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1.
Clin Rev Allergy Immunol ; 20(3): 341-55, 2001 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11413903

RESUMO

Asthma continues to be a challenging disease to treat in both the inpatient and outpatient settings. The growing database on therapeutic interventions at the time of transition from the acute to chronic phase of this disease is encouraging. Glucocorticoids and inhaled beta-agonists clearly reduce readmission and relapse. Other medications and educational interventions also appear effective. Still, no true discharge guidelines have been established. Multiple statements by consensus panels have recommended using FEV1 or PEFR as indicators of readiness for discharge, but this has not been prospectively validated from either the emergency department or inpatient setting. In contrast, some studies argue that pulmonary functions do not accurately predict relapse and readmission, so the usefulness of these discharge recommendations is debatable. Large studies, especially in the adult asthmatic population, are needed to validate these recommendation.


Assuntos
Asma/tratamento farmacológico , Alta do Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Asma/etiologia , Asma/prevenção & controle , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Doença Crônica , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
2.
Clin Chest Med ; 21(1): 1-9, vii, 2000 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10763086

RESUMO

Numerous epidemiological studies have linked tobacco use with a wide variety of diseases. Strong government-supported anti-smoking campaigns have decreased the prevalence of smoking in many developed countries, including the United States. However, it remains a major public health pariah. In developing countries, such as China, cigarette smoking and other forms of tobacco use continue to increase. If unchecked this will eventually lead to 10 million deaths per year worldwide. Even in the United States, the prevalence of smoking is rising in crucial population groups such as adolescents. Recent advances have made physicians more able to help patients quit smoking, but organized campaigns must be further strengthened to prevent the initiation of tobacco use, especially in the young.


Assuntos
Fumar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Educação em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Fumar/economia , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia
4.
Infect Immun ; 59(11): 4147-53, 1991 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1718870

RESUMO

Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), E4, L1-4, and L1-24, to the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis were identified that neutralized in vitro the infectivity of members of the B- and C-related complex as well as the mouse pneumonitis strain. MAbs L1-4, L1-24, and E4 gave a strong signal in an indirect immunofluorescence assay and/or Western immunoblot with all serovars of the lymphogranuloma venereum and trachoma biovars and a weak signal with the mouse biovar. In addition, C. psittaci and C. pneumoniae were also weakly recognized by MAbs L1-4 and L1-24. As determined by the technique of pneumoniae were also weakly recognized by MAbs L1-4 and L1-24. As determined by by the technique of overlapping peptides, all three MAbs showed reactivity to variable domain (VD) IV of MOMP. While all three MAbs had different recognition patterns, all strongly bound to the peptides TLNPTI and LNPTIA within the species-conserved region of VD IV. MAb E4 also recognized the peptide SATAIF in the subspecies region of VD IV. Peptides corresponding to VD IV of MOMP were synthesized and used in competitive inhibition experiments to determine the functional location of the epitope recognized by these three MAbs. Both the serological and neutralizing activities of MAb E4 were inhibited by the peptides ATAIFDTTTLNPTIAG and FDTTTLNPTIAG; however, none of the peptides made to the VD IV region blocked the neutralizing activity of MAbs L1-4 and L1-24. Therefore, the neutralizable domain of the epitope recognized by MAb E4 is contiguous and may be an important candidate for inclusion in a subunit vaccine.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/imunologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Antígenos de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Sequência de Bases , Ligação Competitiva , Clonagem Molecular , Epitopos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Oligonucleotídeos/química , Peptídeos/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Alinhamento de Sequência
5.
Infect Immun ; 59(3): 1196-201, 1991 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1997423

RESUMO

DNA from Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L3, C, and E corresponding to the open reading frames of the 60-kDa protein and of a putative 15-kDa protein was sequenced. The open reading frames coding for the 60-kDa protein had 1,641 bp in the three serovars. Compared with the L3 serovar, there were 9 and 11 amino acid changes in the C and E serovars, respectively. The open reading frames corresponding to the putative 15-kDa protein had 450, 456, and 453 bp for the L3, C, and E serovars, respectively. When compared with the L3 serovar, the C and E serovars had 14 and 16 amino acid differences, respectively.


Assuntos
Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Linfogranuloma Venéreo/microbiologia , Tracoma/microbiologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Variação Genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta
7.
Infect Immun ; 58(4): 938-43, 1990 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2318536

RESUMO

Sera from seven patients from whom a C. trachomatis serovar L2 strain was isolated were tested in vitro for their ability to neutralize the infectivity of this organism. In one patient an inguinal lymph node was culture positive, whereas the remaining six patients had positive rectal biopsies. Sera from four of the patients, including the patient with the lymph node isolate, failed to neutralize serovar L2(434). In addition, the homologous strain recovered from the inguinal lymph node was available and was resistant to neutralization by the homologous sera. However, the same sera effectively neutralized a trachoma serovar, E(Bour). All four sera had inclusion immunofluorescent-antibody titers to C. trachomatis serovar L2 of 2,048 to 16,384 and microimmunofluorescent-antibody titers to the lymphogranuloma venereum biovar were equal or higher in all cases than to the 12 serovars of the trachoma biovar. The three remaining sera, while neutralizing the infectivity of the L2 strains tested, neutralized serovar E to a greater extent. These sera had the same inclusion immunofluorescent antibody titers as the sera that failed to neutralize serovar L2. To see whether this difference in the sensitivity of the biovars toward neutralization could be characterized, sera were obtained from mice immunized with different doses of both serovars L2 and E. Sera obtained from mice immunized with serovar E were able to effectively neutralize the homologous strain. In contrast, neutralization of the immunizing strain, L2(UCI-20), was not seen with sera obtained on days 7, 14, and 21 after immunization from animals receiving 8 x 10(5) and 8 x 10(4) inclusion-forming units of L2(UCI-20); however, these same sera neutralized serovar E. However, with a higher immunizing dose of L2 (10(7) IFUs), both E and L2 were neutralized with sera obtained 7 and 14 days after immunization. Therefore, the relative resistance to neutralization by serovar L2 compared with that of serovar E in the mouse model was inoculum dependent.


Assuntos
Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Soros Imunes/imunologia , Linfogranuloma Venéreo/microbiologia , Tracoma/microbiologia , Animais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/análise , Chlamydia trachomatis/patogenicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Imunização , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Testes de Neutralização , Virulência
8.
Plasmid ; 23(2): 144-8, 1990 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2362949

RESUMO

An L2 serovar of Chlamydia trachomatis, isolated from a patient with proctocolitis, has been identified that does not contain the common C. trachomatis 7.5-kb plasmid. This isolate was propagated in vitro showing that this plasmid is not required for the growth of C. trachomatis.


Assuntos
Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Plasmídeos , Sequência de Bases , Chlamydia trachomatis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sondas de DNA , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Sondas de Oligonucleotídeos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Mapeamento por Restrição
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