Determining reference ranges for immunological cells of healthy indigenous individuals from a region in Brazil.

Morais et al. conducted a pioneering study with Brazilian indigenous populations to determine reference values for immunologic cells from healthy adult individuals. The main findings included a higher relative median for T lymphocyte subsets in females than males, and T CD3+, T CD4+, and T CD8+ relative values were statistically different when compared with Brazilian populations from other Brazilian regions. The relative medians of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in women than in men in a healthy indigenous population. Demographic and ethnic diversity of the Brazilian population can be associated with quantitative modifications in the immunologic cells of healthy individuals. OBJECTIVE: The establishment of reference values for a subset of leukocytes is common in clinical practice, and ethnic variations are strongly associated with disease development. In Brazil, indigenous people are vulnerable to infections, and few studies have described the health and disease conditions of this population. This study aimed to provide reference values for immunological cell subsets in indigenous Brazilians living in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Flow cytometry and 4-color combinations of monoclonal antibodies were used to characterize cells. A total of 115 healthy adults, mostly females (72%), were included in the study. The results are presented as mean and median (2.5%-97.5% percentiles) for T and B lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Natural Killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, providing an average immunological profile for the population in question. RESULTS: The relative medians of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in women than in men in a healthy indigenous population. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, cell reference data from indigenous Brazilians are unknown in the literature. The immune cell results presented in this pioneering study will contribute to the clinical and laboratory evaluation of the Brazilian indigenous population, especially given the important differences when compared with other Brazilian ethnic groups.

Determining reference ranges for immunological cells of healthy indigenous individuals from a region in Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective The establishment of reference values for a subset of leukocytes is common in clinical practice, and ethnic variations are strongly associated with disease development. In Brazil, indigenous people are vulnerable to infections, and few studies have described the health and disease conditions of this population. This study aimed to provide reference values for immunological cell subsets in indigenous Brazilians living in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Methods Flow cytometry and 4-color combinations of monoclonal antibodies were used to characterize cells. A total of 115 healthy adults, mostly females (72%), were included in the study. The results are presented as mean and median (2.5%-97.5% percentiles) for T and B lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, Natural Killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, providing an average immunological profile for the population in question. Results The relative medians of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in women than in men in a healthy indigenous population. Conclusion To our knowledge, cell reference data from indigenous Brazilians are unknown in the literature. The immune cell results presented in this pioneering study will contribute to the clinical and laboratory evaluation of the Brazilian indigenous population, especially given the important differences when compared with other Brazilian ethnic groups.

The Association of Bacterin and Recombinant Proteins Induces a Humoral Response in Sheep against Caseous Lymphadenitis.

In this study, we investigated the capacity of the recombinant proteins SpaC, NanH, SodC, and PLD of C. pseudotuberculosis to trigger protective humoral and cellular immune responses against experimentally induced C. pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep. The antigens were produced in a heterologous system and were purified by affinity chromatography. Nine sheep were randomly divided into three groups, which were immunized as follows: Group 1 (control)-a mix of adjuvants composed of the inactivated T1 strain of C. pseudotuberculosis and commercial Montanide™ISA 61 VG (T1M); Group 2-rSpaC, rSodC, rPLD, and T1M; Group 3-rNanH, rSodC, rPLD, and T1M. All groups were immunized twice (on days 0 and 30) and challenged on day 90 of the experiment. Humoral and cellular immune responses were evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) to quantify the IgG antibodies and interferon-gamma (IFN-y). Both vaccine formulations with recombinant proteins (groups 2 and 3) could induce a significant humoral IgG immune response in sheep. The proteins rSodC, rPLD, and rNanH were more immunogenic, inducing significant levels of IgG antibodies after the first dose of the vaccine or after the challenge, maintaining constant levels until the end of the experiment. However, it was not possible to differentiate between the cellular responses induced by the vaccines. This lack of effectiveness points toward the need for further studies to improve the efficacy of this subunit-based vaccine approach.

Assessment of rSodC, rPknG, rNanH, and rSpaC as Antigens for Diagnostic Tools Against Caseous Lymphadenitis.

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a bacillus that causes caseous lymphadenitis in small ruminants, leading to great losses to rural producers; thus, an efficient diagnosis is necessary for using disease control measures. This study aimed to evaluate the antigenic potential of four C. pseudotuberculosis recombinant proteins (rSodC, rPknG, rNanH, and rSpaC) against sera of goat and sheep experimentally infected with one of three different C. pseudotuberculosis strains. Goats were infected with CAP76 or CAP21 strain (n = 10), sheep with VD57 strain (n = 6), and a group of not-infected animals (goats and sheep) were kept as a healthy control (healthy n = 12). Sera were collected at 0, 14, 60, 90, 180, or 190 days after inoculation for antigenicity testing using Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Cross-reactivity tests with recombinant proteins were performed in goat serum experimentally vaccinated with Nocardia sp. or Rhodococcus equi bacterin. The rSodC protein showed discriminatory antigenic reactivity with a statistically significant difference against three different C. pseudotuberculosis strains evaluated in goats and sheep samples, while rPknG showed statistical significance only against two C. pseudotuberculosis strains evaluated in goats. rSodC was proved to be a strong candidate as a tool for diagnosis of C. pseudotuberculosis infection, once it was able to recognize antibodies against all strains evaluated in goats and sheep.

Severe Cases of COVID-19 and High Association with Causes of Immune Dysregulation: A Systematic Review.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the virus responsible for coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared a pandemic in March 2020 by the World Health Organization due the rapid spread representing a global health crisis. The disease is characterized by a wide clinical spectrum ranging from asymptomatic forms until severe viral pneumonia, which can to evolve to severe acute respiratory syndrome, especially in elderly patients and/or with comorbidities. An efficient assembly of the immunological response of the patients becomes fundamental against SARS-CoV-2 infection and it has been demonstrating a significant relationship between the severity of the disease and expression profile of the immune cells and the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This review aims to presents the main immunological mechanisms developed during the infection by SARS-CoV-2 in the evolution of the severe cases of COVID-19. The immune dysregulation of the Th1 cellular response standard, the instability in the production of neutralizing antibodies by plasma B cells, the difference in tropism of CD8+ T cells against virus proteins in early infection, late infection and reinfections, dynamic of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary innate lymphoid cells (TCR γδ) of the natural imune response and the high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines can determine the main cause of breath tissues damages and, consequently, a greater severity of the disease. Therefore, a complete understanding of the main immunological changes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection can identify possible biomarkers in the evaluation of early prognosis of the severe cases of COVID-19, making possible better therapeutic success to the patients.

SARS-CoV-2 triggered neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) mediate COVID-19 pathology

Severe COVID-19 patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome that may progress to respiratory failure. These patients also develop cytokine storm syndrome, and organ dysfunctions, which is a clinical picture that resembles sepsis. Considering that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been described as an important factors of tissue damage in sepsis, we investigated whether NETs would be produced in COVID-19 patients and participate in the lung tissue damage. A cohort of 32 hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and respective healthy controls were enrolled. NETs concentration was assessed by MPO-DNA PicoGreen assay or by confocal immunofluorescence. The cytotoxic effect of SARS-CoV-2-induced NETs was analyzed in human epithelial lung cells (A549 cells). The concentration of NETs was augmented in plasma and tracheal aspirate from COVID-19 patients and their neutrophils spontaneously released higher levels of NETs. NETs were also found in the lung tissue specimens from autopsies of COVID-19 patients. Notably, viable SARS-CoV-2 can directly induce in vitro release of NETs by healthy neutrophils in a PAD-4-dependent manner. Finally, NETs released by SARS-CoV-2-activated neutrophils promote lung epithelial cell death in vitro. These results unravel a possible detrimental role of NETs in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Therefore, the inhibition of NETs represent a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.

Abordagem Cirúrgica de Osteorradionecrose Mandibular Causada por Fratura Idiopática / Surgical Approach of Mandible Osteoradionecrosis Caused by Idiopathic Fracture / Abordaje Quirúrgico de Osteorradionecrosis Mandibular Causada por Fractura Idiopática

Introdução: A osteorradionecrose acomete de 1% a 6% dos pacientes submetidos à radioterapia e é considerada a complicação oral mais grave advinda dessa modalidade terapêutica. Relato do caso: Trata-se de um homem, 65 anos, com diagnóstico de carcinoma de células escamosas em assoalho bucal esquerdo, tratado com cirurgia e radioterapia adjuvante. Na avaliação odontológica inicial, não foram observadas alterações clínicas ou radiográficas. Duas semanas após o término da radioterapia, o paciente relatou ter acordado com dor intensa em mandíbula, sem relato de trauma ou queda. A radiografia panorâmica evidenciou fratura no corpo mandibular esquerdo, sugerindo fratura idiopática durante o sono. Após dez dias, houve exposição óssea intraoral do coto distal e preconizou-se tratamento conservador com analgesia, osteotomia superficial sob anestesia local e antibioticoterapia profilática. O paciente evoluiu com secreção purulenta, fístula extraoral e eliminação de sequestro ósseo, após cinco meses, confirmando o diagnóstico de osteorradionecrose. Diante desse quadro, após 11 meses do diagnóstico da fratura, optou-se pela intervenção cirúrgica de mandibulectomia redutora de coto distal. Depois de sete meses de acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico, o paciente encontra-se sem evidências clínicas e radiográficas de osteorradionecrose. Conclusão: O tratamento da osteorradionecrose é considerado desafiador para os dentistas que lidam com essa sequela da radioterapia. Portanto, destaca-se a importância da capacitação do dentista para atuar em todas as etapas do tratamento oncológico

Introduction: Osteoradionecrosis of the jaws affects 1% to 6% of patients undergoing radiotherapy and is considered the most severe oral complication resulting from this therapeutic modality. Case report: This is a 65-year-old man diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma in the left oral floor, treated with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy. In the dental evaluation, no clinical or radiographic changes were observed. Two weeks after the radiotherapy, the patient reported severe pain in the mandible, with no report of trauma or fall. The panoramic radiograph showed a fracture in the left mandibular body, suggesting an idiopathic fracture while asleep. After ten days, there was intraoral bone exposure of the distal portion of the mandible and conservative treatment with analgesia, superficial osteotomy under local anesthesia and prophylactic antibiotic therapy was performed. The patient evolved with purulent secretion, extraoral fistula and elimination of bone sequestration, after five months, confirming the diagnosis of osteoradionecrosis. Thereby, 11 months after the fracture diagnosis, the patient underwent a surgical intervention with partial mandibulectomy of the distal portion. After seven months of post-surgical follow-up, the patient presents neither clinical or radiographic evidence of osteoradionecrosis. Conclusion: The treatment of osteoradionecrosis is considered challenging for dentists who deal with this side effect of radiotherapy. Therefore, the importance of training the dentist to work in all stages of cancer treatment is highlighted.

Introducción: La osteorradionecrosis afecta del 1% al 6% de los pacientes sometidos a radioterapia y se considera la complicación oral más grave resultante de esta modalidad terapéutica. Relato del caso: Hombre, 65 años, diagnosticado con carcinoma de células escamosas en el suelo de boca izquierdo, tratado con cirugía y radioterapia adyuvante. La evaluación odontológica no presentó alteraciones clínicas o radiográficas. Dos semanas después de concluir la radioterapia, él informó haber despertado con un fuerte dolor en la mandíbula, sin historia de trauma o caída. La radiografía panorámica mostró una fractura en el cuerpo mandibular izquierdo, lo que sugirió una fractura idiopática durante el sueño. Diez días después, hubo exposición ósea intraoral del muñón distal y fue empleado tratamiento conservador con analgesia, osteotomía superficial bajo anestesia local y antibiótico profiláctico. El paciente evolucionó con secreción purulenta, fístula extraoral y eliminación de secuestro óseo, pasados cinco meses, confirmando el diagnóstico de osteorradionecrosis. Así, pasados 11 meses del diagnóstico de fractura, fue indicada intervención quirúrgica de mandibulectomía reductora del muñón distal. Después de siete meses de la cirugía, no hay evidencias clínicas o radiográficas de osteorradionecrosis. Conclusión: El tratamiento de la osteorradionecrosis se considera un desafío para los dentistas que se ocupan de esta secuela de la radioterapia. Por lo tanto, se destaca la importancia de capacitar al dentista, para que trabaje en todas las etapas del tratamiento oncológico

Use of Calcium Phosphate Cement for Repairing Bone Defects: Histomorphometric and Immunohistochemical Analyses.

This study aimed to assess the repair of surgically created bone defects filled with blood clot, autogenous bone, and calcium phosphate cement, by histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Ten adult male rabbits were used. Three bone defects were prepared with an 8-mm diameter trephine bur in the parietal region of each animal and filled with blood clot (Group BC), autogenous bone (Group AB), and calcium phosphate bone cement (Group CPC). The animals were euthanized at 40 and 90 postoperative days. The sections were subjected to histomorphometric analysis of the new bone formed inside the calvarial defects and immunohistochemical staining to determine the expression of osteocalcin (OC), osteopontin (OP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) proteins. Histomorphometric data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test at 5% significance level. In the results at 40 and 90 days, Group AB differed significantly from Group CPC regarding the area of newly formed bone. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed expression of OP, OC, and TRAP proteins in all groups. Group AB showed prevalence of OC and OP, and lower TRAP expression. Therefore, the calcium phosphate bone cement assessed in the present study did not accelerate the protein expression dynamics during bone healing, compared with the autogenous group.

Rehabilitation using immediate loading in patients with partial resection of the jaw

ABSTRACT: Ameloblastoma is a rare tumor that affects the maxillomandibular region. Surgical resection is often indicated, and oral rehabilitation becomes a challenge. This study aims to report on the mandibular rehabilitation with implant supported prosthesis using immediate loading with subsequent resection. A patient with a confirmed diagnosis of multicystic ameloblastoma in the left jaw underwent a partial resection of the mandible and a reconstruction with a titanium plate. After 2 years of follow-up with clinical examinations and imaging testing and with no signs of recurrence, the patient underwent the technique of immediate load implants, rehabilitating the mandible with an implant supported fixed prosthesis and the maxilla with a conventional complete denture. During the seven years of follow-up with the patient, there was no sign of recurrence of ameloblastoma. The rehabilitation with oral implants under immediate loading demonstrated to be successful, and the cemented cylinder technique used in this study coupled with passivity showed a favorable prognosis for the longevity of implants.

Fratura de mandíbula após a instalação de implantes - relato de caso / Mandibular fracture after implants instalation - case report

As fraturas de mandíbulas após a instalação de implante são pouco descritas na literatura e, geralmente, estão relacionadas ao enfraquecimento ósseo devido à baixa densidade e vascularização desse osso em idosos. Este relato de caso clínico associado à revisão de literatura tem o objetivo de apresentar um caso de fratura de mandíbula tardia após a instalação de implantes e aplicação de carga imediata. No presente caso, uma paciente de 86 anos de idade, do gênero feminino, foi submetida à instalação de 4 implantes dentários, entre os forames mentuais, seguida de prótese do tipo protocolo inferior com carga imediata. Passado 3 semanas do procedimento cirúrgico foi diagnosticado a fratura incompleta do ângulo mandibular direito. O tratamento dessa paciente foi conservador com orientação dietética, prescrição medicamentosa e acompanhamento por 60 dias. Após o período de 180 dias foi constatado o reparo completo da região. Com base nesse caso clínico foi possível concluir que o tratamento conservador é uma alternativa viável para o tratamento de fratura mandibular tardia após a instalação de implantes dentários...

The atrophic mandible fractures after the installation of the implant are widely described in the literature and generally relate to a weakening due to low bone density and that bone vascularity in the elderly. This case report associated clinical literature review aims to present a case of atrophic mandible fractures caused after installation of dental implants. In this case, a 86 year-old female, underwent installation of 4 dental implants, among mentuals foramen, then the type of prosthesis with immediate loading protocol below. Last three weeks of the surgical procedure was diagnosed incomplete fracture of the right mandibular angle. The treatment of this patient was conservatively with dietary counseling, prescriptions and follow- -up for 60 days. After of period 180 days it was found complete repair of the region. Based on this case study it was con-cluded that conservative treatment is a viable alternative for the treatment of atrophic mandibular fracture after installation of dental implants...

Gastric bypass and cardiac autonomic activity: influence of gender and age.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with increased sympathetic activity and higher mortality. Treatment of this condition is often frustrating. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most effective technique nowadays for treatment of obesity. The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of this surgery on the cardiac autonomic activity, including the influence of gender and age, through heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. METHODS: The study group consisted of 71 obese patients undergoing gastric bypass. Time domain measures of HRV, obtained from 24-h Holter recordings, were evaluated before and 6 months after surgery, and the results were compared. Percentage of interval differences of successive normal sinus beats greater than 50 ms (pNN50) and square root of the mean squared differences of successive normal sinus beat intervals (rMSSD) was used to estimate the short-term components of HRV, related to the parasympathetic activity. Standard deviation of intervals between all normal sinus beats (SDNN) was related to overall HRV. RESULTS: SDNN, pNN50, and rMSSD showed significant increase 6 months after surgery (p<0.001, p=0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Men presented a greater increase of SDNN than women (p=0.006) during the follow-up. There was a difference in rMSSD evolution for age groups (p=0.002). Only younger patients presented significant increase of rMSSD. CONCLUSION: Overall HRV increased 6 months after surgery; this increase was more evident in men. Cardiac parasympathetic activity increased also, but in younger patients only.

Diagnosis of canine brucellosis by ELISA using an antigen obtained from wild Brucella canis.

An indirect ELISA test was developed for the diagnosis of Brucella canis infection in dogs. A bacterial whole cell extract was used as a solid phase antigen, using B. canis isolated from an infected animal. Sera from culture-positive and healthy negative animals were used as internal reference controls. The cut-off point was determined by a mathematical formula for a statistically valid value, which defined the upper prediction limit, based on the upper tail of the t-distribution of 21 negative control sera readings, for the confidence level of 99.5%. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test were 95% and 91%, respectively. The ELISA test showed a significant concordance index (K=0.84) with the agar gel immunodiffusion test. The reliability of the ELISA for the detection of infected animals was established by a double blind study testing 280 sera provided by serum banks from different diagnostic and research institutions and analyzed by ROC Curve.

Padrão autonômico cardiovascular e tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade: influência da gastroplastia com derivação gastrojejunal em Y de Roux / Autonomic cardiovascular activity and surgical treatment of obesity: effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Para estudar a influência do tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade pela gastroplastia com derivação gastrojejunal em Y de Roux sobre a atividade autonômica cardiovascular, foram avaliados 71 pacientes, antes e seis meses após a cirurgia, com estudo da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca no domínio do tempo, teste de inclinação ortostática e dosagem de noradrenalina em urina de 24 horas. A comparação entre as duas fases do estudo mostrou que houve aumento da variabilidade da freqüência cardíaca após a cirurgia, indicando aumento da atividade parassimpática sobre o nó sinusal. Não houve mudança significativa da tolerância ortostática e da noradrenalina urinária.

In order to study the influence of obesity surgical treatment by using Roux-en-Y gastric bypass over cardiovascular autonomic activity, 71 patients were evaluated, before surgery and 6 months postoperatively, with time domain of heart rate variability, head-up tilt testing, and 24-hour urinary norepinephrine assay. The comparison between the two phases of the study showed that the heart rate variability increased after surgery, denoting an increase of parasympathetic activity over the sinus node. No significant change regarding orthostatic tolerance or urinary norepinephrine was observed.

Acesso minimamente invasivo para troca da valva aórtica: resultados operatórios imediatos comparativos com a técnica tradicional / Minimally invasive aortic valve replacement: a comparison of results with the traditional technique

OBJETIVO: As cirurgias cardíacas minimamente invasivas foram desenvolvidas para proporcionarem, através de acessos limitados, menores traumas, melhores resultados estéticos e diminuição nos custos hospitalares com a mesma segurança das cirurgias tradicionais. O estudo teve como objetivo comparar os resultados peri-operatórios dos pacientes submetidos à troca de valva aórtica por meio dos acessos minimamente invasivo e convencional. MÉTODO: Doze pacientes consecutivamente submetidos à troca de valva aórtica isolada por acesso minimamente invasivo, a partir de junho de 2002, tiveram seus dados pré-operatórios, operatórios e pós-operatórios imediatos comparados com os 12 pacientes anteriormente operados na mesma instituição submetidos ao mesmo tipo de operação, porém com acesso convencional. O acesso minimamente invasivo utilizado foi a hemiesternotomia mediana superior e a instalação da CEC foi através da canulação da aorta ascendente e do átrio direito, semelhante à técnica tradicional. RESULTADOS: Os dados demográficos foram semelhantes nos dois grupos de pacientes. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tempos de isquemia, de CEC e do tempo total do procedimento. O tamanho da incisão da pele foi significativamente menor no grupo minimamente invasivo. No pós-operatório, embora tenham sido menores os tempos de ventilação mecânica e o tempo total de permanência hospitalar, estes dados não mostraram diferença significativa. A morbidade pós-cirúrgica foi semelhante entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Esta abordagem oferece adequada exposição das estruturas necessárias para uma segura troca valvar e com o mesmo instrumental utilizado na cirurgia tradicional podemos oferecer as vantagens de um acesso menos invasivo com a mesma eficiência da cirurgia tradicional sem acrescentar riscos aos nossos pacientes.

Coronary endarterectomy: technique and results in a case-control study

OBJETIVO: Os resultados descritos das endarterectomias de artérias coronárias (EAC) refletiam as experiências iniciais e demonstravam uma maior morbidade pós-operatória e mortalidade imediata, tornando seu valor controverso. Com o aprimoramento técnico, o papel da EAC vem sendo revisto. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os nossos resultados com a EAC e apresentar a nossa conduta frente aos pacientes com doença coronariana difusa. MÉTODO: De um total de 278 pacientes submetidos a revascularizaçäo isolada, entre janeiro de 2000 e dezembro de 2001, 32 (11,5 por cento) foram endarterectomizados formando o grupo EAC. O grupo controle foi formado por pacientes com características semelhantes a cada paciente do primeiro grupo. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 9,9 meses. Os dois grupos demonstraram diferença estatística quanto ao número de infartos prévios. Foram realizadas 38 endarterectomias, 78,75 por cento nos ramos coronarianos esquerdos e 21,05 por cento nos ramos coronarianos direitos. No acompanhamento pós-operatório, näo se encontrou diferença significativa entre as variáveis estudadas de morbi-mortalidade, embora uma maior utilizaçäo de baläo intra-aórtico no grupo EAC tenha sido observada. CONCLUSÕES: Demonstrou-se que a EAC deve ser aplicada aos pacientes com doença coronariana difusa, visando uma revascularizaçäo miocárdica completa, com resultados comparáveis aos pacientes submetidos a operaçäo convencional. O acompanhamento em longo prazo irá determinar o comportamento destas artérias e de seus enxertos.

Arritmias supraventriculares na infancia e na adolescencia / Supraventricular arrhythmias in children and teenagers

Nesta revisao, os autores discorrem sobre as varias arritmias supraventriculares que sao observadas na infancia e na adolescencia, enfatizando sua incidencia, forma de apresentacao e manuseio

Influência da dispersäo da refratariedade atrial e do distúrbio da conduçäo atrial na induçäo de fibrilaçäo ou flutter atrial em indivíduos com síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White / Influence of dispersion of atrial refractoriness and atrial conduction disturbance on induction of atrial flutter or fibrilation in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

Para avaliar a influência da dispersäo da conduçäo atrial na induçäo de fibrilaçäo ou flutter atrial na síndrome de Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW), revimos os resultados de estudo eletrofisiológico de 36 indivíduos, portadores desta síndrome, sem cardiopatia orgânica, consecutivamente avaliados em nossa instituiçäo. A populaçäo foi dividida em dois grupos: grupo A, 13 indivíduos (36 por cento) com fibrilaçäo ou flutter atrial induzido e, grupo B, 23 indivíduos (64 por cento) sem estas arritmias induzidos artificialmente. Näo houve diferença estatisticamente significativa, comparando-se grupo A versus grupo B, com relaçäo aos seguintes parâmetros: idade (34 ñ 14vs., 33 ñ 14a, p = 0,85); intervalo PA (34 ñ 6 vs., 33 ñ 6 ms, p = 0,75); intervalo AD-AE (69 ñ 12 vs., 70 ñ 6 ms, p = 0,83); período refratário efetivo atrial direito (207 ñ 41 vs., 212 ñ 45, p = 0,74) e esquerdo (226 ñ 36 vs., 226 ñ 35 ms,p = 1,00); período refratário efetivo anterógrado da via acessória (319 ñ 106 vs., 301 ñ 63 ms,p = 0,52); tempo de conduçäo sino-atrial (164 ñ 36vs., 157 ñ 38ms,p = 0,59) e tempo de recuperaçäo sinusal corrigido (249 ñ 71 vs., 212 ñ 61 ms, p = 0,10). A dispersäo da refratariedade atrial isolada ou associada a distúrbio da conduçäo atrial foi observada em 22 indivíduos (61 por cento) e, destes, 9(41 por cento) tinham fibrilaçäo ou flutter atrial induzido artificialmente; em 14 indivíduos (39 por cento)controles, 4(29 por cento) tinham tais arritmia induzidas (x2 = 0,58, p = 0,74). Concluindo, a dispersäo da refratariedade atrial e/ou distúrbio da conduçäo atrial näo identificou indivíduos com WPW com maior propensäo à induçäao de fibrilaçäo ou flutter atrial durante estudo eletrofisiológico