RESUMO
According to Gibbs J.W. the number of independent components is the least number of those chemical constituents, by combining which the compositions of all possible phases in the system can be obtained, and at the first stages of development of the primary metabolism of the three-component system C-H-O different hydrocarbons and molecular hydrogen were used as an energy source for, it. In the Archean hydrothermal conditions under the action of the phosphorus chemical potential the C-H-O system was transformed into a four-component system C-H-O-P setting up a gluconeogenic system, which became the basis of power supply for a protometabolism, and formation of a new cycle of CO2 fixation (reductive pentose phosphate pathway). It is shown that parageneses (association) of certain substances permitted the modular constructions of the central metabolism of the system C-H-O-P and the formed modules appear in association with each other in certain physicochemical hydrothermal conditions. Malate, oxaloacetate, pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate exhibit a turnstile-like mechanism of switching reaction directions.
Assuntos
Malatos/metabolismo , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Ácido Oxaloacético/metabolismo , Fosfoenolpiruvato/metabolismo , Ácido Pirúvico/metabolismo , Carbono/química , Carbono/metabolismo , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Evolução Molecular , Hidrogênio/química , Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Origem da Vida , Oxigênio/química , Oxigênio/metabolismo , Fósforo/química , Fósforo/metabolismo , Temperatura , Termodinâmica , Água/química , Água/metabolismoAssuntos
Bacillus cereus/metabolismo , Ouro/metabolismo , Micrococcus luteus/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Cristalização , Transporte de Elétrons/fisiologia , Ouro/química , Coloide de Ouro/química , Coloide de Ouro/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais , Oxirredução , Proteínas de Plantas , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
Methods of biochemical and physicochemical analysis were applied for studying the role of Micrococcus luteus cell structure in gold accumulation. It was shown that membrane proteins were the main factors in this process. Moreover, different quinones played the main role in the redox transformation of gold.
Assuntos
Biotransformação/fisiologia , Coloide de Ouro/metabolismo , Micrococcus luteus/metabolismo , Absorção , Proteínas de Bactérias/análise , Butanóis , Membrana Celular , Proteínas de Membrana/análise , Micrococcus luteus/citologia , Naftoquinonas/farmacologia , Oxigênio/metabolismo , EsferoplastosAssuntos
Aldeído Oxirredutases/análise , Formiato Desidrogenases/análise , Compostos Organomercúricos/farmacologia , Pseudomonas/enzimologia , Sítios de Ligação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Elétrons , Formiato Desidrogenases/metabolismo , Conformação Proteica/efeitos dos fármacos , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
The membrane has a stablizing effect on the nitrogenase complex, preventing its dissociation into separate enzymes and subunits. The distribution pattern of nitrogenase in artificial membranes and azotophores is similar.
Assuntos
Azotobacter/enzimologia , Lipossomos , Nitrogenase/metabolismo , Cinética , Microscopia Eletrônica , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
Phosphatidilethanolamine (PE) of liposome was modified by electron-density label, trichlortriazin being used as an intermediate reagent. The electron microscopic study of pure PE liposomes has revealed the presence of typical lamellar structure which also has been visualized on PE liposomes modified by electron-density label. In case of liposomes which consist of PE and phosphatidilcholine cluster distribution of modified PE molecules was observed.
