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1.
Int J Tuberc Lung Dis ; 8(10): 1204-12, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15527152

RESUMO

SETTING: Area 15 in Valencia. OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiology (1987-2001) of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. METHODS: Study of annual incidence, age distribution, excess cases attributed to HIV, etiological risk fraction (ERF), population attributable fraction (PAF) and f factor. RESULTS: Of 476 cases diagnosed, 459 were TB, 16 environmental and one mixed; 76% of environmental cases were HIV-positive (P < 0.001). There was a mean annual TB incidence of 24.6/100000, with an annual reduction of 4%. Seventy-three patients were HIV coinfected (16%) (mean incidence 3834/100 000 seropositives). The principal risk factor was drug use (59%) for HIV+ and contact with TB for HIV-. We found no difference in pulmonary or extra-pulmonary location between groups, contrary to mixed cases (P < 0.001). In HIV+ there was a lower frequency of infiltrates (P < 0.001) and cavitation (P < 0.01), and a higher frequency of adenitis (P < 0.001), miliary or nodular pattern and normal X-ray (P < 0.001). Seropositives had a 174 times higher probability of developing TB. The mean ERF attributed to HIV was 99%, the PAF was 16% and the f factor was 1.19. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) reduced the risk of TB in HIV+ by 80%. CONCLUSIONS: TB has continued its decline, although HIV generated an excess of cases in the 1990s. HAART has reduced the TB risk in HIV+ and possibly the overall rate of TB.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Espanha/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/complicações , Tuberculose Miliar/complicações , Tuberculose Miliar/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/complicações , Tuberculose Pulmonar/epidemiologia
2.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 40(10): 443-8, 2004 Oct.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15491535

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: While the short-term results of lung volume reduction surgery are known, follow-up over several years has not often been described. The purpose of the present study was to describe results in terms of functional improvement, dyspnea, quality of life, and mortality over a 4-year period in patients with advanced emphysema. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Fourteen successive patients were enrolled between 1996 and 2000 and studied prospectively for 4 years. All patients served as their own controls and initially received pulmonary rehabilitation and medication. Preoperative data were used as baseline and were compared to postoperative data over 4 years. The data analyzed were: functional improvement (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1]), quality of life, dyspnea, and patient loss due to death or referral to a lung transplantation program. RESULTS: Patients with advanced emphysema (mean FEV1 [SD]: 22.8% [11%] of predicted) were studied. Postoperative mortality was 14%. Overall mortality (postoperative plus deaths due to respiratory insufficiency) was 28% at 1 year and 35% at 4 years. Two patients died of cancer and 5 were referred for transplantation. At 3 months, FEV1 had improved more than 15% in 9 patients (64%); the improvement was maintained in 43% of patients at 1 year and 7% at 4 years. Improvement in dyspnea paralleled improvement in FEV1. Overall, at 3 months mean FEV1 had improved 41.9% (68%), transitional dyspnea index 2.7 (3), and quality of life questionnaire score 1 (0.9). Thus, improvements were considerable, but there was great variation. Preoperative mean decrease in FEV1 was 50 (32) mL/y, and postoperative decrease 194 (70) mL/y. CONCLUSIONS: With the inclusion criteria used, there was considerable variation in the results. Significant overall functional improvement was maintained in 50% of the patients 1 year following surgery and in 7% 4 years after surgery. Given such results, together with a surgical mortality rate of 14% and overall mortality of 28% in the first year, we believe that the criteria for using lung reduction surgery should be revised.


Assuntos
Pneumonectomia , Enfisema Pulmonar/cirurgia , Idoso , Seguimentos , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Enfisema Pulmonar/mortalidade , Enfisema Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Tempo
3.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(10): 443-448, oct. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35382

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Aunque se conocen los resultados de la cirugía de reducción de volumen a corto plazo, son pocas las series que describen el seguimiento durante varios años. El propósito de este estudio es describir los resultados, en relación con la mejoría funcional, disnea, calidad de vida y mortalidad, a lo largo de 4 años en pacientes con enfisema avanzado. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se ha estudiado de forma prospectiva a 14 pacientes incluidos sucesivamente entre los años 1996 y 2000, y seguidos a lo largo de 4 años. Cada paciente fue su propio control y recibió inicialmente tratamiento rehabilitador y farmacológico. Se utilizaron los datos preoperatorios como basales y se compararon con los postoperatorios a lo largo de 4 años. Los datos analizados fueron: mejoría mecánica --volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo (FEV1)--, calidad de vida, disnea y pérdida del paciente, tanto por fallecimiento como por remitirlo a un programa de trasplante pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Se incluyó a pacientes con enfisema avanzado (FEV1: 22,8 ñ 11 por ciento). La mortalidad postoperatoria fue del 14 por ciento y, unida a la originada por la insuficiencia respiratoria, del 28 y el 35 por ciento al año y a los 4 años, respectivamente. Dos pacientes murieron por cáncer y 5 se remitieron a trasplante. A los 3 meses, 9 pacientes (64 por ciento) habían mejorado más del 15 por ciento el FEV1 y esta mejoría se mantuvo en el 43 por ciento al año y en el 7 por ciento a los 4 años. La mejoría de la disnea fue paralela a la mejoría del FEV1. Globalmente, a los 3 meses el FEV1 había mejorado un 41,9 ñ 68 por ciento, el índice transicional de disnea un 2,7 ñ 3 y la calidad de vida 1 ñ 0,9, es decir, mejorías importantes pero con mucha dispersión. La caída del FEV1 prequirúrgica fue de 50 ñ 32 ml/año, y la posquirúrgica de 194 ñ 70 ml/año. CONCLUSIONES: Con los criterios de inclusión seguidos, hay una importante variabilidad en los resultados y, globalmente, se mantiene una mejoría funcional significativa en el 50 por ciento de los pacientes al año de la cirugía y del 7 por ciento a los 4 años. Estos hechos, unidos a una mortalidad operatoria del 14 por ciento y global del 28 por ciento en el primer año, hacen que se tengan que revisar los criterios de indicación de esta cirugía (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Pneumonectomia , Enfisema Pulmonar , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores de Tempo , Seguimentos , Volume Expiratório Forçado
4.
Rev Clin Esp ; 204(12): 626-31, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15710068

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Lung volume reduction surgery has recently been proposed as a palliative treatment for advanced emphysema. Some patients improve and others remains the same, being debated at this time the factors that predict improvement. The purpose of this work is to find predictive factors for positive response in patients operated with this surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with positive response (7 patients) and patients without positive response (5 patients) have been compared in our series of lung volume reduction surgery (12 patients). Positive response to surgery was defined as Delta FEV1 > or = 15%, dyspnea transitional index (Mahler scale) > or = 3, and improvement in the scoring surgery of quality of life for chronic respiratory disease questionnaire (Guyatt and Güell) > or = 1.5 3 months after the surgery. Basal values of FEV1, FEF50/FIF50%, hyperinsufflation degree, heterogeneity, PaO2, PaCO2, type of surgery, body mass index (BMI), dyspnea basal index (DBI) and quality of life questionnaire score (QLQS). RESULTS: Patients without and with positive response were different only because their baseline BMI, DBI and QLQS were lower. Other parameters studied (although the population was rather homogeneous) did not show significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with higher subjective problems (dyspnea and quality of life) and more malnourished are those with less benefit from surgery for pulmonary volume reduction.


Assuntos
Pulmão/cirurgia , Pneumonectomia/métodos , Enfisema Pulmonar/cirurgia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Dispneia/etiologia , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Pulmão/patologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Enfisema Pulmonar/complicações , Enfisema Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Qualidade de Vida , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
5.
Rev Clin Esp ; 203(11): 532-5, 2003 Nov.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14599393

RESUMO

CONTEXT: Pulmonary tuberculosis with negative sputum bacilloscopy involves diagnostic difficulties when there are not available liquid culture media due to the slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the traditional culture media, and also due to the need for carrying out invasive examinations. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the high resolution computerized tomography findings (HRCT) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative bacilloscopy of sputum. METHOD: Prospectively 28 patients (12 with active tuberculosis and 16 with inactive tuberculosis) were evaluated through HRCT, assessing the following findings: centrolobular nodules, multiple branched linear structures, macronodules, cavitation, consolidation, enlargement of interlobular septums, ground-glass change, bronchiectases, emphysema, broncovascular distortion, fibrotic changes, calcified mediastinal adenopathies, parenchymous calcification, pleural enlargement, and pleural effusion. RESULTS: The findings that were associated significantly to the active disease were: consolidation (67%), macronodules (67%) and centrolobular nodules (67%). The presence of centrolobular nodules and/or consolidation had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 87%. The findings significantly associated to inactive disease were bronchiectases (87%) and broncovascular distortion (62%). CONCLUSION: Our results support the value of HRCT in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative sputum bacilloscopy, since the finding of centrolobular nodules and/or consolidation has good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of active pulmonary disease.


Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Reações Falso-Negativas , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Escarro/microbiologia , Tuberculose Pulmonar/microbiologia
6.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 203(11): 532-535, nov. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-26181

RESUMO

Marco de referencia. La tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia de esputo negativa plantea dificultades diagnósticas cuando no se dispone de medios líquidos de cultivo debido al lento crecimiento del Mycobacterium tuberculosis en los medios tradicionales de cultivo y a la necesidad de utilizar exploraciones invasivas. Objetivo. Evaluar los hallazgos de la tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (HRCT) en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y baciloscopia de esputo negativa. Método. Se estudiaron prospectivamente 28 pacientes (12 con tuberculosis activa y 16 inactiva) mediante HRCT, valorando los siguientes hallazgos: nódulos centrolobulillares, estructuras lineales ramificadas múltiples, macronódulos, cavitación, consolidación, engrosamiento de septos interlobulillares, vidrio esmerilado, bronquiectasias, enfisema, distorsión broncovascular, cambios fibróticos, adenopatías mediastínicas calcificadas, calcificación parenquimatosa, engrosamiento pleural y derrame pleural. Resultados. Los hallazgos que se asociaron significativamente a enfermedad activa fueron: consolidación (67 por ciento), macronódulos (67 por ciento) y nódulos centrolobulillares (67 por ciento). La presencia de nódulos centrolobulillares y/o consolidación tuvo una sensibilidad del 83 por ciento y especificidad del 87 por ciento. Los hallazgos que se asociaron significativamente a enfermedad inactiva fueron bronquiectasias (87 por ciento) y distorsión broncovascular (62 por ciento).Conclusión. Nuestros resultados apoyan el valor de la HRCT en pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar y baciloscopia de esputo negativa, ya que el hallazgo de nódulos centrolobulillares y/o consolidación tiene una buena sensibilidad y especificidad para diagnosticar enfermedad pulmonar activa. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Escarro , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Estudos Prospectivos , Reações Falso-Negativas
7.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 39(8): 346-52, 2003 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12890402

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To identify the characteristics of smoking addiction in a group of pregnant women, to evaluate the efficacy of medical counseling tailored to the patient's stage in the cessation process and to examine factors that might affect the ability of a woman to quit smoking during pregnancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred sixteen women (mean age 29.71 5.44 years; range 15-41) were referred by obstetricians to a respiratory medicine specialist if they continued smoking after being advised to quit. The information each woman received was appropriate to her stage in the cessation process and covered the risks that smoking posed for her child and the benefits that would come from quitting. Each woman was provided with guidelines for quitting and helped to choose the first day to start the cessation process. The women received follow-up counseling sessions after the first and third months. RESULTS: Twenty-seven women (23.3%) quit smoking, 18 (15.52%) advanced a stage in the cessation process and 30 (25.86%) smoked less. Overall, the program benefited 60 women (51.7%) who quit smoking, reduced the number of cigarettes they smoked or progressed to a new stage. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that most pregnant smokers need the intervention of specialists with knowledge of smoking addiction to facilitate the cessation process.


Assuntos
Aconselhamento , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Complicações na Gravidez/terapia , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Tabagismo/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/organização & administração , Gravidez , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
8.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(8): 346-352, ago. 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-24465

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Identificar las características del tabaquismo en un grupo de mujeres embarazadas, valorar la eficacia del consejo médico adecuado a la fase de abandono del consumo de tabaco y examinar los factores que podrían influir en la capacidad de dejar de fumar durante el embarazo. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se incluyó en el estudio a 116 mujeres fumadoras (edad media, 29,71 ñ 5,44 años; límites, 15-41), remitidas consecutivamente a una consulta de neumología, que habían acudido a las consultas de obstetricia para el control de su embarazo y seguían fumando tras la recomendación de dejar de fumar. En función de la fase de abandono se les entregaba información sobre tabaquismo en la que se especificaban los riesgos del tabaquismo para su hijo y los beneficios de dejar dicho hábito, se les suministraba una guía para dejar de fumar y se les ayudaba a decidir el primer día en que dejarían de fumar. Se hicieron visitas de seguimiento al primer y tercer meses. RESULTADOS: De las mujeres incluidas en el estudio, 27 dejaron de fumar (23,3 por ciento), 18 evolucionaron en el proceso de cambio de fase (15,52 por ciento) y 30 disminuyeron la intensidad de su consumo (25,86 por ciento). Globalmente, el programa benefició a 60 mujeres (51,7 por ciento) que abandonaron el tabaco o redujeron el número de cigarrillos y/o evolucionaron en el proceso de cambio de fase. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este estudio ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de la intervención de los especialistas con formación en tabaquismo, para facilitar el abandono del consumo de tabaco en la mayoría de las mujeres fumadoras durante el embarazo (AU)


Assuntos
Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Abandono do Uso de Tabaco , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Aconselhamento , Tabagismo , Complicações na Gravidez , Seguimentos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde
9.
An Med Interna ; 19(7): 357-60, 2002 Jul.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12224144

RESUMO

The lung hypoplasia is a very few frequent entity characterized by a detention in the lung development that leads to a poor development of this organ. Habitually this disease is diagnosed in the childhood and there are very few cases that pass unknown, being detected in the mature age (> 18 years). We present four cases of diagnoses adult patients of lung hypoplasia for diverse test (imaging or invasive) that consulted for not specific symptoms, mostly related with infections of the lung and their later evolution over the years. We also review the pathogenesis, etiology and malformations associated of this disease as well as a review of the published articles in this age group.


Assuntos
Pulmão/anormalidades , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/etiologia , Pneumopatias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
11.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 19(7): 357-360, jul. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-12131

RESUMO

La hipoplasia pulmonar es una entidad muy poco frecuente caracterizada por una detención en el desarrollo pulmonar, que produce que estos órganos se encuentren poco desarrollados. Habitualmente esta enfermedad es diagnosticada en la infancia y son muy pocos los casos que pasan desapercibidos detectándose en la edad adulta (>18 años). Presentamos cuatro casos de pacientes adultos diagnosticados de hipoplasia pulmonar por diversas técnicas (de imagen o invasivas), que consultaron por sintomatología inespecífica, sobre todo relacionada con infecciones respiratorias y su posterior evolución a lo largo de los años. Repasamos además la patogenia, etiología y malformaciones asociadas de esta enfermedad así como hacemos una revisión de los trabajos publicados de ésta en este grupo de edad. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Pulmão , Pneumopatias
14.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 38(3): 123-9, 2002 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11900689

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the influence of routine imaging of the upper abdomen by conventional computed tomography (CT) to stage bronchopulmonary carcinoma and to detect liver or adrenal metastasis. A second objective was to describe the characteristics of a large group of patients in our practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 387 patients (367 men and 20 women; mean age [+/-SD] 62.3 +/- 10.4 years, range 34-90 years) who had received a diagnosis of lung cancer (203 epidermoid carcinoma, 75 adenocarcinoma, 15 non-small cell carcinoma, 68 small cell carcinoma and 25 mixed tumors). CT images were obtained of the chest and upper abdomen with intravenous contrast except in patients with a history of allergy or renal insufficiency. The characteristics associated with abdominal CT images aiding or confusing diagnosis were analyzed by Spearman coefficient. Differences related to sex or histology were studied using a Mann-Whitney U-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The upper abdominal CT changed the staging of 27 patients (7%): non-small cell carcinoma 5% (16/319) and small-cell carcinoma 16.2% (11/68). Twelve patients (3.1%) showed evidence of unconfirmed adrenal or hepatic metastasis. Change of staging after CT was associated with a high creatinine concentration in blood (p = 0.032), whereas confusion of diagnosis after CT was more common for women (p = 0.002) and patients for whom the diagnosis was established by cytology of sputum or bronchial aspirate (p = 0.019). Differences between men and women were found for from pathology (p = 0.027), confusion after CT (p = 0.002), hemoglobin (p = 0.011), hematocrit (p = 0.019) and smoking (p = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Given the considerable limitations of CT imaging of the upper abdomen, new technologies should be developed to facilitate a more rational approach to the problem.


Assuntos
Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Abdominal , Radiografia Torácica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/diagnóstico , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais/secundário , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores Sexuais
15.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(3): 123-129, mar. 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-6715

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Analizar la influencia de la exploración sistemática del abdomen superior mediante TC convencional en la estadificación de los pacientes diagnosticados de carcinoma broncopulmonar, para la detección de las metástasis hepáticas o adrenales. Como objetivo secundario, decribir las características de un amplio grupo de pacientes de nuestro medio. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo de 387 pacientes (367 varones y 20 mujeres; edad media [ñ DE] 62,3 ñ 10,4 años, límites, 34-90 años) diagnosticados de cáncer de pulmón (203 carcinoma epidermoide, 75 adenocarcinoma, 15 carcinoma de células grandes, 68 carcinoma microcítico y 25 tumores mixtos). La exploración TC se extendió desde el estrecho torácico superior hasta el límite caudal del hígado, con contraste intravenoso, excepto en los pacientes con antecedentes alérgicos o insuficiencia renal. Las características asociadas a la utilidad o la confusión por TC abdominal se analizaron mediante el coeficiente de Spearman y las diferencias en función del sexo e histología de los pacientes, con las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. RESULTADOS: La TC abdominal superior cambió el estadio en 27 pacientes (7 por ciento): carcinoma no microcítico 5 por ciento (16/319) y carcinoma microcítico 16,2 por ciento (11/68). En 12 pacientes (3,1 por ciento) demostró alteraciones sugestivas de metástasis adrenales o hepáticas que no se confirmaron. La condición "cambio de estadio tras la TC" se asoció a la cifra de creatinina en sangre (p = 0,032), mientras que la condición "confusión" por esta exploración fue más frecuente entre las mujeres (p = 0,002) y los pacientes en que el diagnóstico se estableció con la citología del esputo o aspirado bronquial (p = 0,019). En función del sexo, el estudio demostró diferencias en las variables anatomía patológica (p = 0,027), confusión por TC (p = 0,002), hemoglobina (p = 0,011), hematócrito (p = 0,019) y tabaquismo (p = 0,000).CONCLUSIÓN: Debido a las importantes limitaciones de la TC abdominal superior, es necesario desarrollar nuevas tecnologías que faciliten una aproximación más racional al problema. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Radiografia Torácica , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Radiografia Abdominal , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Adenocarcinoma , Carcinoma de Células Pequenas , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias das Glândulas Suprarrenais , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Ensaios Enzimáticos Clínicos
17.
An Med Interna ; 18(3): 117-20, 2001 Mar.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11594173

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to assess whether or not calculation of the alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (AaPO2) from arterial blood gas measurements, breathing air, is useful to discriminate patients with hypecapnia associated with obstructive lung disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The effect of different values for the respiratory exchange ratio (R) was also analyzed. We calculated the AaPO2 in 45 patients with chronic airway obstruction and hypercapnia (PaCO2 in 45 mmHg) and hemodynamic stability using the standard alveolar gas equation, PAO2 = PIO2 - PACO2 [FIO2 + (1-FIO2)/R], with R assumed to vary from 0.6 to 1.1 and the simplified alveolar gas equation, PAO2 = PIO2 - PACO2/R, with R assumed to be 0.8. It was considered that a patient was correctly classified when the calculated AaPO2 was greater than predicted AaPO2. RESULTS: When the simplified alveolar gas equation was used, 9 (20%) of 45 patients were misclassified, whereas using the standard equation with R assumed to be 0.8, 41 (91%) of 45 patients were correctly classified. Modification of the value of R only allowed improving the classification of two further patients. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that calculation of the AaPO2 using the standard equation and R = 0.8 can be used to classify hypercapnic COPD patients. This laboratory parameter is of sufficient discriminant value to be used for clinical purposes.


Assuntos
Hipercapnia/etiologia , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/fisiopatologia , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Consumo de Oxigênio
18.
An. med. interna (Madr., 1983) ; 18(3): 117-120, mar. 2001.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-8274

RESUMO

Objetivo: Analizar si el cálculo del gradiente alveolo arterial de O2 (AaPO2) permite clasificar a los pacientes con hipercapnia de origen broncopulmonar y analizar como influye en el resultado la existencia de diferentes valores de cociente respiratorio (R).Método: Estudiamos a 45 pacientes con enfermedad crónica de la vía aérea e hipercapnia, en situación estable. Calculamos la AaPO2 (PAO2PaO2) mediante las ecuaciones simplificada (PAO2=PIO2-PaCO2/R) y completa (PAO2= PIO2-PaCO2 (FIO2+(1-FIO2)/R) para R entre 0,6-1,1.Se consideró que el paciente estaba bien clasificado cuando su AaPO2 era superior al teórico (fórmula de Mellemgaard).Resultados: a) la AaPO2 mediante la ecuación simplificada clasificó erróneamente al 20 por ciento de los sujetos (9/45), mientras que la fórmula completa, con R = 0,8, lo hizo adecuadamente en el 91 por ciento de los sujetos (41/45) y b) la modificación del valor R en el cálculo sólo permitió clasificar mejor a dos pacientes.Conclusiones: El cálculo de la AaPO2 mediante la fórmula completa y R=0,8 es la mejor forma de clasificar a los pacientes con EPOC e hipercapnia, por lo que recomendamos su utilización en la clínica diaria. (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Troca Gasosa Pulmonar , Consumo de Oxigênio , Hipercapnia , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas
20.
Arch Bronconeumol ; 36(5): 236-40, 2000 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10916662

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine how inhalers are used by patients with chronic respiratory diseases in the Community of Valencia (Spain) and to identify the factors associated with correct use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective study of 554 patients (331 men, 223 women, mean age 50.5 +/- 21.5 years) who underwent spirometric testing (292 with bronchial asthma, 192 with COPD, 15 with bronchiectasis and 55 with other diagnoses). The patients were asked what type of inhaler they used. Pressurised canisters (PC) were used by 39.9%, inhalation chambers (IC) by 37.9% and dry powder inhalers (Turbuhalers) (DP) by 22.2%. They were also asked what instructions they had received; the inhalation techniques recommended by the Spanish Society of Pneumologists and Chest Surgeons (SEPAR) was reviewed step by step. RESULTS: a) Four hundred thirty-two patients (78%) reported having received instruction in how to use the inhaler; b) One hundred seventy-five (31.6%) used the correct technique: 25.3% using PC, 32.4% using IC and 41.5% using DP (p = 0.008); c) The most common errors were not holding the breath after inhaling in the case of PC users, not waiting 30 seconds between inhalation maneuvers and the lack of synchrony with inspiration among PC users; d) Use of correct inhalation technique was associated with prior instruction (rs = 0.249; p < 0.001) and younger age (rs = 0.92; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of patients, particularly those using PC and those who received no instruction, use inhalers incorrectly in the Community of Valencia. We therefore recommend health education programs that target the main errors identified.


Assuntos
Administração por Inalação , Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumopatias Obstrutivas/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Protocolos Clínicos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto
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