Spatiotemporal characteristics of glycogen content in rat liver lobule.

We evaluated spatiotemporal characteristics of glycogen content in cells of rat liver lobule. Glycogen content in the liver lobule and its circulatory subzones underwent diurnal fluctuations with acrophase at 5.00. Spatial changes were characterized by a dependence of gradients in the lobule on the phase of diurnal rhythmic fluctuations. Total glycogen content in the peripheral subzone of the lobule 5.2-fold surpassed that in the central subzone. Our results illustrate spatiotemporal organization of glycogen content in the liver lobule.

[Spatial and temporary changes in sensitivity of murine proliferative system and energy exchange to typhoid fever infection]. / Prostranstvennye i vremennye izmeneniia chuvstvitel'nosti sistem proliferatsii i énergeticheskogo obmena u myshei k vozdeistviiu briushnotifoznoi infektsii.

The authors studied the spatial and temporary organization of the proliferative system and energy exchange in the small intestinal epithelium, as well as spatial and temporary changes in the sensitivity of these systems in mice to typhoid fever infection (cultured Salmonella typhi, 4446) at day and night. The small intestinal epithelial systems were found to show a spatial and time organization and a close correlation between their temporary and spatial changes after infection. The temporary organization of the proliferative system in the esophageal epithelium is more sensitive to infection in the day-time and that of the small intestinal epithelial proliferative system is more marked at night. Thus, these changes are tissue-specific. Typhoid fever infection causes a negative effect on the proliferative system of the small intestine at night and on its energy exchange in the day-time, which shows the system-specific response of the temporary organization of a biological process within the same organ. The changes in the spatial proliferative and energy exchange parameters in the small intestinal epithelium, which have been caused by the infection of animals, depend on the time of a day.

[Space-time organization of cellular systems in the normal and pathologic states]. / Prostranstvenno-vremennaia organizatsiia kletochnykh sistem v norme i patologii.

The time-space organization of biological systems, cell systems in particular, is one of the most important problems of current theoretical biology having medical implications. The presented view of the general structure of the temporal organization of biosystems and their development in the course of life evolution interprets the temporal organization of a living system as a complex of regular changes in time, the biological rhythms included, its structures and functions which are interactive and show relationships with cyclic alterations of environmental conditions. A special organization is composed of a group of different structures and related functions which are arranged according to a certain pattern in the space occupied by the biological system and interact with each other. The experimental evidence obtained in studies of the proliferative and metabolic systems of the liver, testify to the existence of a general time-space organization in the cell systems. This organization represents an entity formed by the cellular temporal and special organizations and maintained by relationships and interactions between them.

[Space-time changes in isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the rat liver]. / Prostranstvenno-vremennýe izmeneniia aktivnosti izotsitratdegidrogenazy v pecheni krys.

The author describes a quantitative histochemical test of NAD- and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (ic-NAD and ic-NADP) activity changes in relation to the time of day and topographic locality in the hepatic lobule. It was established that activity of the enzymes was characterized by monophase circadian rhythms, with the phase of ic-NAD activity observed in the dark period and ic-NADP activity in the light period of day. Rhythmic fluctuations in ic-NAD activity in different regions of the lobule were more synchronized than those in ic-NADP activity. Spatial changes in the activity of both the enzymes were fairly similar, decreasing from the center to the periphery of the lobule up to the end of the median and peripheral area. The changes in ic-NADP activity were more uniform in nature as compared to those seen in ic-NAD. The most demonstrable differences in the activity of both enzymes among adjacent hepatocytes could not be localized to any particular area in the lobule, moving regularly through its areas during the day. Thus, the functional heterogeneity of hepatocytes should be studied, from the standpoint of the activity of the enzymes, in close relation with time and space changes in their metabolism.

Preparation and study of composite insecticido-repellent aerosols.

Insecticido-repellent mixtures sprayed on clothes, nets etc. are useful as a means of protection against attack by bloodsucking arthropods. These sprays provide repellence of insects sensitive to the repellent and kill those that are only weakly repellent sensitive. Combined formulae for aerosols including repellent DETA and the synthetic pyrethroid neopynamin ("Neorepellent-2") or sumithrin ("Sumirepellent") were proposed. The composite sprays were studied in an olfactometer fleas (X. cheopis) and under practical conditions by treating clothes with 7-15 g of mixture per 1 m2. The composite sprays gave 100% repellence for fleas and mosquitoes, 80-50% repellence for simuliids, 65-70% repellence for ceratopogonids and tabanids, 90-95% for ticks, and they killed 100% of insects having contacted treated surface. As regards Ixodes ticks, "Sumirepellent" was more effective than "Neorepellent-2" and caused irreversible paralysis. Toxicological tests showed the composite sprays to be safe in broad-scale practical use provided that measures of precaution were kept.

[Space-time characteristics of the activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in the rat liver lobule]. / Prostranstvenno-vremennaia kharakteristika aktivnosti beta-oksibutiratdegidrogenazy v dol'ke pecheni krys.

Experiments were made on normal male rats weighing 180-200 g kept over 2 weeks before sacrifice in the light (12 h) and in the dark (12 h). The activity of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH) in hepatocytes was detected by histochemistry. The quantitative determination of the enzymatic activity (EA) was performed on a scanning cytophotometer. The whole lobule, its zones and subzones demonstrated circadian rhythms of EA with a maximum being attained at 9 and minimum at 21 o'clock. The circadian rhythms were also inherent in the mean magnitude of EA changes per cell position both in the whole lobule and its zones. Unlike circadian rhythms of the absolute indices of EA, these rhythms in the lobular zones were discovered to be asynchronous. The maximum magnitude of EA changes from cell to cell manifested circadian rhythms characterized by its spatial displacement through the lobular zones. The highest absolute values of EA were seen in the central parts of the lobule decreasing towards the periphery. It is suggested that the functional heterogeneity of hepatocytes changes in space and time.

[The minimum effective dosages of repellents]. / Zur Frage der minimalen effektiven Dosierungen der Repellents

Method of thin-layer chromatography was used to estimate threshold dosages of diethytoluamide, benzoylhexamethylene, dihexamethylenecarbamide, diethilamide of phenoxyacetic acid and dimethylphthalate for repelling of mosquitoes (Aedes hexodontus, Aedes vexans, Aedes caspius caspius), simuliids (Simulium venustrum), midges (Culicoides obsoletus) and sand-flies (Phlebotomus papatsi). Maximum sensitivity to all the preparations studied was shown by sand-flies (Phlebotomus papatasi, and most sensitive to repellents, out of all the studied species of mosquitoes, were Aedes caspius caspius. Giving recommendations on pellents one must take into consideration the level of sensitivity to repellents of dominating species of blood-sucking arthropods.