RESUMO
Trials carried out in primary care typically involve complex interventions that require considerable planning if they are to be implemented successfully. The role of the statistician in promoting both robust study design and appropriate statistical analysis is an important contribution to a multi-disciplinary primary care research group. Issues in the design of complex interventions have been addressed in the Medical Research Council's new guidance document and over the past 7 years by the Royal Statistical Society's Primary Health Care Study Group. With the aim of raising the profile of statistics and building research capability in this area, particularly with respect to methodological issues, the study group meetings have covered a wide range of topics that have been of interest to statisticians and non-statisticians alike. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the statistical issues that have arisen over the years related to the design and evaluation of trials in primary care, to provide useful examples and references for further study and ultimately to promote good practice in the conduct of complex interventions carried out in primary care and other health care settings. Throughout we have given particular emphasis to statistical issues related to the design of cluster randomised trials.
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Projetos de Pesquisa/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise por Conglomerados , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto/normasRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio clínico a 2 años plazo para evaluar el comportamiento de un implante óseointegrado, rehabilitado con un sistema bola attache y complementado mediante una prótesis removible a un sistema de retención a dientes naturales ubicados lateralmente en la arcada inferior. Los niveles de retención logrados cumplen con las exigencias clínicas y permiten la conservación saludable de dientes e implantes involucrados
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Prótese Parcial Removível , Retenção em Prótese Dentária , Retenção de Dentadura , Arcada Parcialmente Edêntula/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
The purpose of this article is to provide a historical and clinical perspective on the Ilizarov method of external fixation for limb lengthening and deformity correction of the lower extremity. Though relatively new in the United States, the technique has been applied for orthopedic problems with great success for over three decades in Russia and Europe. Physical therapy management is discussed from the preoperative planning phase to removal of the apparatus.