The state of periodontal and tooth tissues after the introduction of preventive measures among the children of Tavoush region, Republic of Armenia.

The stomatological survey of Tavoush region schoolchildren showed, that the caries intensity formed on average 90.8-96.8%. The dental caries intensity of schoolchildren corresponded to the average and high levels of caries intensity according to WHO gradation and didn't differ depending on the habitation environment. The state value of periodontal tissues showed a tendency increase of periodontal tissue lesions' indices: there has been diagnosed a periodontal pocket with the depth of 4-5mm among the juveniles in 2.04% cases. The introduction of preventive measures in RA had the aim to reduce the indices of dental caries prevalence and intensity among 6- and 12-year-old children in the Republic, but the analysis of obtained data showed that the prophylaxis program turned out to be inefficient, as worsening of indices of stomatological status has taken place.

Un resbalón diagnóstico: luxación rotuliana traumática no sospechada. Signos directos e indirectos observados por resonancia magnética / A diagnostic pitfall: unsuspected patellar traumatic luxation. MRI direct and indirect signs

Propósito: Nos llamó la atención la frecuencia de luxaciones rotulianas traumáticas (LRT) no sospechadas durante la consulta y el examen físico de pacientes que exploramos por gonalgia o inestabilidad mediante resonancia magnética (RM). Nuestro Objetivo es demostrar los signos de LRT que hallamos en estos pacientes y las estructuras anatómicas que resultan más frecuentemente afectadas. Material y método: Diez y ocho pacientes con LRT fueron explorados mediante RM con cortes axiales, coronales y sagitales ponderados en T1 y T2. Resultados: El 61,1 por ciento de los pacientes no presentaba sospecha de LRT antes del examen y relataba un episodio de esguince o traumatismo como comienzo de los síntomas; el 83,3 por ciento mostró lesión del retináculo interno y el ligamento femoropatelar (LFP). Las contusiones óseas en la cara medial de la rótula estuvieron presentes en el 88,8 por ciento y en el borde lateral del cóndilo femoral externo en el 100 por ciento. El 1,1 por ciento mostró un fragmento óseo patelar desprendido y el 55,5 por ciento mostró lateral del cóndilo femoral externo en el 100 por ciento. El 1,1 por ciento mostró un fragmento óseo patelar desprendido y el 55,5 por ciento mostró lateral del cóndilo femoral externo en el 100 por ciento. El 1,1 por ciento mostró un fragmento óseo patelar desprendido y el 55,5 por ciento mostró condromalacia traumática. Todos presentaron derrame articular. "Patela alta" se comprobó en el 55,5 por ciento de los casos. La rótula subluxada estuvo presente en el 72,2 por ciento. Conclusión: La LRT pasa muchas veces desapercibida en la consulta traumatológica. La RM constituye en un método eficáz para su diagnóstico, siempre y cuando se interpreten correctamente los signos de presentación de esta patología. El diagnóstico correcto de una lesión no sospechada puede provocar un cambio en la terapéutica y el manejo del paciente

Un resbalón diagnóstico: luxación rotuliana traumática no sospechada. Signos directos e indirectos observados por resonancia magnética / A diagnostic pitfall: unsuspected patellar traumatic luxation. MRI direct and indirect signs

Propósito: Nos llamó la atención la frecuencia de luxaciones rotulianas traumáticas (LRT) no sospechadas durante la consulta y el examen físico de pacientes que exploramos por gonalgia o inestabilidad mediante resonancia magnética (RM). Nuestro Objetivo es demostrar los signos de LRT que hallamos en estos pacientes y las estructuras anatómicas que resultan más frecuentemente afectadas. Material y método: Diez y ocho pacientes con LRT fueron explorados mediante RM con cortes axiales, coronales y sagitales ponderados en T1 y T2. Resultados: El 61,1 por ciento de los pacientes no presentaba sospecha de LRT antes del examen y relataba un episodio de esguince o traumatismo como comienzo de los síntomas; el 83,3 por ciento mostró lesión del retináculo interno y el ligamento femoropatelar (LFP). Las contusiones óseas en la cara medial de la rótula estuvieron presentes en el 88,8 por ciento y en el borde lateral del cóndilo femoral externo en el 100 por ciento. El 1,1 por ciento mostró un fragmento óseo patelar desprendido y el 55,5 por ciento mostró lateral del cóndilo femoral externo en el 100 por ciento. El 1,1 por ciento mostró un fragmento óseo patelar desprendido y el 55,5 por ciento mostró lateral del cóndilo femoral externo en el 100 por ciento. El 1,1 por ciento mostró un fragmento óseo patelar desprendido y el 55,5 por ciento mostró condromalacia traumática. Todos presentaron derrame articular. "Patela alta" se comprobó en el 55,5 por ciento de los casos. La rótula subluxada estuvo presente en el 72,2 por ciento. Conclusión: La LRT pasa muchas veces desapercibida en la consulta traumatológica. La RM constituye en un método eficáz para su diagnóstico, siempre y cuando se interpreten correctamente los signos de presentación de esta patología. El diagnóstico correcto de una lesión no sospechada puede provocar un cambio en la terapéutica y el manejo del paciente (AU)

Relationship between the development of diaphragma sellae and the morphology of the sella turcica and its content.

The impaired formation of the diaphragma sellae may lead to the development of the empty-sella syndrome. This structure, when fully formed, is a protective barrier against the pulsating action that the cerebrospinal fluid exerts on the sellar content. There are anatomical features which support this belief, but they also suggest that the development of the diaphragma sellae is a factor which determines the morphology of the sella turcica and its contents. Those human specimens which do not have diaphragma sellae or in which it is only partially developed, are characterized by a smaller hypophysis, always located at the inferior and/or posterior half of the sella, with a larger sellar volume and frequently greater fragility of its bony walls. These findings, although rare (5% of the cases), are indirect signs of the important role which the diaphragma sellae plays in the sellar region.

[Demonstration of a reovirus in helicopter disease of broilers]. / Dokazvane na reovirus na "khelikoptera bolest" pri broileri.

A reovirus was isolated from 5-13-day-old broiler birds with signs of the so-called helicopter disease--one of the forms of the malabsorption syndrome. A number of organs were investigated (trachea, liver, spleen, bursa of Fabricius, proventricular stomach, and tendon sheath of musculus gastrocnemius). The virus was isolated from the proventricular stomach and the tendon sheath in cell cultures of chick embryo kidney as well as in 5-7-day-old chick embryos inoculated in the yolk sac. The remaining organs proved virologically negative. All organs, including the primarily positive ones, were shown to be virologically negative upon the inoculation of chick embryo fibroblast cultures and of chorioallantoic membranes of 10-11-day-old chick embryos. The isolate was identified as an avian reovirus, and was denoted with the initials R-85--on the grounds of its biologic and physico-chemical properties, of its morphology (negative-contrast electron microscopy), and of its morphogenesis (ultrathin electron-microscopic cross sections). Investigated were the histopathologic changes in chick embryos inoculated with the R-85 reovirus and the pathologic changes in the liver of spontaneously affected birds.

[Diagnostic value of symptoms in chick embryo pathology]. / Diagnostichna znachimost na priznatsite v patologiiata na kokoshiia zarodish.

The diagnostic significance (quantitative value, weight) of the symptoms in a broad sense (pathologicoanatomic, clinical, laboratory and other data) in the diseases of the bird embryo was studied. On the basis of a complex of criteria an expert rating from 1 to 4 to 342 symptoms in 58 diseases of the bird embryo was given. The interpretation of the symptoms which are evaluated, gives an opportunity for a more precise diagnosis in comparison with the classical method, in which the symptoms are not evaluated. The quantitative exactness of the diagnostic significance according to the 4th rating scale represents an important precondition for developing algorithms, planning and computerizing of the diagnostic process in the diseases of the bird embryo.

[Rapid method for determining the drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria]. / Ekspresen metod za opredeliane lekarstvenata chuvstvitel'nost na gramnegativni bakterii.

Comparative studies led to the working out of a new diffusion indicative method for the rapid determination of drug sensitivity in Gram-negative bacteria. It is a modification of the diffusion method, consisting in the use of an indicator medium, bromothymol blue in glucose agar, instead of the meat peptone agar or other routinely employed nutritive media. The new method makes it possible to record rapidly the drug sensitivity of bacteria--only for 4-6 hours (compared with 24 hours with the conventional method). Besides, the new method is readily applicable, precise, distinctive and rapid.

[Rapid method for the simultaneous determination of bacterial urease and phenylalanine desaminase]. / Uskoren metod za ednovremenno opredeliane ureazata i fenilalanin dezaminazata na bakteriite.

Tested was an accelerated method for the evaluation of urease and phenylalanine desaminase of a total of 327 strains of E. coli, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. braenderup, S. tennessee, P. vulgaris, P. mirabilis, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Citrobacter that were subjected to a preliminary identification with routine methods. It was established that the method tested had the following advantages as compared to the classical methods employed up to then in the laboratory practice: --100% positive results were obtained up to the 4th hour, i. e. the method appeared 6 times more rapid, and the overall result was obtained one day earlier; --the two enzymes were studied simultaneously; --the expenditures in connection with the use of nutrient medium per one test were several times lower. Suggested is the timely adoption of the accelerated method in the laboratory practice.

[Causes of death in chicks in the 1st days after hatching]. / Prouchvane na prichinite za smurtnostta po piletata prez purvite dni sled izliupvaneto.

Scientific and productional experiments and complex investigations were carried out on breeding eggs, chick embryos, newly hatched birds, and ecologic habitats of two broiler dressing combines. It was found that the basic reasons for the morbidity and mortality of chicks in the first days following hatching were: the eggs chosen for hatching were of a lower biologic value due to deficient feeding (1); the veterinary, sanitary, and hygiene requirements with regard to the production, shipping, storing, and hatching of breeding eggs were overlooked (2); the little birds were offered feed mixtures of low value, along with admission of other drawback in their feeding (3); during the first days of raising the birds were kept at lower temperatures and lower relative humidity on the premises.

[Intrauterine bacterial and mycotic infections in cows]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu bakterialnite i mikotichnite intrauterinni infektsii pri kravi.

Bacteriologic, mycologic, and serologic investigations of cows and calves and three experiments with rabbits were carried out to shed light on the bacteriology and mycology of the intrauterine infections in cows. The following organisms were isolated from the investigated cows that exhibited disturbances in their reproduction, and had abortions, or gave birth to calves that were affected with diseases or died: Escherichia coli (17.84%), association of bacteria (7.64%); Vibrio genitalis (3.86%); Streptococcus sp. (2.78%); moulds (2.54%); Staphylococcus aureus (2.20%); Proteus sp. (1.62%); Staphylococcus epidermidis (1.39%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.39%); Pasteurella multocida (0.11%). The serologic investigation of a total of 231 blood samples from cows that miscarried, gave birth to dead calves, or failed to conceive revealed that in 15.58 per cent there was vibriosis, and in 6.06 per cent--leptospirosis. Demonstrated was the etiologic link between cows with reproductive disturbances and diseased calves with regard to vibriosis and leptospirosis. The tests with rabbits were indicative of bacterial carriers (with special reference to the genitalia) up to the 60th day following infection. There were abortions, sterility, and death cases and the birth of unviable bunnies in the case of reproduced coital infections with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

[Crew nutrition on the Saliut-6 orbital station]. / Pitanie ékipazhei orbital'noi stantsii "Saliut-6".

The space diets used in flight of five permanent Salyut-6 crews were instrumental in assuring their adequate nutritional status and work capacity required to fulfill flight programs. Some of them complained that sterile canned foods became distasteful; due to this, a space diet consisting of 65% freeze-dried foodstuffs was developed and tested.

[Crew nutrition of the 3 base expeditions of the Saliut-6 orbital station]. / Pitanie ékipazhei trekh osnovnykh ékspeditsii orbital'noi stantsii "Saliut-6".

The paper describes the use of advanced space diets of three prime crews who made 96-, 140- and 175-day flights aboard Salyut-6. It is concluded that the diets facilitated maintenance of a good nutrient status, high work capacity and normal health condition.

[Peripheral blood picture following dietary changes and neuro-emotional stress]. / Kartina perifericheskoi krovi pri izmennom pitanii i nervo-émotsional'nom napriazhenii.

The effects of diets prepared for prolonged space flights and stress exposures on peripheral blood of 42 healthy male test subjects was studied. The morphology of peripheral blood remained essentially unaltered, when test subjects were given dehydrated diets (freshly prepared, stored for 2 years and exposed to proton irradiation of a dose of 24,000 rad) or Salyut-6 space diet. Stress effects brought about neutrophil leukocytosis and lymphopenia which could be prevented with dietary supplements.