[Population genetics of invasive Pomacea spp. in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution and identify the genetic genetics of invasive Pomacea species in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to understand the spread tendency of Pomacea species. METHODS: The specimens of Pomacea species were collected from five sites in water systems (lakes, rivers and wetlands) and its costal lands in Xihu District, Hangzhou City in 2017 for morphological identification. Total DNA was isolated from the foot tissues of adult snails for amplification of the COI gene, and haplotype diversity and nucleic acid diversity analyses were performed. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was created based on the haplotype captured from GenBank and those from this study to investigate the phylogenetic relationships. RESULTS: Pomacea specimens, which were preliminarily characterized as Pomacea, were found in ponds, rivers and wetlands in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. A total of 16 sequences were captured from the DNA samples of Pomacea specimens, which belonged to 3 haplotypes, including Hap1, Hap2 and Hap3. A high frequency was seen in Hap1 and Hap3, and a low frequency was found in Hap2. The Pomacea specimens collected from the 5 sites in Xihu Districts included P. canaliculata and P. maculate. The Pomacea specimens with a Hap1 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, and the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. canaliculata from Argentina, Japan and Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province, China, while the Pomacea specimens with a Hap2 had a close genetic relationship with the P. maculate from Argentina and Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: P. canaliculata and P. maculata are present in Xihu District of Hangzhou City. P. maculata may spread to Xihu District through multiple introductions or water flow.

[The current situation of ophthalmologic examination and treatment of diabetic patients in a community of Fushun].

Objective: To investigate the attainment of therapeutic targets for glycosylated hemoglobin and blood pressure, ophthalmologic examination, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study in type 2 diabetic patients was conducted in a community of Fushun between July 2012 and May 2013. Questionnaire, detailed ophthalmic examination and laboratory tests were completed to collect the information about sociodemographic and healthcare characteristics. Results: A total of 2 033 eligible patients with complete information were screened from 2 224 type 2 diabetic patients. Of them, the control rates of glycosylated hemoglobin(<7.0%), blood pressure[<140/80 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)] and serum lipid were 39.7%, 31.0% and 2.6%, respectively. Only 22.3% of the participants had ophthalmologic examination after the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, and 72.2% of the participants in the study reported never receiving any recommendation for eye examinations from their physicians. The prevalence of DR was 44.3% in the study population, 27.1% receiving ophthalmologic examination ever. Among them, 213 patients had vision-threatening DR and required laser treatment or vitreous surgery, but 82.2% had not been treated. Conclusions: The investigation of the type 2 diabetic patients in a community of Fushun indicated that more than 60% of patients did not attain therapeutic targets for glycosylated hemoglobin, and 70% for blood pressure; 78% had not received ophthalmologic examination after the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; 82% of vision-threatening DR patients had not been treated. Educational efforts should be aimed at improving knowledge of and compliance with these guidelines among both internists and eye care providers. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54: 599-604).