[Cases of Down's syndrome in children of young parents with chronic inflammatory genital diseases and secondary disorders of spermatogenesis]. / Sluchai rozhdeniia detei s bolezn'iu Dauna u molodykh roditelei, stradaiushchikh khronicheskim vospaleniem genitalii i vtorichnymi narusheniiami spermatogeneza.

Nine births affected by Down's disease in young families are reported. The mean age of fathers was 28.5 years and that of mothers 25.2 years. History revealed no parental exposures to occupational or household adverse factors or nutritional contaminants. The parents had normal karyotypes. However, a history of urogenital disease 1-3 years before the affected births was elucidated in all 9 families: three cases of gonorrhea, one case of trichomoniasis and nonspecific inflammation in the rest. After visits to genetic counseling clinics torpid urogenital infections were identified in all 9 couples: nonspecific prostatitis and urethroprostatitis in fathers, hysterosalpingoophoritis and vaginal dysbacteriosis in mothers. Teratozoospermia and oligozoospermia with abnormal sperm cell proportions of 56 to 92% occurred in the fathers. It is suggested that infectious-toxic disorders of chromosomal segregation during the meiosis may be a paternal cause of trisomy 21. The same mechanism is feasible in mothers. After reversal of urogenital infections and normalization of spermograms normal infants were born in 7 of 9 families, the other 2 currently refrain from childbirth.

[Malignant lymphoma in rabbits induced by the administration of herpes virus-containing material from brown macaques]. / Zlokachestvennye limfomy u krolikov, vyzvannye vvedeniem materiala, soderzhashchego virus gerpesa burykh makakov.

Oncogenicity for rabbits of lymphotropic herpesvirus of M. arctoides (HVMA) isolated by us earlier from lymphoid cells of lines MAL-1-3 has been shown in the course of studies. Inoculation of animals both with HVMA-containing cells and cell-free virus caused the development of generalized malignant lymphomas of prolymphocytic-lymphoblastic character leading the animals to death. The molecular hybridization method permitted revealing DNA sequences related to the DNAs of B-lymphotropic herpesviruses of primates in the cells of HVMA-containing cultures, primarily-induced tumours, and in a cell line established from rabbit tumour. This fact is indicative of etiological role of HVMA in the development of malignant lymphomas in rabbits. The question about the origin of the C type particles found in MAL-1-3 and OK-1 cells remains open.

[Induction of chromosome aberrations and mitotic disorders in a bone marrow cell culture of Papio hamadryas in exposure to cytochalasin B]. / Induktsiia aberratsii khromosom i mitoticheskikh narushenii v kul'ture kletok kostnogo mozga paviana gamadrila pri deistvii tsitokhalazina B.

A 24-48 hours' treatment with cytocholasin B (1 mg/ml) increases significantly the number of chromosomal aberrations and mitotic abnormalities in primary cultures of bone marrow of the baboon Papio hamadrias. The addition of erythropoietin in concentration of 0.25 units per ml, either before or after the addition of cytochalasin, increases the number of chromosomal aberrations due to hormone stimulation of cell division. At this concentration, erythropoietin alone does not induce any chromosomal aberrations, but stimulated mitotic activity. Cytochalasin B induced aberrations in chromosomes increase the frequency of chromosome rearrangements of the chromatid type, while the main type of mitotic aberrations observed was the induction of multinuclear aneuploid cells.

[Chromosomes of 7 transplantable lines of macaque and pavian hematopoietic cells producing herpesvirus type EBV and oncornavirus type C]. / Izuchenie khromosom semi perevivaemykh linii krovetvornykh kletok makak i pavianov, produtsiruiushchikh virus gerpesa tipa EBV i onkornavirus tipa C.

Karyotypes of Su-1, Su-2, KMMA-1, and KMMA-2 (producing oncornavirus C-type), and KMPG-1, SPF-2, and SPG-3 (producing HSV, a virus of EBV type) cell lines were studied in the time course. The lines were derived from hemopoietic cells of brown macaques and baboons bearing lymphomas. Some of the lines had a paradiploid-pseudodiploid karyotype, another part aneuploid type. The selectivity of structural and numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 18, and 20 was detected indicating a certain specificity of karyotype changes upon malignization and transformation. The number of poorly and moderately differentiating chromosomes in aneuploidy was confirmed by greater variability as compared with well-differentiating chromosomes. No parallelism between the karyotype change pattern and the type of virus produced (C or EBV) could be found thus far.

[Chromosomes of 3 lymphoblastoid suspension cell lines obtained from baboons with malignant lymphoma]. / Khromosomy trekh suspenzionnykh limfoblastoidnykh linii kletok, poluchennykh ot pavianov gamadrilov so zlokachestvennoi limfomoi.

Three suspension cell lines from bone marrow (BMPH-1) and spleens (SPH-2 and SPH-3) of hamadryas baboons with haematosarcoma were presented by analogous lymphoid type cells of a high proliferative activity. The modal class of cells in all the three lines was presented by diploids and pseudodiploids, though there was a significant admixture of heterodiploid and subtriploid cells and cells having various types of marker chromosomes. The reconstructed chromosome 1 and satellite chromosomes dominated among the marker chromosomes indicating their relatively greater mutability. No change was observed in Giemsa-banding during a year's cultivation of all three cell lines. The total number of weakly and poorly differentiating chromosomes in aneuploids is more variable compared to the number of well differentiating chromosomes, due, presumably, to a lesser biological significance of the former.

[Changes in transplantable cultures infected with mycoplasmas isolated from leukemic monkeys]. / Izmeneniia v perevivaemykh kul'turakh, zarazhennykh mikoplazmami, vydelennymi ot obez'ian, bol'nykh leikozom

Four strains of mycoplasms isolated from monkeys with malignant lymphoma and haematosarcoma induced an apparent cytopathogenic effect (CPE) only in the FL culture in the first passage. No visible CPE was observed in L and HeLa, and also in FL cultures of the second and further passages infected with the same mycoplasm strains. However, the infected cultures differed reliably from the control ones by a higher index of cell alteration and by an increased mitotic activity. According to these indices they can be regarded as cultures with a latent CPE.

[Differential staining of hamadryas baboon chromosomes with Romanovsky-Giemsa dye (G-discs)]. / Differentsial'noe okrashivanie khromosom pavianov gamadrilov krasitelem Romanovskogo--Gimza (G-diski)

The pattern of G-discs in the chromosomes of baboon (Papio hamadryas) was studied after staining by means of ASG method. On the basis of these data all the 20 pairs of autosomes and sex chromosomes were identified. According to the distinctness of the discs all the chromosomes were classified into 3 groups: well differentiated, faintly differentiated and moderately differentiated. The most distinct pattern of discs was obtained in slightly spiralized chromosomes. Dimorphism of the disc pattern in homologous chromosomes was observed, which is, possibly, indicative of their different functional activity.

[Chromosome identification in Macaca arctoides based on study of the differential staining pattern (G-discs). Comparison with Papio hamadryas G-discs]. / Identifikatsiia khromosom Macaca arctoides na osnove izucheniia risunka differentsial'nogo okrashivaniia (G-diski). Sravnenie c G-diskami u Papio hamadryas

Linear chromosome differentiation pattern of Macaca arctoides was studied using the Romanovsky-Gimsa stain (G-banding). The possibility of the identification of all chromosome pairs according to these data is demonstrated. The phenomenon of the irregular intercellular and chromosome differentiation is found out and a suggestion is made about its relation to a real mosaic functional activity of cell genomes. A great similarity in linear chromosome differentiation for 2 from 42 studied chromosome types of Macaca arctoides (genus Macaca) and Papio hamadryas (genus Papio) is shown. On the basis of these data it is supposed that in the divergency process of these species the chromosome microaberrations and molecular mutations played an important role, while large chromosome reconstructions were of no importance. The similar G-banding pattern of both metacentric chromosome arms in two species is found and this suggests an isochromosome mechanism of their occurance.