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: XPINE-FAT is a safe technique that allows an increase in the immediate intramuscular thickness of the erector spinae muscles (longissimus). We observed no adverse events during the study.

Aesthetic Preferences of the Anterior Thigh as a Beauty Factor in Women.

BACKGROUND: In body contouring surgery, some regions, such as the abdomen, thorax, upper limbs, and glutes, are prioritized over others, including the lower limbs, particularly the anterior thighs. This study aimed to identify anterior thigh preferences by age, sex, ethnicity, and region and assess their importance as a factor of female beauty by conducting an online survey. METHODS: Photographs of a 24-year-old female model were modified in two front-view and side-view panels. Through a survey on the Amazon Mechanical Turk platform, participants were asked to order the images from the most beautiful to the least beautiful, and the results were broken down by age, sex, ethnicity, and region. RESULTS: A total of 1000 respondents were surveyed, all of whom answered the survey without error; therefore, no one was excluded. Of the 1000 respondents, 504 were men (50.4%) and 496 were women (49.6%). The predominant age group was 26-35 years, with 443 people (44.3%), the region with the highest number of participants was North America, with 484 respondents (48.4%), and the predominant ethnicity was White, with 555 respondents (55.5%). The survey showed that the most beautiful images were image A on the side-view panel (25.9%) and image I on the front-view panel (28.5%)(P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the side view, the aesthetic preferences of the anterior thigh do not appear to be associated with the anterior projection. However, in the front view, the increase in width generates a beauty trend, but only up to an intermediate level, quantified in the ratio (0.44).

Voluminizacion de trapecios (FAT-TRAP) como factor de belleza masculina en crugías de contorno corporal de definición: descripción técnica y objetivación ecográfica / Trapezius voluminization (FAT-TRAP) as a male beauty factor in definition body contouring surgeries: technical description and ultrasound measurement

Introducción y objetivo: Los músculos trapecios son puntos anatómicos de la figura atlética en los hombres, y en la cirugía de contorno corporal, son un buen complemento para la estetización de la figura masculina. El objetivo de este estudio es describir una técnica eficaz y segura para la voluminización de los trapecios con injerto autólogo graso. Material y método: Describimos la técnica quirúrgica y estudiamos 40 pacientes varones, entre octubre de 2020 y enero de 2021, sometidos a cirugía de contorno corporal con voluminización de músculos trapecios (FAT-TRAP). Realizamos medición antes y en el momento posterior inmediato del procedimiento y registramos toda la información en una base de datos que analizamos con un programa estadístico SPSS version 25. Resultados: La edad de los pacientes estuvo entre los 21 y los 56 años (35.4 +/- 8.63), con rangos de índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 21.3 a 29.1 (24.7 +/- 2.66). Se injertó grasa intramuscular: 40 a 100 cc (65.18+/-17.59) según técnica FAT-TRAP, obteniendo una variación del grosor muscular del trapecio en el postoperatorio inmediato valorado mediante ecografía, que para el trapecio derecho fue de 18.15mm de promedio, lo que equivale a un aumento del 97.66% (p<0.0001), y una variación del grosor muscular promedio del trapecio izquierdo de 18.8 mm, lo que equivale a un aumento del 101.67% (p<0.0001) del grosor muscular promedio inicial. Conclusiones: La técnica de voluminización de trapecios (FAT-TRAP) que describimos, es segura y permite un aumento del grosor intramuscular. No recogimos eventos adversos durante el estudio. (AU)

Background and objective: Trapezius muscles are anatomical targets for an athletic physique in men, and they are a good option in body contouring surgeries to aestheticize the male figure. This study aimed to describe an effective and safe technique for trapezius muscle voluminization with autologous fat grafting. Methods: We describe our surgical technique and a total of 40 male patients were recruited between October 2020 and January 2021 to undergo body contouring surgery with trapezius fat grafting (FAT-TRAP). Measurements were taken before and immediately after the procedure. All the information was stored in a database and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Results: Patients aged 21 to 56 years (35.4 ± 8.63), with a body mass index (BMI) of 21.3 - 29.1 kg/m2 (24.7 ± 2.66). Intramuscular fat grafting of 40-100 cc (65.18 ± 17.59) was conducted using the FAT-TRAP technique. Ultrasonography immediately after the procedure showed a mean right trapezius muscle thickness variation of 18.15 mm, representing an increase of 97.66% (p<0.0001); mean left trapezius muscle thickness variation of 18.8 mm was obtained, representing an increase of 101.67% (p<0.0001) compared with the initial mean muscle thickness. Conclusions: Trapezius fat grafting (FAT-TRAP) is a safe technique for increasing intramuscular thickness. There were no adverse events during our study. (AU)

Pérdida permisible de grasa en liposucción: fórmula y aplicación informática para cuantificar un nuevo concepto / Permissible loss of fat in liposuction: formula and computer application to quantify a new concept

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: Existe poca evidencia científica de cuánta grasa se debería retirar en una lipoescultura, sólo parámetros rígidos recomendados. El concepto actual del volumen de grasa a retirar no puede ser generalizado, pues cada paciente tiene características intrínsecas distintas, por lo cual, el cálculo del volumen aspirado de grasa debería individualizarse para cada paciente. El objetivo de este trabajo es crear una fórmula matemática predictiva para conocer la máxima cantidad de grasa a aspirar en una liposucción (pérdida permisible de grasa) en función de un volumen permisible sanguíneo seguro y de la edad (sin necesidad de transfusiones y previniendo complicaciones hemodinámicas). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico, retrospectivo y de diseño no experimental. La población de estudio estuvo formada por pacientes operados de liposucción por un mismo cirujano en 3 clínicas privadas de Lima (Perú). Determinamos el tamaño mínimo de muestra con un nivel de confianza del 95% y margen de error del 5%; la muestra final fue de 102 pacientes. Empleamos una base de datos en Microsoft Excel v19.00 para recolección de datos y técnicas descriptivas para homogeneizarlos. Luego, análisis multivariado teniendo en cuenta además edad del paciente y riesgo quirúrgico. Realizamos el análisis estadístico con el programa SPSS versión 25. RESULTADOS: Contamos con 97 mujeres entre 18 a 54 años y 5 hombres entre 23 a 48 años (media de 32.5 años); el índice de masa corporal promedio (IMC) fue 22.06. El estudio de regresión lineal para las variables aspirado total de grasa y volumen permisible sanguíneo obtuvo un coeficiente de determinación muy importante (R2=47%) (fuerte asociación de predecibilidad). Dado este resultado, ampliamos el estudio a uno multivariable con las variables edad y riesgo quirúrgico, donde no determinamos asociación con respecto a riesgo quirúrgico, sin embargo, para edad la asociación se volvió más fuerte (R2=49%), permitiendo construir una fórmula predictiva para la asociación de estas 3 variables y una aplicación informática para celulares y tabletas capaz de mejorar la aplicación de esta relación en la práctica clínica. CONCLUSIONES: El presente estudio determinó que las variables aspirado total de grasa y pérdida permisible de sangre son predictoras de la pérdida permisible de grasa. Así mismo, el análisis multivariable permitió aumentar el poder predictivo de esta relación al incluir la variable edad. De esta forma desarrollamos un método estadístico que permite determinar estas predicciones (fórmula) a fin de ayudar a los cirujanos a una mejor planificación quirúrgica de la lipoescultura. Para facilitar su uso, desarrollamos además una aplicación móvil gratuita que permite este cálculo de manera rápida y sencilla

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is little scientific evidence of how much fat should be removed in a liposculpture, only rigid recommended parameters. The current concept of the volume of fat that should be removed cannot be generalized, since each patient has different intrinsic characteristics, therefore, the calculation of the aspirated volume of fat should be individualized for each patient. The objective of this work is to create a predictive mathematical formula that allows us to know what is the maximum amount of fat that can be aspirated in liposuction (allowable fat loss) based on a safe allowable blood volume and age (without the need for blood transfusions and preventing hemodynamic complications). METHODS: A quantitative, analytical, retrospective study that responds to a non-experimental design was conducted. The study population was made up of patients undergoing liposuction by the same surgeon in 3 private clinics in Lima (Peru). The minimum sample size was determined with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%, where the final sample consisted of 102 patients. A database in Microsoft Excel v19.00 was used for data collection, likewise descriptive techniques were used to homogenize them. Then, the multivariate analysis was carried out, taking into account the patient's age and surgical risk. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS version 25 statistical program. RESULTS: We collected 97 women between 18 to 54 years old and 5 men between 23 to 48 years old (average age 32.5 years); the average body mass index (BMI) was 22.06. A linear regression study was carried out for the variables total fat aspirate and permissible blood volume, obtaining a very important coefficient of determination (R2=47%) (strong association of predictability). Given this result, it was decided to extend the study to a multivariate one, with the variables age and surgical risk, where no association was determined with respect to surgical risk, however for age the association became stronger (R2=49%), allowing the construction of a predictive formula for the association of these 3 variables, creating a computer application for cell phones and tablets to improve the application of this relationship in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: The present study determined that the variables total fat aspiration and permissible blood loss are predictive variables of permissible fat loss. Likewise, the multivariate analysis allowed us to increase the predictive power of this relationship, as the age variable was included. In this way, it is possible to develop a statistical method that allows us to determine these predictions (formula), which will help surgeons to have a better surgical planning of liposculpture. To make this easier, a free mobile application was developed that allows this calculation quickly and easily

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Planteamiento de subunidades estéticas del abdomen en base al análisis antropométrico del tejido celular subcutáneo / Approach of abdomen aesthetic subunits based on anthropometric analysis of subcutaneous cell tissue

Introducción y Objetivo. Las técnicas de liposucción han sufrido diversas variaciones en el transcurrir del tiempo; sin embargo, observamos que los resultados estéticos en cuanto a naturalidad en el abdomen en ocasiones no son los mejores a pesar del apoyo tecnológico y de las nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas, pues el abdomen, al ser un área con características específicas en sus diferentes áreas, requiere un tratamiento especial por zonas. Nos proponemos demostrar, mediante el estudio de imágenes, el diferente grosor del tejido celular subcutáneo en el abdomen así como proponer, de acuerdo a los hallazgos, subunidades estéticas del mismo como base al planeamiento prequirúrgico de la liposucción abdominal. Material y método. Evaluamos 14 pacientes mediante ecografía abdominal de partes blandas para medir el grosor del tejido celular subcutáneo en 3 puntos de la zona lateral y 3 puntos de la zona medial del abdomen previamente establecidos, a fin de demostrar si existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ellos. Resultados. El análisis estadístico demostró que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al grosor del tejido celular subcutáneo entre la zona medial del abdomen (puntos 4, 5 y 6) con respecto a la zona lateral (puntos 1, 2 y 3) encontrando una relación 2:1; así como diferencias de grosor entre los puntos 1 y 2 en comparación con los puntos 4 y 5; de los puntos 1 y 2 con el punto 3; de los puntos 4 y 5 con el punto 6; y del punto 3 con el punto 6. En base a esas diferencias proponemos dividir el abdomen en una zona medial y otra lateral con subunidades estéticas de acuerdo a sus características morfológicas (grosor del tejido celular subcutáneo). También obtuvimos, de acuerdo a la correlación de Pearson, que dicha diferencia entre la zona medial y lateral del abdomen no está en relación al peso ni a la edad del paciente, pues siempre existe diferencia de grosor del tejido adiposo entre la zona lateral y la medial del abdomen. Conclusiones. Existe diferente grosor del tejido celular subcutáneo abdominal en las diferentes zonas señaladas, por lo que decidimos usar este parámetro para agrupar subunidades estéticas en el abdomen. Inferimos que esto podría ayudar a un planteamiento prequirúrgico para la liposucción abdominal, a fin de conseguir resultados estéticos favorables y conservar los relieves naturales del abdomen

Background and Objective. Liposuction techniques have undergone several variations in the passage of time; however we note that the aesthetic results in terms of naturalness in the abdomen sometimes are not the best despite technological support and new surgical techniques, because the abdomen, being an area that presents specific characteristics in its different areas, requires special treatment by zones. Our aim is to demonstrate by imaging the different thickness of the subcutaneous cellular tissue in the abdomen, as well as to propose new aesthetic subunits of the abdomen according to the findings, as it bases on the preoperative planning of abdominal liposuction. Methods.A series of 14 patients were evaluated using soft tissue abdominal ultrasonography to measure the thickness of the subcutaneous cellular tissue in 3 points of the lateral area and 3 points of the medial zone previously established, in order to demonstrate if there are statistically significant differences between them. Results. Statistical analysis showed that there are statistically significant differences regarding the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue between the medial abdomen (points 4,5 y 6) compared to lateral area (points 1,2 y 3) with a ratio of 2:1, as well as between the points 1 and 2 compared to points 4 and 5; 1 and 2 compared to point 3; 4 and 5 compared to point 6; and point 3 compared to point 6. For these differences it is proposed to divide the abdomen into medial and lateral areas with their aesthetic subunits according to their morphological characteristics (thickness of the subcutaneous cellular tissue). Thus, according to Pearson's correlation, this difference between the medial and lateral areas of the abdomen is not correlated with the patient's weight or age, since there is always a difference in the thickness of adipose tissue between the lateral and medial areas of the abdomen. Conclusions. There is a different thickness of subcutaneous abdominal cell tissue in the different areas indicated, so we decided to group it into aesthetic subunits according to the different morphological characteristic studied (thickness). We infer that this could help a pre-surgical planning for abdominal liposuction and achieve favorable aesthetic results while retaining the natural relief of the abdomen

Lipomarcación de alta befinición: reporte de dos casos / High definition lipomarking: report of two patien

Se presenta la experiencia en liposucción, con la técnica de Lipomarcación, resaltando las sombras y relieves naturales del contorno abdominal en una persona atlética, realizada en varias zonas de la pared abdominal, tanto en profundidad como en superficie para obtener alta definición en el contorno abdominal. Se reportan dos casos: una mujer y un varón, de 37 y 40 años respectivamente, quienes fueron operados con esta técnica.

We present the experience in liposuction, using lipo marking technique, standing out the natural shadows of abdominal contour, featuring an athletic person, performed in different areas of the abdominal wall, both in depth and surface, to get high definition of the abdominal contour. We report two cases: a 37 years old female, and a 40 years old male, who underwent surgery with this technique.