Association Between Arterial Hypertension and Periodontal Status in Morbidly Obese Patients Who Are Candidates for Bariatric Surgery.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the systemic and periodontal conditions between morbidly obese patients with and without hypertension who were candidates for bariatric surgery. METHODS: The study cohort had 111 morbidly obese patients stratified into two groups: patients with (G1 = 54) and without (G2 = 57) arterial hypertension. The following characteristics were compared between the two groups: (i) education level; (ii) anthropometric parameters [weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)]; (iii) risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (based on patients' sex, age and WHR); (iv) behaviours regarding oral hygiene; and (v) periodontal status. The t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, chi-square test and logistic regression were applied, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Patients in G1 had a lower level of education (P = 0.002). There were no intergroup differences for weight (P = 0.211), height (P = 0.126), BMI (P = 0.551), waist circumference (P = 0.859) and WHR (P = 0.067); however, patients in G2 had a smaller hip circumference (P = 0.029), and 78% of patients in G1 had a high/very high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of periodontitis was 72.2% (n = 39) in G1 and 38.6% (n = 22) in G2. On logistic regression analysis, age [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01-1.13; P = 0.008) and the presence of arterial hypertension (OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.17-6.56; P = 0.019) were identified as the independent variables associated with periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Morbid obesity and arterial hypertension are associated with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, morbidly obese patients with hypertension have a higher prevalence of periodontitis and greater severity of periodontal disease than those without hypertension.

Avaliação da doença periodontal em pacientes obesos mórbidos com ou sem hipertensão / Evaluation of periodontal disease in morbidly obese patients with or without hypertension

As doenças hipertensão e obesidade têm sido descritas como graves problemas de saúde pública. Além de causar problemas sistêmicos, ambas as doenças podem afetar as condições bucais. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre condição periodontal e hipertensão arterial, em pacientes obesos mórbidos candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica e avaliar o volume do fluxo salivar. A amostra foi composta por 225 indivíduos distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo obeso hipertenso (G1=75), Grupo obeso não hipertenso (G2=75) e Grupo eutrófico (G3=75). A avaliação antropométrica dos indivíduos foi realizada através do IMC, circunferência da cintura e do quadril e, relação cintura-quadril. O exame periodontal foi realizado por meio da profundidade de sondagem, recessão gengival, presença ou ausência de cálculo e sangramento. Foi avaliado o volume de fluxo salivar estimulado. Para a análise estatística foi aplicado o teste de Kolmorov- Smirnov para verificar a normalidade da amostra, seguido do teste Kruskall-Wallis, análises multivariadas empregando modelos de regressão linear (p<0,05). Entre os indivíduos examinados, foi observado maior prevalência de sítios com profundidade de sondagem e recessão de 0 a 3 mm nos eutróficos e maior prevalência de sítios com profundidade de sondagem e recessão 4mm nos grupos de obesos(p<0,05), sendo ligeiramente maior nos obesos hipertensos. Além disso, houve maior perda dentária no grupo G1, com diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (p<0,05). O ISG e a prevalência de sítios com sangramento foi maior nos grupos dos obesos (p<0,05), sendo discretamente maior nos hipertensos. A presença de cálculo foi maior nos obesos, sem diferença significativa entre os grupos. Em relação ao fluxo salivar, todos os grupos semelhantes volumes, sendo baixo. Conclui-se que os pacientes obesos apresentam maior profundidade de sondagem e maior número de sítios com sangramento que os eutróficos, mas sem diferença na presença ou ausência de hipertensão arterial.(AU)

Hypertension and obesity diseases have been described as serious public health problems. Further, they have increased the systemic and oral problems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between periodontal condition and hypertension in morbidly obese patients candidates for bariatric surgery and to assess salivary flow. The sample consisted of 225 individuals divided into three groups: hypertensive obese group (G1 = 75), non-hypertensive obese group (G2 = 75) and eutrophic group (G3 = 75). Anthropometric evaluation of the individuals was performed through BMI, waist and hip circumference, and waisthip ratio. Periodontal examination was performed by depth of probing, gingival recession, presence or absence of calculus and bleeding on probing. The salivary flow was evaluated through the volume of saliva stimulated. Kolmorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the sample, followed by Kruskall-Wallis test and multivariate analysis by linear regression models (p <0.05). In eutrophic group, the sites of 0 to 3 mm probing depth and recession were higher prevalence and in obese groups, 4 mm probing depth and recession were higher(p <0.05), being slightly higher in hypertensive obese patients (HOP).In addition, there was greater tooth loss in HOP, with a significant difference between groups (p<0.05). GBI and prevalence of sites with bleeding on probing were higher in the obese groups (p<0.05), and were slightly higher in HOP. Calculus presence was higher in the obese patients (p>0.05). All groups showed similar volumes of stimulated saliva. It can be concluded that obese patients present the higher depth probing and major number of bleeding sites than the eutrophic group, however without difference between presence or absence of hypertension.(AU)