The use of photosynthetic pigments and SPAD can help in the selection of bean genotypes under fertilization organic and mineral.

The common bean is cultivated in all regions of the country, representing a product of great economic and social importance. In order to ensure food security in the world, it is necessary to create alternatives to reduce the dependence on fertilizers and seeds, and in this context, organic agriculture is a sustainable alternative to ensure it. Therefore, it becomes necessary to adapt rapid methods to monitor plant nutrition in real-time. The reflectance index determined by SPAD and pigment determination can be a sustainable alternative to identify genotypes in different fertilizations (organic × mineral fertilizer). The research hypothesis is to monitor nutritional management through pigment levels and reflectance index in common bean cultivars and their adaptation into different types of fertilization (organic × mineral fertilizer). Therefore, the objective of the research was to evaluate the common bean genotypes of the type carioca, in different fertilizations (organic × mineral fertilizer), and their effects on photosynthetic pigments, and the relationship between SPAD reflectance index and productivity. The experimental design used was a 2 × 7 factorial in randomized blocks with four replications: The first factor was the fertilization (organic × mineral fertilizer)and the second were the 7 genotypes (UFU-1; UFU-2; UFU-3; UFU-4; UFU-5; UFU-6 UFU-7), with UFU-1 being a hybrid obtained between genotypes UFU-4 and UFU-7; UFU-2 and UFU-3 were commercial genotypes; and UFU-4, UFU-5, UFU-6 and UFU-7 were genotypes from the UFU germplasm bank, located in the city of Monte Carmelo, Brazil. Evaluations were carried out for the agronomic characteristics of the plants, which were: height, number of branches, length and volume of roots, dry matter, leaf area index, number of flowers, number of pods, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, and productivity of the genotypes. The results were compared with chlorophyll content and SPAD reflectance index, and the genotypes showed distinct behavior for each fertilization (organic × mineral fertilizer). The genotypes recommended for the organic fertilizer were UFU-2, UFU-6, and UFU-7, which showed higher productivity. For themineral fertilizer, the best-adapted genotype was UFU-4, with a higher productive yield. In conclusion, we can affirm that the highest chlorophyll and SPAD indices can help select common bean genotypes with higher productivity and adaptation within the organic fertilizer being this the main focus of this research. However, the other variables carried out during this research also demonstrated to have significant effects, so they could be analyzed individually and could offer valuable information in the selection of the best-adapted genotypes.

Alcohol, place conditioning, and male rats: A systematic review of outcome prediction.

Although Place Conditioning (PC) has been used to study the motivational effects of alcohol for almost 50 years, variables and situations in which alcohol induces PC in rats are still unclear, especially for short PC protocols (up to 10 conditioning trials). The aim of this systematic review was to predict primary outcomes (namely, conditioning failure, conditioned place aversion (CPA), and conditioned place preference (CPP)) of alcohol-induced PC with male outbred rats. We sought relevant records in PUBMED and two other sources. Two reviewers independently assessed records for eligible articles (those meeting all inclusion criteria), selected alcohol-induced PC experiments (those meeting no exclusion criteria) from eligible articles, extracted data, and assessed the quality of included studies. We then conducted a predictive analysis of outcomes by examining procedure-outcome relations according to variables known to affect associative learning, alcohol interventions in rats, and PC interventions themselves. We selected 192 experiments (133 short protocols, 27 long protocols, and 32 protocols with alcohol pre-exposure) from 62 articles to compose the review. Rates of conditioning failure are mainly predicted by interactions of alcohol dose and the number of habituation sessions and conditioning trials. Different conditions (housing systems) and characteristics (age and weight) of animals predict CPA and CPP: higher rates of CPA are predicted by single-housed, older, and heavier animals, while higher rates of CPP are predicted by group-housed, younger, and lighter animals. We recommend settings for CPP induction in short protocols, discuss the broad theoretical and translational consequences of the predictive analysis for the use of PC in alcohol research, and specify variables needing more careful investigation. This review could improve our understanding of the results of alcohol-induced PC with rats, refine our understanding of the motivational function of alcohol and alcohol-seeking behavior triggered by environmental contexts, and open new avenues of research on their neurobiological basis.

Variation in the dynamic of absorption and efficiency of phosphorus use in tomato.

Changes in root growth and metabolism of P in tomato cultivars are necessary in acidic soils in tropical and subtropical regions in response to P deficiency. This increase in the efficiency of phosphorus absorption by tomatoes can significantly reduce the doses of phosphate fertilizers used, as well as, possibly, the more immediate use of P fixed in the soil matrix, with favorable effects on agricultural sustainability, promoting the use of marginal areas in terms of soil fertility, and the national fertilizer economy. The tested hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the uptake and utilization of P by tomato cultivars; therefore, this study investigated the variation in the dynamics of absorption and efficiency of P-use through changes in the root, stem, leaf, gas exchange, and P-use efficiency in tomato cultivars contrasting P-absorption. The experimental design comprised a factorial scheme consisting of two cultivars that were tolerant and sensitive to P deficiency and three P concentrations (control, moderate deficiency, and severe deficiency). P limitation in the tolerant cultivar promoted high dry matter concentration (root, stem, and leaf), leaf area, root volume, nutrient translocation, rate of leaf gas exchange, and efficiency under P-deficiency stress. It was concluded from the research that the variation in the dynamics of absorption and efficiency of P use of the tolerant cultivar increased the production of roots, leaves, and leaf gas exchange under P stress conditions.

Low-cost apparatus for cigarette smoke exposure in rats.

BACKGROUND: The effects of tobacco smoke on the central nervous system are usually studied with isolated nicotine, ignoring other compounds present in cigarette smoke. The few studies that use in vivo whole-body cigarette smoke exposure are usually performed in expensive commercial apparatus. NEW METHOD: We presented a feasible, safe, and low-cost apparatus for cigarette smoke exposure in rodents. RESULTS: Rats exposed to cigarette smoke in this apparatus showed cotinine levels similar to human active smokers. Additional results showed that cigarette smoke exposure increased glutamate and aspartic acid levels and decreased leucine, isoleucine, ornithine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): Our apparatus is feasible, safe, and costs 67-fold less than a commercial automatized smoking machine. Beyond the low cost, it does not require specialized knowledge for building or maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that our low-cost apparatus is reliable and reproduces cigarette smoke use in humans.

Levamisole, a cocaine cutting agent, induces acute and subchronic systemic alterations in Wistar rats.

The use of the anthelmintic levamisole as a cocaine adulterant has been increasing worldwide. Complications caused by this association include systemic vasculitis, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, tissue necrosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and renal injury. Data about toxicity of levamisole are scarce, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and subchronic toxic effects of levamisole in rats. Male Wistar rats received saline or levamisole by intraperitoneal route at the doses of 12, 24 and 36 mg/kg in the acute toxicity test; and at 3, 6 and 12 mg/kg in the subchronic toxicity test. Toxicity was evaluated using behavioral, cognitive, renal, hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Acute administration of levamisole caused behavioral and histopathological alterations. Subchronic administration caused behavioral, cognitive and hematological alterations (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively), impairment of liver and kidney functions (p < 0.05), and changes of antioxidant defenses (p ≤ 0.0001). Both administrations produced toxic effects of clinical relevance, which make levamisole a dangerous cutting agent. Furthermore, the knowledge of these effects can contribute to the correct diagnosis and treatment of cocaine dependents with unusual systemic alterations.

24-epibrassinolide induces protection against waterlogging and alleviates impacts on the root structures, photosynthetic machinery and biomass in soybean.

Plants exhibit several restrictions under waterlogging conditions, including stomatal limitations, negative impacts on gas exchange, lower nutrient uptake and reduced growth. 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) is a polyhydroxylated steroid, with the advantages to be a natural and biodegradable molecule, presenting beneficial roles in metabolic and physiological processes. The aim of this research is to investigate whether EBR can protect soybean plants against damage caused by waterlogging and evaluate the responses associated with the root and leaf anatomy, photosynthetic machinery and biomass. This study used a completely randomized factorial design with two water conditions (control and waterlogging) and three concentrations of 24-epibrassinolide (0, 5 and 10 nM EBR). This steroid stimulated the activities of enzymes linked to the antioxidant system and resulted in minor damage to the chloroplast membranes. EBR maximized the efficiency of photosystem II and improved the gas exchange, which was explained by the higher density and index of the stomata in addition to the increased chlorophyll content and electron transport rate. In root structures, EBR mitigated the impact of waterlogging on vascular cylinder and metaxilem, suggesting maintenance and functions of these structures in plants stressed.

Developmental Outcomes Among Young Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome in Brazil.

Importance: Although birth defects in children with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) are expected to result in significant intellectual disabilities, the extent of delay and profiles of development have yet to be fully described. Objectives: To describe the neurodevelopmental profiles of children with CZS and to test whether prenatal and postpartum characteristics were associated with the severity of developmental delays. Design, Setting, and Participants: This is a case series of the trajectories of developmental, behavioral, and medical needs of 121 young children with CZS who were assessed at a specialized rehabilitation center in Recife, Brazil, beginning in January 2018 as part of 5-year longitudinal study. Children were included if they had serologic confirmation of Zika virus and met clinical criteria accompanied by parental report of suspected exposure to Zika virus during pregnancy. Exposures: Prenatal Zika virus exposure. Main Outcomes and Measures: The Brazilian version of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, was administered by trained assessors as part of an initial comprehensive assessment battery. Caregiver interviews and medical record reviews were conducted to gather basic demographic information and medical comorbidities. Linear regression was used to identify potential factors for development. Results: The sample included 121 young children (mean [SD] age, 31.2 [1.9] months; 61 [50.4%] girls). At age approximately 2.5 years, nearly all children in this sample demonstrated profound developmental delays across all domains of functioning, with a mean (SD) developmental age equivalent to approximately 2 to 4 months (eg, cognitive domain, 2.24 [3.09] months; fine motor subscale, 2.15 [2.93] months; expressive language subscale, 2.30 [2.52] months). A relative strength was found in receptive language, with scores on this scale significantly higher than most other domains (eg, cognition: t = 3.73; P < .001; fine motor: t = 6.99; P < .001). Head circumference at birth was the single strongest factor associated with outcomes across all developmental domains (eg, cognitive: ß = 1.41; SE, 0.67; P = .04; fine motor: ß = 1.36; SE, 0.49; P = .007). Conclusions and Relevance: The findings of this study provide important information regarding the severity of disability that these children and their families will experience. The findings also establish an initial point from which to monitor developmental trajectories, medical comorbidities (eg, seizures), effectiveness of interventions, and cumulative consequences on families.

Mind the food: Survival, growth and fecundity of a Neotropical land planarian (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) under different diets.

Although most land planarians are sensitive to environmental changes, some species are well adapted to human-disturbed areas and are easily transported to new places, having the potential to threaten native ecosystems. We investigated growth and survival in a land planarian common in human-disturbed areas in southern Brazil. Specimens of Obama anthropophila were divided into three groups that received different diets: (1) only the land planarian Luteostriata abundans (N=13), (2) only the slug Deroceras leave (N=12), and (3) alternating both prey types (N=13). We monitored the weight of the specimens for a month and counted and weighed egg capsules. Planarians receiving a mixed diet tended to survive less than the groups receiving a single prey type; there were significant differences between those feeding on D. laeve and the other groups. Planarians with the mixed diet ate L. abundans more often than D. laeve, and those feeding only on L. abundans tended to eat more than the other groups. Most egg capsules were laid by specimens with a diet based on D. laeve but the mixed-diet group laid heavier capsules. Both prey species are suitable as food for O. anthropophila, although it prefers planarians when both food items are available. The constant alternation between food items seems to have adverse effects, perhaps related to physiological changes to digest different food items. The heavier egg capsules of the mixed-diet group, considering its lower survival, suggest terminal investment, i.e., an increased reproductive effort when approaching death. The ability to feed on both snails and planarians, combined with its proximity to humans, make O. anthropophila a potentially invasive species.

Tumor Transcriptome Reveals High Expression of IL-8 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Low Pectoralis Muscle Area and Reduced Survival.

Cachexia is a syndrome characterized by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with poor patient prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, prognostic cachexia biomarkers in NSCLC are unknown. Here, we analyzed computed tomography (CT) images and tumor transcriptome data to identify potentially secreted cachexia biomarkers (PSCB) in NSCLC patients with low-muscularity. We integrated radiomics features (pectoralis muscle, sternum, and tenth thoracic (T10) vertebra) from CT of 89 NSCLC patients, which allowed us to identify an index for screening muscularity. Next, a tumor transcriptomic-based secretome analysis from these patients (discovery set) was evaluated to identify potential cachexia biomarkers in patients with low-muscularity. The prognostic value of these biomarkers for predicting recurrence and survival outcome was confirmed using expression data from eight lung cancer datasets (validation set). Finally, C2C12 myoblasts differentiated into myotubes were used to evaluate the ability of the selected biomarker, interleukin (IL)-8, in inducing muscle cell atrophy. We identified 75 over-expressed transcripts in patients with low-muscularity, which included IL-6, CSF3, and IL-8. Also, we identified NCAM1, CNTN1, SCG2, CADM1, IL-8, NPTX1, and APOD as PSCB in the tumor secretome. These PSCB were capable of distinguishing worse and better prognosis (recurrence and survival) in NSCLC patients. IL-8 was confirmed as a predictor of worse prognosis in all validation sets. In vitro assays revealed that IL-8 promoted C2C12 myotube atrophy. Tumors from low-muscularity patients presented a set of upregulated genes encoding for secreted proteins, including pro-inflammatory cytokines that predict worse overall survival in NSCLC. Among these upregulated genes, IL-8 expression in NSCLC tissues was associated with worse prognosis, and the recombinant IL-8 was capable of triggering atrophy in C2C12 myotubes.

Tolerance to hydric stress on cultivars of silicon-fertilized corn crops: absorption and water-use efficiency / Tolerância ao estresse hídrico em cultivares de milho adubadas com silício: absorção e eficência no uso da água

Silicon (Si) plays specific functions in agriculture. Si is a beneficial element, as it accumulates at high amounts in plant tissue. Si accumulation in cell walls reduces water loss by transpiration and may be an adaptation factor to water stress. This study evaluated the efficiency of different corn crops using calcium silicate as a reducer of hydric stress. The experiment was organized in a factorial scheme, completely randomized, with two doses of calcium silicate (0 and 100 % according to soil liming) with two irrigation depths: (30 and 100 % of necessary water reposition in the soil) and two corn cultivars: (cv. BRS-1010) considered sensitive to hydric stress and (cv. DKB-390) tolerant to hydric stress. The study comprised four repetitions. We studied dry matter production on leaves and stem, weight of 1000 seeds and crop yield. We measured efficiency of gas exchange and water use to compare the different treatments. The results for stem and leaves dry matter were better in both cultivars when using calcium silicate, regardless of irrigation depth. Both corn cultivars cv. BRS-1010, sensitive to hydric stress, and cv. DKB-390, tolerant to hydric stress, had greater yield in the presence of calcium silicate, when at the smallest irrigation dose was applied. The treatment with calcium silicate was the most efficient in water use, using 30% of irrigation depth. Cv. DKB 390 was the most productive, with greater tolerance to water stress.

O silício (Si) desempenha funções específicas na agricultura, sendo considerado um elemento benéfico, pois se acumula em quantidades elevadas no tecido da planta. O acúmulo de Si nas paredes celulares reduz a perda de água pela transpiração e pode ser um fator de adaptação ao estresse hídrico. Este estudo avaliou a eficiência de diferentes cultivares de milho utilizando o silicato de cálcio como amenizador do estresse hídrico. O experimento foi organizado em esquema fatorial, inteiramente casualizado, com duas doses de silicato de cálcio (0 e 100% de acordo com a calagem do solo), com duas lâminas de irrigação (30 e 100% de reposição de água necessária no solo) e duas cultivares de milho: a (cv. BRS-1010) considerada sensível ao estresse hídrico e a (cv. DKB-390) tolerante ao estresse hídrico, com quatro repetições. Estudamos a produção de matéria seca em folhas e caule, o peso de 1000 sementes e o rendimento da cultura. Medimos a eficiência das trocas gasosas e do uso da água para comparar os diferentes tratamentos. Os resultados para matéria seca do caule e das folhas foram melhores em ambas as cultivares, quando utilizadas o silicato de cálcio, independente da lâmina de irrigação. As duas cultivares de milho estudadas, cv. BRS-1010 tolerante ao estresse hídrico e o DKB-390 tolerante ao estresse hídrico apresentaram maior produção na presença de silicato de cálcio, quando a menor lâmina de água foi aplicada. A maior eficiência no uso da água foi obtida no tratamento com silicato de cálcio, utilizando 30% de irrigação. A cv. DKB 390 foi a mais produtiva, com maior tolerância ao déficit hídrico.

Experimental use of new absorbable tracheal stent.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Silicone and metallic stents are not effective in children with tracheobronchial stenosis or tracheomalacia. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations and histological reaction of rabbit trachea to the presence of a new poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) with polyisoprene (PLGA/PI) polymer absorbable stent. METHODS: Fourteen adult white rabbits (weight, 3.0-3.5kg) were randomly assigned to three groups: Group I (n=6): PLGA/PI spiral stent; Group II (n=6): PLGA/PI fragment; and Group III (n=2): controls. After a longitudinal incision on three cervical tracheal rings, the stents and fragments were inserted into the trachea and fixed onto the lateral wall with nonabsorbable sutures. RESULTS: The stented group showed significantly more stridor at rest (p=0.0041), agitation (p=0.014), and use of accessory muscles (p=0.0002) and required more emergency endoscopies than the fragment group. Further, it showed significantly more remarkable histological inflammatory damage than the fragment and control groups (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The new PLGA/PI polymeric stent implanted into the trachea of rabbits caused more clinical manifestations and histologically verified inflammatory reaction than the PLGA/PI polymeric fragment. Future studies should be aimed at reducing the stent-wall thickness.

In vitro evaluation of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polyisoprene fibers for soft tissue engineering.

The polymeric blend of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and polyisoprene (PI) has recently been explored for application as stents for tracheal stenosis and spring for the treatment of craniosynostosis. From the positive results presented in other biomedical applications comes the possibility of investigating the application of this material as scaffold for tissue engineering (TE), acquiring a deeper knowledge about the polymeric blend by exploring a new processing technique while attending to the most fundamental demands of TE scaffolds. PLGA/PI was processed into randomly oriented microfibers through the dripping technique and submitted to physical-chemical and in vitro characterization. The production process of fibers did not show an effect over the polymer's chemical composition, despite the fact that PLGA and PI were observed to be immiscible. Mechanical assays reinforce the suitability of these scaffolds for soft tissue applications. Skeletal muscle cells demonstrated increases in metabolic activity and proliferation to the same levels of the control group. Human dermal fibroblasts didn't show the same behaviour, but presented cell growth with the same development profile as presented in the control group. It is plausible to believe that PLGA/PI fibrous three-dimensional scaffolds are suitable for applications in soft tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2581-2591, 2017.

Development and testing of an absorbable spring for cranial expansion in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: Use of metal springs for treatment of craniosynostosis is gaining ground in the surgical armamentarium, as these springs simplify operative technique, help to avoid extended approaches, and thus minimize morbidity. Nevertheless, these devices have to be removed eventually. The purpose of this study was to perform cranial expansion with a fully integrated, biodegradable polymer spring in an animal model and to assess the efficacy of and histological reaction to this device. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was an experimental, unblinded, prospective study. Twelve female New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) aged 6 weeks were randomly allocated to two groups. Control animals underwent linear craniectomy alone. Intervention animals underwent craniectomy with placement of a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polyisoprene (PLGA/PI) copolymer blend spring for cranial expansion transverse to the ostectomy. Expansion was measured radiographically over 12 weeks with amalgam markers. At the end of the experiment period, histological analysis was performed to quantify inflammatory reaction. RESULTS: The copolymer blend springs had a mean strength of 4.2N. In the intervention group, cranial expansion at the frontal markers was 9.6-11.67 mm (significantly greater than in controls). Histological analysis showed minor inflammatory reactions. CONCLUSION: In this animal model, cranial expansion by linear craniectomy followed by bioabsorbable spring placement was feasible and well tolerated by adjacent tissues.

Cardiac autonomic modulation in healthy elderly after different intensities of dynamic exercise.

PURPOSE: To investigate the heart rate (HR) and its autonomic modulation at baseline and during dynamic postexercise (P(EX)) with intensities of 40% and 60% of the maximum HR in healthy elderly. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included ten apparently healthy people who had been submitted to a protocol on a cycle ergometer for 35 minutes. Autonomic modulation was evaluated by spectral analysis of HR variability (HRV). RESULTS: A relevant increase in HR response was observed at 15 minutes postexercise with intensities of 60% and 40% of the maximum HR (10±2 bpm versus 5±1 bpm, respectively; P=0.005), and a significant reduction in HRV was also noted with 40% and 60% intensities during the rest period, and significant reduction in HRV (RR variance) was also observed in 40% and 60% intensities when compared to the baseline, as well as between the post-exercise intensities (1032±32 ms versus 905±5 ms) (P<0.001). In the HRV spectral analysis, a significant increase in the low frequency component HRV and autonomic balance at 40% of the maximum HR (68±2 normalized units [nu] versus 55±1 nu and 2.0±0.1 versus 1.2±0.1; P<0.001) and at 60% of the maximum HR (77±1 nu versus 55±1 nu and 3.2±0.1 versus 1.2±0.1 [P<0.001]) in relation to baseline was observed. A significant reduction of high frequency component at 40% and 60% intensities, however, was observed when compared to baseline (31±2 nu and 23±1 nu versus 45±1 nu, respectively; P<0.001). Moreover, significant differences were observed for the low frequency and high frequency components, as well as for the sympathovagal balance between participants who reached 40% and 60% of the maximum HR. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in the HR, sympathetic modulation, and sympathovagal balance, as well as a reduction in vagal modulation in the elderly at both intensities of the PEX.

Technical feasibility of fertigation in potato farming / Viabilidade técnica da fertirrigação no cultivo de batata

Excessive water use in irrigation of potato has caused concern because of the constant predictions of scarcity. The objective of this work was to study the technical feasibility of fertigation of potato. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2 x 3 x 3 factorial scheme with a total of 18 treatments with three replicates. The factors studied were: fertigation (two types: surface and subsurface), nitrogen (three doses: 75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1), potassium (three doses: 210, 310 and 410 kg ha-1). Significant interactions between the factors nitrogen and potassium were observed only for tuber weight. There were no significant differences in the types of fertigation (surface and subsurface). Significant effects were observed only for the treatment of nitrogen and potassium. It was concluded that it is possible to produce potato fertirrigated with the use of a trickle irrigation system whether it be surface or subsurface.

Viabilidade técnica da fertirrigação no cultivo de batata. O uso excessivo de água na irrigação da batata tem causado preocupação em razão das constantes previsões de escassez. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a viabilidade técnica de fertirrigação na cultura da batata. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 3 totalizando 18 tratamentos com três repetições. Os fatores estudados foram: fertirrigação (dois tipos: superficial e sub-superficial); nitrogênio (três doses: 75, 150 e 225 kg ha-1); potássio (três doses: 210, 310 e 410 kg ha-1). Para peso médio dos tubérculos, foram observadas interações significativas apenas entre os fatores nitrogênio e potássio.. Não houve diferenças significativas para os tipos de fertirrigação (superficial e sub-superficial). Os efeitos significativos foram observados apenas para os tratamentos doses de nitrogênio e doses de potássio. Concluiu-se que é possível produzir batata fertirrigada com uso de sistema de irrigação localizada independente de ser superficial ou subsuperficial.