RESUMO
Samples of one lichen species, Parmotrema crinitum, and one bromeliad species, Tillandsia usneoides, were collected in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at four sites differently affected by anthropogenic pollution. The concentrations of aluminum, cadmium, copper, iron, lanthanum, lead, sulfur, titanium, zinc, and zirconium were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. The environmental diagnosis was established by examining compositional changes via perturbation vectors, an underused family of methods designed to circumvent the problem of closure in any compositional dataset. The perturbation vectors between the reference site and the other three sites were similar for both species, although body concentration levels were different. At each site, perturbation vectors between lichens and bromeliads were approximately the same, whatever the local pollution level. It should thus be possible to combine these organisms, though physiologically different, for air quality surveys, after making all results comparable with appropriate correction. The use of perturbation vectors seems particularly suitable for assessing pollution level by biomonitoring, and for many frequently met situations in environmental geochemistry, where elemental ratios are more relevant than absolute concentrations.
Assuntos
Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , Poluição do Ar/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Líquens/química , Metais Pesados/análise , Tillandsia/química , BrasilRESUMO
Total mercury concentrations were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in muscle tissue of two commercially important species of carnivorous fishes croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) and cutlassfish (Trichiurus lepturus) caught in Itaipu estuary, Rio de Janeiro. In this study, whitemouth croaker presented more mercury than Atlantic cutlassfish. Bioaccumulation differences can be explained by the biological behavior of juveniles whitemouth croaker, that remain in the estuary up to maturity, which makes them good indicators of local environmental impacts (0.110 mg Kg(-1) HgT). It also can be explained by differences in nutritional requirements between the different life stages of two species. The analysis showed the presence of low levels of the metal. However, our results suggest a possible risk to human health, depending on the level of fish consumption.
Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Peixes/metabolismo , Mercúrio/análise , Músculos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Animais , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Brasil , Peixes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cadeia Alimentar , Humanos , Mercúrio/farmacocinética , Perciformes/metabolismo , Poluentes Químicos da Água/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
On the Southeastern coast of Brazil the presence of many archaeological shellmounds offers a great potential for studying the radiocarbon marine reservoir effect (MRE). However, very few such studies are available for this region. These archaeological settlements, mostly dating from 5 to 2 kyr cal BP, include both terrestrial and marine remains in good stratigraphic context and secure association, enabling the comparison of different carbon reservoirs. In a previous study the chronology of the Sambaqui da Tarioba, located in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, was established based on marine mollusc shells and charcoal samples from hearths, from several layers in two excavated sectors. We now compare the different materials with the aim of studying the MRE in this region. Calibration was performed with Oxford software OxCal v4.2.3 using the marine curve Marine13 with an undetermined offset to account for local corrections for shell samples, and the atmospheric curve SHCal13 for charcoal samples. The distribution of results considering a phase model indicates a ΔR value of -127 ± 67 (14)C yr in the 1 sigma range and the multi-paired approach leads to a mean value of -110 ± 94 (14)C yr.
Assuntos
Exoesqueleto/química , Radioisótopos de Carbono/análise , Moluscos/química , Datação Radiométrica , Animais , Arqueologia , Brasil , CalibragemRESUMO
O autor procura estabelecer as bases teoricas do metodo conhecido como Atencao Primaria a Saude, salientando as precarias condicoes de saude e de bem-estar geral da maioria das populacoes materno-infantis do Terceiro Mundo, inclusive o Brasil. Menciona a Assembleia da OMS em Alma Ata e descreve as principais tentativas de implantacao da A.P.S. no Brasil em anos recentes
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
O autor procura estabelecer os principais ditames praticos na aplicacao do metodo conhecido como Atencao Primaria a Saude, mostrando algumas dificuldades na sua implantacao, determinadas principalmente pelos niveis desfavoraveis de consciencia social das populacoes alvo e pelas atitudes culturais alienadas dos governantes e de seus tecnicos
Assuntos
Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
O autor faz uma revisao de classificacao e de algumas propriedades dos virus em geral descreve as principais caracteristicas patologicas dos virus respiratorios e tece consideracoes acerca de clinica e da prevencao secundaria das doencas causadas por estes virus
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Orthomyxoviridae , Infecções Respiratórias , VirosesAssuntos
Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Humanos , Infecções Respiratórias , Viroses , Infecções por Adenoviridae , Vírus da Parainfluenza 2 Humana , RhinovirusRESUMO
O autor estuda a situacao desfavoravel da populacao materno-infantil de baixa renda no Brasil, comparando com a escassez de recursos para o atendimento dos seus problemas de saude e sugere, como solucao imediata, a adocao do metodo chamado Assistencia Primaria a Saude ou Atencao Primaria a Saude. Informa sobre a sua aceitacao e sugestao pela Organizacao Mundial da Saude e sobre a implantacao de projeto semelhante pelo Ministerio da Saude nas cidades de ate 20.000 habitantes no Nordeste do Brasil
