[Coordination between pharmaceutical services for integrated pharmacotherapy: the case of Catalonia]. / Coordinación entre servicios farmacéuticos para una farmacoterapia integrada: el caso de Cataluña.

Pharmaceutical policies have been considered strategies to contribute to the guarantee of care coordination and clinical integration. This study sought to describe the pharmaceutical services developed at different levels of care in the health network in Catalonia, as well as to identify and analyze the mechanisms and instruments that act as facilitators and/or barriers to the coordination of pharmacotherapy. This is a descriptive study of 12 cases of hospital pharmacy services, primary care and community pharmacies. Advances related to the perception, formalization and clinical and assistance coordination of the pharmaceutical services were identified. However, weaknesses and potential improvements in coordination were observed. The conclusion drawn was that the different tools and instruments implemented appear to facilitate a greater possibility of integration between pharmaceutical services and the latter with the health services network to contribute to integrated pharmacotherapy.

Coordinación entre servicios farmacéuticos para una farmacoterapia integrada: el caso de Cataluña / Coordination between pharmaceutical services for integrated pharmacotherapy: the case of Catalonia

Resumen Las políticas farmacéuticas han sido consideradas como estratégicas para contribuir con la garantía de la coordinación asistencial y la integración clínica. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo describir los servicios farmacéuticos desarrollados en diferentes niveles asistenciales en la red de salud de Cataluña, así como identificar y analizar los mecanismos e instrumentos que actúan como facilitadores y/o barreras para la coordinación de la farmacoterapia. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de 12 casos de los servicios farmacéuticos hospitalarios, atención primaria y oficinas de farmacia comunitarias. Se identifica avances que relacionan la percepción, formalización y la coordinación asistencial y clínica de los servicios farmacéuticos. Sin embargo, se identifican también fragilidades y situaciones mejorables en cuanto a la coordinación. Se concluyó que las diferentes herramientas e instrumentos implantados, parece facilitar una mayor posibilidad de integración entre servicios farmacéuticos y de éstos con la red de salud para contribuir con una farmacoterapia integrada.

Abstract Pharmaceutical policies have been considered strategies to contribute to the guarantee of care coordination and clinical integration. This study sought to describe the pharmaceutical services developed at different levels of care in the health network in Catalonia, as well as to identify and analyze the mechanisms and instruments that act as facilitators and/or barriers to the coordination of pharmacotherapy. This is a descriptive study of 12 cases of hospital pharmacy services, primary care and community pharmacies. Advances related to the perception, formalization and clinical and assistance coordination of the pharmaceutical services were identified. However, weaknesses and potential improvements in coordination were observed. The conclusion drawn was that the different tools and instruments implemented appear to facilitate a greater possibility of integration between pharmaceutical services and the latter with the health services network to contribute to integrated pharmacotherapy.

Bioequivalence Study of Two Long-Acting Formulations of Oxytetracycline Following Intramuscular Administration in Bovines.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two commercial long-acting formulations based on oxytetracycline (OTC) hydrochloride between the reference formulation (Terramycin LA, Pfizer) and a test formulation (Cyamicin LA, Fort Dodge Saude Animal). Both formulations were administered in a single intramuscular route at a dose of 20 mg OTC/kg of body weight in clinically healthy bovines. The study was carried out according to a one-period parallel design. Plasma samples were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The limit of quantitation was 0.050 µg/mL with an accuracy of 101.67% with a coefficient of variation of 13.15%. Analysis of variance and 90% confidence interval tests were used to compare the bioavailability parameters (maximum plasma concentration, C max, and the area under the concentration-versus-time curve extrapolated to infinity, AUC0-∞) of both products. In the case of the time to maximum concentration (T max), non-parametric tests based on Wilcoxon's signed rank test were preferred. The comparison of the mean AUC0-∞ values did not reveal any significant differences (311.40 ± 93.05 µg h/mL and 287.71 ± 45.31 µg h/mL, respectively). The results were similar for the T max (3.58 ± 0.90 h versus 3.42 ± 0.51 h). However, when comparing the mean C max some significant differences were found (8.73 ± 3.66 µg/mL and 10.43 ± 3.84 µg/mL, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of AUC0-∞ and T max values for the reference and test product are within the interval 80-125%, but the 90% confidence intervals for the ratio of C max falls outside the proposed interval. It was concluded that C max of test product are not within the 20% of those of the reference, thus suggesting that test OTC is not bioequivalent to the reference formulation.