Treatment of scaphoid nonunion by arthroscopic cancellous bone grafting.

INTRODUCTION: In order to avoid Scaphoid Nonunion Advanced Collapse (SNAC) type osteoarthritis, which progressively affects the radial and midcarpal joints, several vascularized and non-vascularized grafting techniques have been described. Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in arthroscopic cancellous bone grafts for scaphoid nonunion. The aim of this novel prospective study was to assess the healing rate of scaphoid grafts under arthroscopy, and the prognostic factors for healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out across 10 centers between September 2019 and April 2021, in patients aged 16 to 65. Scaphoid nonunion grafting was performed arthroscopically. Union was assessed on CT scans and displacement correction angles were measured preoperatively and then at 3 and 6months. We assessed mobility, Jamar wrist strength, functional results as per the Patient Related Wrist Score (PRWE) and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick DASH) score. Risk factors for nonunion were assessed. RESULTS: We included 77 patients with a mean age of 24years (18 to 55years) with a mean time between trauma and treatment of nonunion of 34.8months (6 to 180months). The population was represented by 46 manual workers and 20 were smokers. In 42 cases, the nonunion was proximal, in Schernberg zone I or II. At the last follow-up of 12.9months on average (Standard Deviation: 8.7months), union was achieved in 72 patients (93.5%). The average duration of union was 3.4months (Standard Deviation 1.6). Among the 5 patients who did not heal, grafting was performed in addition to the fixation. We did not identify any contributory factors for nonunion. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the effectiveness of arthroscopic treatment of scaphoid nonunion with a union rate at least equivalent to pedicled vascularized grafts. Smoking and delayed treatment were no longer considered unfavorable prognostic factors in the context of arthroscopic treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

A percutaneous ultrasound-guided iliotibial band release technique reduces surgical time and costs compared to an endoscopic technique.

PURPOSE: External snapping hip is caused by the iliotibial band snapping from the greater trochanter during hip movement. The aim of this study was to compare a technique of ultrasound-guided iliotibial band release versus a similar endoscopic technique. METHODS: An anatomical study was performed on 10 cadavers i.e. 20 hips. The same operator performed ultrasound-guided and endoscopic iliotibial band release on either side of each specimen. An independent operator performed an open control to verify the outcome measures. The primary outcome was iliotibial cutting percentage, defined as the ratio of the transversal cut distance and the width of the iliotibial at the most prominent portion of the great trochanter. Secondary outcomes included nerve injuries. The surgical time was assessed and disposable medical supplies costs were estimated. RESULTS: The average cutting percentage was 95% ± 8 by ultrasound, compared with 91% ± 11 by endoscopy (n.s.). No iatrogenic lesions were found, particularly nerve damage. The average duration of the ultrasound procedure was 12.3 minutes ± 6 compared to 21 minutes ± 10.7 for endoscopy (p=0.04), with a 3-fold decrease between the first and last procedure, regardless of the technique. The ultrasound procedure was 3 times less expensive in terms of disposable medical supplies (120.5€ versus 353.5€). CONCLUSION: This technique of ultrasound-guided iliotibial band release appears to be as effective and safe as a similar endoscopic technique. The surgical time is reasonable for a surgeon trained in ultrasound, with lower disposable supplies costs. A comparative clinical study is further needed to assess the actual benefits of each technique.

Perioperative Morbidities in Distal Radius Fractures Treated Using Locking Plates in the Super-Elderly Population: A Retrospective Study.

Purpose: Currently, there is no consensus on the treatment of distal radius fractures in the super-elderly population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative morbidities and the need for rehabilitation care after a distal radius fracture treated with locking plates among patients aged 85 years or older. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in all patients aged 85 years or older who underwent open surgical treatment using a locking plate for an isolated distal radius fracture from January 2013 to December 2018 at a level 1 trauma center. The occurrence of minor complications (tendinopathy, neuropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, and infection), major complications (complex regional pain syndrome, nonunion, loss of reduction, intra-articular screw, and hardware failure), and the need for revision surgery were recorded. The need and timing of rehabilitation were also documented. A nested case-control study was performed to evaluate predictive factors associated with the need for inpatient rehabilitation. Results: The majority of fractures were AO type A, numbering 88 (55.7%), followed by 64 type C (40.5%), and then 6 type B (3.8%). The overall complication rate among the 158 included patients was 17% (n = 26), with 12 (7.6%) having minor complications and 14 (8.9%) having major complications. Inpatient rehabilitation was required for one-third of the patients (n = 59), and 11 (7%) were definitively discharged to a nursing home. The place of residence before the fracture, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, and the type of anesthesia were associated with a need for inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusions: Overall, this study suggests that perioperative morbidity of distal radius fractures treated using a locking plate is acceptable even in the super-elderly population. Nevertheless, given the frequent requirement for rehabilitation, the impact of age cannot be ignored. Type of Study/level of evidence: Therapeutic IV.

Distal radioulnar joint instability: Diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic lesions.

Distal radioulnar joint instability is a common clinical condition that can be either acute or chronic. Its management requires extensive knowledge of all the anatomical structures around the wrist area. The clinical examination must identify all damaged structures in order to define a customized reconstruction strategy. The aim of treatment is to prevent the development of chronic instability and/or arthritic lesions, which can only be treated with palliative surgery. Distal radioulnar instability is complex. Its management shares similarities with that of knee instability, with a wide range of conditions ranging from a sprain with isolated ligament tear to complex dislocation in which multiple ligaments are torn. In particular, the triangular fibrocartilage complex, which is a pillar of distal radioulnar joint stability, is not the sole stabilizer of this joint. The treatment strategy is not as simple as just reattaching this ligament to treat all of the acute and chronic clinical signs. The goal of the present study is to describe the various structures and possible lesions in this joint and then how to repair them. The diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties justify treatment at a specialized center.

Less than 1.5cm shortening in clavicle midshaft fracture has long-term functional impact.

INTRODUCTION: Mediolateral shortening is a risk in treatment of clavicle shaft fracture, and can lead to scapular dyskinesis and shoulder dysfunction. Many studies advocated surgical treatment if shortening exceeds 15mm. HYPOTHESIS: Clavicle shaft shortening of less than 15mm has negative impact on shoulder function at more than 1 year's follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control comparative study was performed, with assessment by an independent observer. Clavicle length was measured on frontal radiographs showing both clavicles, and the ratio between the healthy and affected sides was calculated. Functional impact was assessed on Quick-DASH. Scapular dyskinesis was analyzed by global antepulsion on Kibler's classification. In total, 217 files were retrieved for a 6-year period. Clinical assessment was performed for 20 patients managed non-operatively and 20 patients managed by locking plate fixation, at a mean 37.5months' follow-up (range: 12-69months). RESULTS: Mean Quick-DASH score was significantly higher in the non-operated group: 11.363 [0-50] versus 2.045 [0-11.36] (p=0.0092). Pearson ρ correlation between percentage shortening and Quick-DASH score was -0.3956 [95% CI: -0.6295; -0.0959] (p=0.012). Clavicle length ratio differed significantly between groups: operated group, +2.2% [-5.1%; +17%] for 0.34cm; non-operated group, -8.28% [-17.3%; -0.7%] for 1.38cm (p<0.0001). Shoulder dyskinesis was significantly more frequent non-operated patients: 10 versus 3 (p=0.018). A threshold of 1.3cm shortening was found for functional impact. CONCLUSION: Restoring scapuloclavicular triangle length is an important aim in management of clavicular fracture. Surgery by locking plate fixation is therefore to be recommended in case of>8% radiological shortening (1.3cm) to avoid medium- and long-term complications in shoulder function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III; case-control study.

The impact of WALANT anesthesia and office-based settings on patient satisfaction after carpal tunnel release: A patient reported outcome study.

HYPOTHESIS: Wide awake local anesthesia with no tourniquet (WALANT) and office-based procedures are used in hand surgery. There are limited literature data on patient satisfaction when comparing methods of anesthesia and location of surgery. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective single-surgeon study with patient reported satisfaction in three groups. We compared patient impressions of anesthesia type; WALANT vs locoregional anesthesia plus sedation. We also compared satisfaction in three surgery settings; office surgery vs hospital ambulatory minor procedure room vs main operating room. Group 1 office surgery patients had ultrasound guided surgery with WALANT. Group 2 main operating room surgery patients also had ultrasound guided surgery with WALANT. Group 3 main operating room patients had endoscopic surgery with sedation and a tourniquet. Each group had 30 patients with a minimum follow up of 2 months. We measured overall satisfaction, satisfaction with the organization of care, satisfaction with the administration of anesthesia, and satisfaction with the quality of anesthesia. We also collected secondary data on the resolution of the neuropathic symptoms. RESULTS: Procedures performed in an office-based setting showed higher rates of patient satisfaction when compared to the ambulatory day surgery setting. WALANT anesthesia also showed significantly higher rates of patient satisfaction on a numerical analog scale when compared to sedation based on, irrespective of the surgical setting. All patients had resolution of their neuropathic symptoms regardless of the technique performed. CONCLUSION: We found that carpal tunnel releases performed in an office-based setting produces superior patient satisfaction. WALANT anesthesia also provides improved patient satisfaction when compared to sedation and monitoring techniques, irrespective of the surgical setting and location. Carpal tunnel release with WALANT in an office-based setting is better for patient comfort and satisfaction, with no evidence of lesser clinical outcomes at a short term follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

Percutaneous ultrasound-guided ulnar nerve release technique compared to open technique: A cadaveric study.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcomes of a novel percutaneous ultrasound-guided technique for release of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow when compared to standard open release Methods: One single surgeon performed an ultrasound-guided percutaneous release of the cubital tunnel on a group of five cadaveric elbows and open release on five others. All procedures were timed, and incision lengths were recorded. Meticulous anatomic dissection was then performed to assess the complete release of the carpal tunnel and iatrogenic injuries. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of complete release and iatrogenic injury, whereas Operative time was significantly shorter for the US-guided technique. Incomplete releases of the nerve were found only during the first two trials in each group, while the third, fourth, and fifth trials showed a complete ulnar nerve release in both series, highlighting a fast learning curve for both techniques. All of this through a significantly smaller incision in the US-guided technique. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the similar effects of these two techniques in terms of complete release of the ulnar nerve, with no clear superiority of one over the other in terms of morbidity rate. Both have a fast learning curve for an ultrasound-trained surgeon, with the US-guided technique being a less traumatic and quicker alternative procedure.

Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Release of the Lacertus Fibrosus for Median Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow.

PURPOSE: The aim of this technical note is to present a microinvasive percutaneous ultrasound-guided release of the lacertus fibrosus of the biceps brachii for pronator syndrome, i.e., entrapment of the median nerve at the elbow. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients were included. Patients showed isolated pronator syndrome including pain plus reduced strength of specific median nerve innervated muscles. The release was performed in a non-operating interventional room under wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT). It was conducted superficial to the pronator teres with in-plane ultrasound guidance. The recovery of strength was first assessed peroperatively, and then systematic visits at postoperative weeks 1 and 4 included assessments of both strength and pain. RESULTS: Procedures were comfortably completed with no immediate surgical or anesthetic complication. Muscle strength returned immediately and persisted at postoperative visits. Visual analog scores for pain reduced from 6.2 to 2.5 and 0.6 at weeks 1 and 4, respectively. All working patients were able to perform in their professional activities at week 1. The millimetric skin incision healed with no hypertrophic scar tissue. A small hematoma occurred at week 1 and resorbed spontaneously. No other delayed complication was observed. The procedure appeared effective with improved invasiveness compared to existing techniques. Real-time monitoring with ultrasound may improve the safety. The technique could be regarded as a new ultrasound-guided alternative to surgery. CONCLUSION: Performed superficial to the pronator teres muscle under WALANT anesthesia, the microinvasive percutaneous ultrasound-guided release of the lacertus fibrosus may be an effective treatment of pronator syndrome.

The HAND-Q: Psychometrics of a New Patient-reported Outcome Measure for Clinical and Research Applications.

The perspective of the patient in measuring the outcome of their hand treatment is of key importance. We developed a hand-specific patient-reported outcome measure to provide a means to measure outcomes and experiences of care from the patient perspective, that is, HAND-Q. METHODS: Data were collected from people with a broad range of hand conditions in hand clinics in six countries between April 2018 and January 2021. Rasch measurement theory analysis was used to perform item reduction and to examine reliability and validity of each HAND-Q scale. RESULTS: A sample of 1277 patients was recruited. Participants ranged in age from 16 to 89 years, 54% were women, and a broad range of congenital and acquired hand conditions were represented. Rasch measurement theory analysis led to the refinement of 14 independently functioning scales that measure hand appearance, health-related quality of life, experience of care, and treatment outcome. Each scale evidenced reliability and validity. Examination of differential item functioning by age, gender, language, and type of hand condition (ie, nontraumatic versus traumatic) confirmed that a common scoring algorithm for each scale could be implemented. CONCLUSIONS: The HAND-Q was developed following robust psychometric methods to provide a comprehensive modular independently functioning set of scales. HAND-Q scales can be used to assess and compare evidence-based outcomes in patients with any type of hand condition.

An Ultrasound-guided Percutaneous Surgical Technique for Trigger Finger Release Using a Minimally Invasive Surgical Knife.

Triggering of the finger at the A1 pulley is one of the most frequent pathologies encountered in hand surgery and a common cause of hand pain. Open release of the A1 pulley is currently still regarded as the golden-standard procedure. Nevertheless, there is an increasing interest in minimally invasive percutaneous techniques for the treatment of this condition. Current techniques range from percutaneous needle techniques without imaging, to the use of hook knives, with ultrasound guidance. Because of concerns about possible complications or incomplete releases, hand surgeons remain wary. The objective of this study was to introduce a new ultrasound-guided percutaneous surgical technique for trigger finger release, using a second-generation minimally invasive surgical knife. In this series of 78 releases, complete resolution of the symptoms was found in 98.7% of the cases. One recurrence of triggering was observed. There were no tendon injuries, infections, or neurovascular lesions recorded. This paper contains technical pearls and possible pitfalls to ensure the surgeon of a complete release and to avoid complications. A video of the technique was also included as Supplemental Digital Content (http://links.lww.com/BTH/A143). We can conclude that the procedure can be considered as safe and highly effective for the treatment of triggering at the A1 pulley.

Arthroscopic iliopsoas tenotomies: a systematic review of surgical technique and outcomes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the technique, results and complications of arthroscopic iliopsoas tenotomies either on native hips or total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: A systematic review was performed using 3 databases: PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library from January 2000 to December 2018 in accordance with the PRISMA procedure. The literature search, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Surgical technique, clinical outcomes, recurrences and complication rate were evaluated. RESULTS: Out of 115 articles reviewed, 20 articles concerned native hips and 8 articles THA. 3 levels of release were described. For native hips, the recurrence rate was higher for central compartment than peripheral or lesser trochanter releases. Complication rates were similar for hip arthroscopy but remained low in all series. Loss of strength was evaluated mainly using the MRC muscle scale. Most studies noted strength recovery. MRI analysis of muscle atrophy was greater for lesser trochanter than for central compartment release but unrelated to loss of strength. The complication rate was low for tenotomy after THA, heterotopic ossification being the most common complication. CONCLUSIONS: Central compartment releases lead to the highest rate of recurrence due to incomplete release. Peripheral releases have a potential risk of vascular injury. The lesser trochanteric approach has the disadvantage of not having direct access to the joint. The main difficulty with THA lies in the diagnosis of cup/iliopsoas impingement. Diagnostic tests with infiltration should be made before iliopsoas release to prevent its failure. Cup protrusion of over 8mm is a potential indication for acetabular revision.

Using Ultrasonography During the Fixation of Distal Radius and Finger Fractures.

Ultrasonography (US) is a noninvasive examination modality that is devoid of risk, both for the patient and the surgeon, compared with fluoroscopy. The principle is the same for distal radius and finger fractures: replace the fluoroscopy checks with US checks to reduce the patient's, surgeon's, and surgical team's exposure to radiation. In this article, the authors report their experience of the effectiveness of ultrasound imaging during the fixation of a distal radius and long finger fracture. They also describe equipment needed and surgical procedure.

Multimodal oral analgesia strategy after ambulatory arthroscopic shoulder surgery: case series using adaptive therapeutic approaches by sequential analysis.

BACKGROUND: Pain control and quality of recovery (QoR) at home remains a challenge after ambulatory shoulder arthroscopy. This study aims to assess the QoR and pain relief using a sequential implementation strategy for rescue analgesic drugs. METHODS: After institutional review board approval, patients (>18 years, American Society of Anesthesiology [ASA] score 1-3 stable) scheduled for ambulatory surgery under general anesthesia with a single-shot interscalene nerve block were enrolled. After discharge, patients received standard information regarding the postoperative recovery and care consisting of a multimodal analgesic regime (acetaminophen and ketoprofen for 5 days). The first 48 postoperative hours allowed us to compare 3 different rescue drug regimes with a control group, in sequential order: tramadol (control group), tramadol + nefopam, immediate-release oxycodone (IR), and extended-release oxycodone (ER). The primary endpoint was the QoR 40 score at 48 hours after surgery. Secondary endpoints were pain relief and adverse events over a 7-day period. An intention-to-treat statistical analysis was performed with sequential analysis (as an interim analysis) every 20 patients. Results were recorded as medians and interquartiles (25-75). RESULTS: We analyzed 109 patients with similar characteristics among groups. The QoR 40 scores were similar for the tramadol group (168 [161-172]), the tramadol + nefopam group (161 [151-173], P = .09), and the IR group (164 [153-169], P = .17), but higher for the ER group (176 [167-181], P = .03). Concerning adverse events, drugs were interrupted more frequently in the tramadol + nefopam group (36 %). In the ER group, a higher quality of postoperative relief was attained in the domains of pain and sleep. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that a combination of IR and ER oxycodone over a short period of time (<48 hours) is associated with a better QoR at home after ambulatory shoulder surgery.

Morphometric analysis of all 24 hip muscles: A cadaveric study of 18 hip specimens with proposal of a new classification of muscles.

PURPOSE: There are few papers investigating the morphometry of hip muscles and reporting either a single muscle or a group of synergistic muscles. With the development of hip joint simulation, hip arthroplasty implants, and gait analysis, a set of biometric data covering all the muscles that act on the hip joint is needed. METHODS: Using a rigorous dissection process on 18 cadaveric hips, measurements of all 24 hip muscles and bone parameters were conducted. We measured the following: (a) total femur, femoral shaft, and neck lengths, (b) total muscle lengths, (c) intra-muscular and extra-muscular (free) tendon lengths, (d) bone angles, (e) muscle pennation, sagittal, and frontal angles, (f) muscle weight, (g) muscle volume, (h) muscle cross-sectional area, and (i) and bending moment. Data on more than 12,000 morphometric or anatomical parameters were collected. Correlation values between bone variables, muscle variables, and in-between muscle variables were computed. Based on their compliance, muscles were classified using the ratio of belly length over the sum of intra-muscular and free tendons. RESULTS: Values of the neck, shaft, and total femur lengths were highly correlated in relation to each other. The long muscles and the pelvitrochanteric muscles were highly correlated with femoral bone lengths. The proximal and distal intra-muscular tendon lengths were correlated to the total muscle length for all long muscles, independently of free tendon (extra-muscular) or muscle belly lengths. A very significant correlation was found between muscle weight variations among specimens. Three groups of muscles were identified based on their compliance. CONCLUSION: This is the first comprehensive anatomical morphometric study which includes all the 24 muscles acting on the hip joint. It generates a unique anatomical dataset comprising all necessary data for musculoskeletal modeling and arthroplasty implants of the hip joint. A new muscle classification was proposed based on compliance where muscles of the same group would exhibit similar compliance and functional anatomy.

Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Iliotibial Band Release for External Coxa Saltans: A Cadaveric Study.

The surgical treatment of external coxa saltans is not standardized. Many techniques for iliotibial release have been described, both open and arthroscopic. No technique describes ultrasound release. In this cadaveric study, we describe a minimally invasive technique for percutaneous iliotibial release with ultrasound guidance, designed to be performed under local anesthesia. The future objective would be to perform an active intraoperative test of the snapping hip to confirm adequate release, thus reducing the risk of recurrence.

Distal radius malunion in adults.

Distal radius malunion (DRMU) consists in a non-anatomical consolidation of a distal radius fracture. The resulting alteration of the articular or extra-articular radial anatomy impairs wrist function to a greater or lesser degree: Restricted ranges of motion, loss of strength, pain. There may also be nerve or tendon involvement. Adaptive carpal malalignment and ulnar-carpal impingement are also possible. Imaging assessment should at least include X-ray and CT; CT-arthrography is essential in intra-articular DRMU, which regularly progresses toward radiocarpal osteoarthritis. Surgical indications are guided by clinical assessment. Restoring distal radial anatomy requires osteotomy, according to type of DRMU: anterior or posterior opening or closing wedge. Bone or bone-substitute graft may need to be associated. Computerisation has improved planning and should be implemented, whenever possible. Ulnar osteotomy may be performed, isolated or associated to distal radial osteotomy. Palliative partial fusion or bone resection is possible in case of joint involvement or in patients with low functional demand.

Prospective Evaluation of Spino-Pelvic Parameters with Clinical Correlation in Patients Operated with an Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) on L5-S1 level for restitution of distal segmental lordosis and to investigate its consequences on spino-pelvic parameters and the global sagittal balance. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: Lumbar surgery must be adapted to the spinal morphology in order to restore an adequate relation between pelvic and spinal parameters and especially to the pelvic incidence. METHODS: An observational, prospective study was conducted between January 2013 and May 2017. Eighty-six patients were treated by L5-S1 ALIF procedure regardless of disc replacement above L5-S1 level. Thirty-seven patients were included and subset analyses were performed on 25 patients operated on an isolated ALIF L5-S1 (group 1), and 12 patients with hybrid surgery consisting of an L5- S1 ALIF procedure and a L4-L5 lumbar disc replacement (group 2). Clinical parameters were analyzed using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at M0 (preoperative) and M12 (12 months). Lumbo-pelvic parameters were assessed on a standing full-spine X-ray, preoperatively and at M12 after surgery. RESULTS: We observed a significant evolution of L1-S1 lumbar lordosis (p <0.001) with a significant increase of the distal arch L4-S1 lordosis (p <0.001) and decrease of the proximal arch lordosis (p =0.03). Preoperatively, 27% of the patients were unbalanced. Significant variation in sagittal balance parameters was observed, with a decrease of the sagittal vertebral axis (p <0.001). VAS and ODI improved significantly but no correlation was found. An evolution in the same direction was found in the two subgroup analyses. CONCLUSIONS: ALIF procedure on L5-S1 level allowed a reconstruction of lumbosacral segmental lordosis, modification of global lordosis, without variation of spino-pelvic parameters except an improvement in sagittal balance.

Percutaneous arthroscopic calcaneal osteosynthesis for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: Systematic review and surgical technique.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the available literature on technique and outcomes of percutaneous arthroscopic calcaneal osteosynthesis for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database was performed, including studies from January 1985 to august 2018. The literature search, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. The surgical technique and perioperative management, clinical outcomes scores, radiographic outcomes and complication rate were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 66 reviewed articles, 8 studies met the inclusion criteria. The included studies reported on the results of 152 patients. At last follow up the mean American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle-hindfoot was ranging from 72.1 to 94.1. The complication rate was low, including only one superficial infection. CONCLUSIONS: The studies included were of too little level of evidence to allow for data pooling or meta-analysis. However, the percutaneous arthroscopic calcaneal osteosynthesis seems to be a good option for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures with a low complication rate. Appropriately powered randomized controlled trials with long-term follow up are needed to confirm the efficacy of this technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, systematic review of Level III studies.

Ultrasound-Guided de Quervain's Tendon Release, Feasibility, and First Outcomes.

Background de Quervain's syndrome is one of the main tendonitis of the wrist. The hypothesis of authors was that de Quervain's syndrome could be successfully treated with a specific ultrasound-guided percutaneous procedure, as it is for trigger finger. Surgical Technique Identification of the subcompartmentalization of the first extensor compartment was performed first, using the Hiranuma's classification, prior to the surgery. Then, we assessed precisely the positions of the sensory branches of the radial nerve and drew the landmarks. Through a continuous ultrasound in-plane control, we performed a percutaneous retrograde section of each part of the first compartment of the extensors, using a dedicated surgical blade. Methods In a cadaveric study, authors proposed to assess the feasibility and safety of a new and specific procedure and then assessed their first clinical cases. Fourteen specimen wrists were analyzed with ultrasound and the procedure was performed prior to an open control of the efficiency of the release, and safety for the superficial nerves. Then, we reported the results of the 22 first patients included in the clinical series. Results In a cadaver laboratory, authors were able to identify with ultrasound the type of first compartment septation (subcompartmentalization) in 13 cases ( n = 14). The misidentification induced one incomplete release. No damages of the superficial radial nerve were observed despite close relationship. In the small series ( n = 22), the duration of surgery was 8 minutes (range: 4-18 minutes). It was performed in office surgery and no morbidities were noticed. All patients improved, from quickDASH preoperative score of 59 (range: 28-71) to quichDASH postoperative score of 9 (range: 0-25). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous release in the de Quervain's disease is a safe and reliable procedure without specific morbidity. Great care should be taken to avoid sensory nerve injuries and to identify the correct type of subcompartmentalization with a precise ultrasound evaluation.

Management of lateral epicondylitis.

Lateral epicondylitis is the most common cause of lateral elbow pain. Although also known as tennis elbow, lateral epicondylitis often develops as a work-related condition and therefore constitutes a major public health issue. This article reviews the pathophysiological factors involved in lateral epicondylitis, as well as the tools available for establishing the diagnosis and ruling out other causes of lateral elbow pain. Finally, the non-operative and surgical treatment options are discussed in detail.