Introduction of SARS-CoV-2 C.37 (WHO VOI lambda) in the Sao Paulo State, Southeast Brazil.

The Lambda variants of interest (VOI) (C37/GR/452Q.V1/21G) was initially reported in Lima, Peru but has gained rapid dissemination through other Latin American countries. Nevertheless, the dissemination and molecular epidemiology of the Lambda VOI in Brazil is unknown apart from a single case report. In this respect, we characterized the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda VOI (C37/GR/452Q.V1/21G) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. From March to June 2021, we identified seven Lambda isolates in a set of approximately 8000 newly sequenced genomes of the Network for Pandemic Alert of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants from Sao Paulo State. Interestingly, in three of the positive patients, the Lambda VOI infection was probably related to a contact transmission. These individuals were fully vaccinated to COVID-19 and presented mild symptoms. The remaining positive for Lambda VOI individuals showed different levels of COVID-19 symptoms and one of them needed hospitalization (score 5, WHO). In our study, we present a low level of Lambda VOI circulation in the Sao Paulo State. This reinforces the essential role of molecular surveillance for the effective SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response, especially in regard to circulating variants.

Introduction of SARS-CoV-2 C.37 (WHO VOI lambda) in the Sao Paulo state, southeast Brazil

The Lambda variants of interest (VOI) (C37/GR/452Q.V1/21G) was initially reported in Lima, Peru but has gained rapid dissemination through other Latin American countries. Nevertheless, the dissemination and molecular epidemiology of the Lambda VOI in Brazil is unknown apart from a single case report. In this respect, we characterized the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 Lambda VOI (C37/GR/452Q.V1/21G) in Sao Paulo State, Brazil. From March to June 2021, we identified seven Lambda isolates in a set of approximately 8000 newly sequenced genomes of the Network for Pandemic Alert of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants from Sao Paulo State. Interestingly, in three of the positive patients, the Lambda VOI infection was probably related to a contact transmission. These individuals were fully vaccinated to COVID-19 and presented mild symptoms. The remaining positive for Lambda VOI individuals showed different levels of COVID-19 symptoms and one of them needed hospitalization (score 5, WHO). In our study, we present a low level of Lambda VOI circulation in the Sao Paulo State. This reinforces the essential role of molecular surveillance for the effective SARS-CoV-2 pandemic response, especially in regard to circulating variants.

A new member of the chalcone synthase (CHS) family in sugarcane

Seqüências do banco de dados SUCEST foram analisadas baseado em suas identidades com genes relacionados que codificam enzimas chalcone sintase (CHS). A seqüência da proteína CHS de sorgo (gi-12229613), foi usada para a busca de seqüências no banco de dados do SUCEST, que foram mais similares à CHS. Baseado na similaridade das seqüências de aminoácidos deduzidas, quatorze conjuntos formados por 121 seqüências, foram divididos em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo é mais similar à CHS de sorgo (EC 2.3.1.74) e apresenta a seqüência consenso do sítio ativo de chalcone e stilbene sintase. Análises da expressäo gênica, baseada no número de seqüências de uma dada biblioteca presente em cada grupo, indicaram que neste caso, a maioria das seqüências säo de bibliotecas preparadas de raiz e flores de cana-de-açúcar. O segundo grupo é mais similar à seqüência de aminoácidos deduzida de uma proteína, näo caracterizada, induzida por patógeno (PIl, gi-9855801-) do banco de dados de EST de Sorghum bicolor. Estas duas seqüências de proteínas säo 90 por cento idênticas e tem duas mudanças de aminoácidos no consenso padräo de chalcone e stilbene sintase, e conservam o resíduo de cisteína na posiçäo do sítio ativo. Esta EST näo foi associada a chalcone sintase antes, e apresenta diferenças na seqüência consenso da CHS previamente descrita de sorgo. A maioria das seqüências do segundo grupo säo de bibliotecas de cana-de-açúcar preparadas de raiz e plantas infectadas com Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans e Gluconacetobacter diazotroficans. Os resultados indicam que nós identificamos uma chalcone sintase, tal como a encontrada no banco de cDNA de sorgo em uma biblioteca induzida por patógeno, expressa em plantas de cana-de-açúcar, e que ambas as proteínas säo novos membros da super família chalcone e stilbene sintase.