RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to validate a Spanish-language version of the 18-item ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV.es) in a Spanish sample. METHODS: From a total sample of 652 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years (mean age was 11.14±3.27), we included 518 who met the DSM-IV-TR criteria for ADHD and 134 healthy controls. To evaluate the factorial structure, validity, and reliability of the scale, we performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using structural equation modelling on a polychoric correlation matrix and maximum likelihood estimation. The scale's discriminant validity and predictive value were estimated using ROC (receiver operating characteristics) curve analysis. RESULTS: Both the full scale and the subscales of the Spanish-language version of the ADHD-RS-IV showed good internal consistency. Cronbach's alpha was 0.94 for the full scale and ≥ 0.90 for the subscales, and ordinal alpha was 0.95 and ≥ 0.90, respectively. CFA showed that a two-factor model (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) provided the best fit for the data. ADHD-RS-IV.es offered good discriminant ability to distinguish between patients with ADHD and controls (AUC=0.97). CONCLUSIONS: The two-factor structure of the Spanish-language version of the ADHD-RS-IV (ADHD-RS-IV.es) is consistent with those of the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 as well as with the model proposed by the author of the original scale. Furthermore, it has good discriminant ability. ADHD-RS-IV.es is therefore a valid and reliable tool for determining presence and severity of ADHD symptoms in the Spanish population.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica/normas , Tradução , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Psicometria , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , EspanhaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: There are few studies about preschool attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) prevalence. AIM: To study the prevalence of ADHD in preschoolers using an specific scale (ADHD-RS-IV-P-Es) developed for this age range. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence of possible ADHD in a representative sample of preschoolers in Navarra and La Rioja, Spain. RESULTS: We find a range of prevalence between 2.5-4.1% depending on the criteria that was used (more or less strict). CONCLUSIONS: There are specific tools that can be use in preschool ADHD study. The prevalence of preschool ADHD in Spain is similar than in other countries. The frequency of symptoms in this age range is similar to the found in school age children.
TITLE: Trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad en niños en edad preescolar. Prevalencia epidemiologica en Navarra y La Rioja, España.Introduccion. La prevalencia del trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH) esta en constante estudio, y hay pocas publicaciones sobre la prevalencia en niños preescolares. Objetivo. Estudiar la prevalencia de sintomas de TDAH en niños preescolares usando una escala especifica (ADHD Rating Scale-IV, version preescolar, validada para España) desarrollada para esta franja de edad. Sujetos y metodos. Se evalua la prevalencia de posible TDAH en una muestra representativa de preescolares en Navarra y La Rioja usando diferentes puntos de corte. Resultados. Se encuentra un rango de prevalencia de sintomas de TDAH del 2,5-4,1% segun el criterio usado (mas o menos estricto). Conclusiones. Existen herramientas especificas que pueden usarse para evaluar el TDAH en preescolares. La prevalencia de posible TDAH en preescolares en España es similar a la encontrada en otros paises. La frecuencia de sintomas en esta franja de edad no es mas alta que en otras edades, por lo que no es cierto que los sintomas de TDAH sean muy prevalentes en la poblacion general de niños preescolares.
Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/diagnóstico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos de Amostragem , Espanha/epidemiologia , Avaliação de SintomasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: ADHD symptoms begin to appear at preschool age. ADHD may have a significant negative impact on academic performance. In Spain, there are no standardized tools for detecting ADHD at preschool age, nor is there data about the incidence of this disorder. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate developmental factors and learning difficulties associated with probable ADHD and to assess the impact of ADHD in school performance. METHODS: We conducted a population-based study with a stratified multistage proportional cluster sample design. RESULTS: We found significant differences between probable ADHD and parents' perception of difficulties in expressive language, comprehension, and fine motor skills, as well as in emotions, concentration, behaviour, and relationships. Around 34% of preschool children with probable ADHD showed global learning difficulties, mainly in patients with the inattentive type. According to the multivariate analysis, learning difficulties were significantly associated with both delayed psychomotor development during the first 3 years of life (OR: 5.57) as assessed by parents, and probable ADHD (OR: 2.34) CONCLUSIONS: There is a connection between probable ADHD in preschool children and parents' perception of difficulties in several dimensions of development and learning. Early detection of ADHD at preschool ages is necessary to start prompt and effective clinical and educational interventions.
