Postoperative Complications in Emergency Surgeries at a Referral Hospital in Eastern Venezuela.

Background Postoperative complications (POC) are undesirable consequences of surgery and are a major area of concern adversely affecting the quality of surgical care and patient safety. Emergency surgery has been observed to have a higher incidence of different POC. The analysis of POC is of great importance due to their impact on the quality of life of patients and because they have become an indicator to measure the quality of hospital services. Objective This study aimed to describe the POC of emergency surgeries in patients from the general surgery department of a referral hospital in eastern Venezuela. Methodology A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted, including patients undergoing emergency surgery at "Dr. Luis Razetti" University Hospital, Barcelona, Venezuela, between November 2022 and May 2023. Results Medical records of 178 patients were analyzed. Most were male (53.7%), with an average age of 34.98 and a standard deviation of 18.2 years. POC was registered in 28 (15.7%) patients, with surgical site infection being the most common in 21 (39.62%) patients. Those over 65 years old (21.4% vs. 6.4%, p=0.013), patients with a history of hypertension (25% vs. 6.3%, p=0.002), hypoalbuminemia (100% vs. 43.8%, p=0.027), diagnosed with peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation (21.4% vs. 6%, p=0.007), trauma (25% vs. 9.3%, p=0.018), and those with a midline incision (75% vs. 31.3%, p<0.001) had a higher frequency of POC. There was a mortality rate of 2.8% with no significant difference based on the development of POC. Conclusion POC represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing emergency surgeries. The studied sample showed a similar frequency of POC compared to previous reports but with lower mortality. Complications were associated with higher frequencies of hypertension, midline approach, hypoalbuminemia, and emergency surgery for peritonitis due to hollow viscus perforation and trauma.

The Underlying Catalytic Role of Oxygen Vacancies in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Ketonization over TiOx Catalysts.

Recently, interest in converting bio-derived fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) into added-value products has significantly increased. The selectivity of ketonization reaction in the conversion of the FAMEs has significantly hampered the efficiency of this process. Herein, this work reports the preparation of catalysts with different levels of oxygen vacancies while the crystal phase remained unchanged. The catalyst with the highest level of oxygen vacancy exhibited the maximum selectivity. The density functional theory (DFT) simulation showed an increase in interatomic distances leading to the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) upon the creation of oxygen vacancies. The surface measurements, type and density of acid sites of the catalysts, showed that the Lewis acid sites enhanced the selectivity for ketone production; while Bronsted acid sites increased the formation of by-products. Moreover, the ketone formation rate was directly proportional to acid density. The findings of this research provide a different approach for catalyst design, based on defects engineering and their effect on the surface activity, which could be used for enhancing the catalytic performance of novel metal oxides.

Photoactivity of amorphous and crystalline TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNA) films in gas phase CO2 reduction to methane with simultaneous H2 production.

This study assessed the photoactivity of amorphous and crystalline TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNA) films in gas phase CO2 reduction. The TNA photocatalysts were fabricated by titanium anodization and submitted to an annealing treatment for crystallization and/or cathodic reduction to introduce Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies into the TiO2 structure. The cathodic reduction demonstrated a significant effect on the generated photocurrent. The photoactivity of the four TNA catalysts in CO2 reduction with water vapor was evaluated under UV irradiation for 3 h, where CH4 and H2 were detected as products. The annealed sample exhibited the best performance towards methane with a production rate of 78 µmol gcat-1 h-1, followed by the amorphous film, which also exhibited an impressive formation rate of 64 µmol gcat-1 h-1. The amorphous and reduced-amorphous films exhibited outstanding photoactivity regarding H2 production (142 and 144 µmol gcat-1 h-1, respectively). The annealed catalyst also revealed a good performance for H2 production (132 µmol gcat-1 h-1) and high stability up to five reaction cycles. Molecular dynamic simulations demonstrated the changes in the band structure by introducing oxygen vacancies. The topics covered in this study contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), involving affordable and clean energy (SDG#7) and industry, innovation, and infrastructure (SDG#9).

Evaluation of the hydrogenation reaction on the electrocatalytic nitrobenzene degradation over (FeCoNiCuZn)xOy high entropy oxides (HEOs).

Environmental pollution is one of the main challenges currently faced by mankind; especially industrial waste-waters treatment and remediation using energy-efficient methodologies. This research focused on the electrochemical degradation of the hazardous nitrobenzene (NB) in aqueous solutions, using novel high-entropy oxide (HEO) electrodes to elucidate the influence of the electrochemical reduction step on the degradation process. The effect of solution pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, anodic applied potential, and cell configurations on NB hydrogenation reaction were evaluated. A synergistic effect between the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene and the degradation was found to drastically enhance the conversion rates. The presence of dissolved oxygen promoted the oxidation reactions, reaching more than 90% nitrobenzene removal at 1.7 V and pH 14. The degradation of the organic by-products was attributed to the formation of the superoxide radical (O2*-) as the main oxidant species. A degradation mechanism was proposed based on the detected intermediates and the decoupling of electrochemical surface reactions observed by EIS at different solution pH.

Activation of Munc13-1 by Diacylglycerol (DAG)-Lactones.

Munc13-1 is a key protein necessary for vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release in the brain. Diacylglycerol (DAG)/phorbol ester binds to its C1 domain in the plasma membrane and activates it. The C1 domain of Munc13-1 and protein kinase C (PKC) are homologous in terms of sequence and structure. In order to identify small-molecule modulators of Munc13-1 targeting the C1 domain, we studied the effect of three DAG-lactones, (R,Z)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3-isobutyl-5-methylhexylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate (JH-131e-153), (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3-isobutyl-5-methylhexylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl pivalate (AJH-836), and (E)-(2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(4-nitrobenzylidene)-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (130C037), on Munc13-1 activation using the ligand-induced membrane translocation assay. JH-131e-153 showed higher activation than AJH-836, and 130C037 was not able to activate Munc13-1. To understand the role of the ligand-binding site residues in the activation process, three alanine mutants were generated. For AJH-836, the order of activation was wild-type (WT) Munc13-1 > R592A > W588A > I590A. For JH-131e-153, the order of activation was WT > I590 ≈ R592A ≈ W588A. Overall, the Z isomer of DAG-lactones showed higher potency than the E isomer and Trp-588, Ile-590, and Arg-592 were important for its binding. When comparing the activation of Munc13-1 and PKC, the order of activation for JH-131e-153 was PKCα > Munc13-1 > PKCε and for AJH-836, the order of activation was PKCε > PKCα > Munc13-1. Molecular docking supported higher binding of JH-131e-153 than AJH-836 with the Munc13-1 C1 domain. Our results suggest that DAG-lactones have the potential to modulate neuronal processes via Munc13-1 and can be further developed for therapeutic intervention for neurodegenerative diseases.

A Maverick-like cluster in the genome of a pathogenic, moderately virulent strain of Gallibacterium anatis, ESV200, a transient biofilm producer.

Introduction: Gallibacterium anatis causes gallibacteriosis in birds. These bacteria produce biofilms and secrete several fimbrial appendages as tools to cause disease in animals. G. anatis strains contain up to three types of fimbriae. Complete genome sequencing is the strategy currently used to determine variations in the gene content of G. anatis, although today only the completely circularized genome of G. anatis UMN179 is available. Methods: The appearance of growth of various strains of G. anatis in liquid culture medium was studied. Biofilm production and how the amount of biofilm was affected by DNase, Proteinase K, and Pronase E enzymes were analyzed. Fimbrial gene expression was performed by protein analysis and qRT-PCR. In an avian model, the pathogenesis generated by the strains G. anatis ESV200 and 12656-12 was investigated. Using bioinformatic tools, the complete genome of G. anatis ESV200 was comparatively studied to search for virulence factors that would help explain the pathogenic behavior of this strain. Results and Discussion: G. anatis ESV200 strain differs from the 12656-12 strain because it produces a biofilm at 20%. G. anatis ESV200 strain express fimbrial genes and produces biofilm but with a different structure than that observed for strain 12656-12. ESV200 and 12656-12 strains are pathogenic for chickens, although the latter is the most virulent. Here, we show that the complete genome of the ESV200 strain is similar to that of the UNM179 strain. However, these strains have evolved with many structural rearrangements; the most striking chromosomal arrangement is a Maverick-like element present in the ESV200 strain.

Controlling the Fe2O3-SiO2 interaction: The effect on the H2S selective catalytic oxidation and catalyst deactivation.

Biogas utilization is one of the most promising options for reducing the consumption of fossil fuels for energy production, but the presence of H2S represents a serious industrial and environmental problem. In this work, two different synthesis methods (sol-gel and incipient wetness impregnation) were used to synthesize iron oxide supported on silica catalysts (Fe2O3/SiO2) with metal loadings ranging from 0.5 to 10 %wt. The catalysts were tested for the selective oxidation of H2S, changing the operating conditions like O2/H2S (0.5-2.5), temperature (170-250°C), and water content (0-50%). The optimum condition was O2/H2S = 0.5 and no water at 230 °C with the conversion of approximately 100%, the selectivity of 97%, and the deactivation of 0.6%. A detailed characterization of the fresh and spent catalysts' surface revealed the presence of four deactivation mechanisms: metal surface reduction, oxygen vacancy loss, pore plugging, and sintering. Among the observed deactivation mechanisms, the sintering showed the highest impact on catalytic activity and deactivation. The sol-gel catalysts (SG) showed the highest metal-oxide/support interaction, which reduced the metal-oxide nanoparticles sintering compared with the incipient wetness impregnation method (IWI), reporting a lower sintering, higher activity, and selectivity, lower deactivation rates and lower sensitivity to the operating conditions. A catalytic cycle representing the possible surface intermediate states of the catalyst is proposed based on the performance and characterization results obtained.

A review on sensitivity of operating parameters on biogas catalysts for selective oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide to elemental sulfur.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a critical problem for biogas applications, such as electricity and heat generation, or the production of different chemical compounds, due to corrosion and toxic effluent gases. The selective catalytic oxidation of H2S to S is the most promising way to eliminate H2S from biogas due to the lack of effluents, therefore can be considered a green technology. The most extensively used catalysts for H2S selective oxidation can be classified in two groups: metal oxide-based catalysts, including vanadium and iron oxides, and carbon-based catalysts. Numerous studies have been devoted to studying their different catalytic performances. For industrial applications, the most suitable catalysts should be less sensitive to the operating parameters like the temperature, O2/H2S ratio, and H2O content. More specifically, for metal oxides and carbon-based catalysts, the temperature and O2/H2S ratio have a similar effect on the conversion and selectivity, but carbon-based catalysts are less sensitive to water in all operating conditions.

Single-step fabrication of highly stable amorphous TiO2 nanotubes arrays (am-TNTA) for stimulating gas-phase photoreduction of CO2 to methane.

This study investigates the facile fabrication of interfacial defects assisted amorphous TiO2 nanotubes arrays (am-TNTA) for promoting gas-phase CO2 photoreduction to methane. The am-TNTA catalyst was fabricated via a one-step synthesis, without heat treatment, by anodization of Titanium in Ethylene glycol-based electrolyte in a shorter anodizing time. The samples presented a TiO2 nanostructured array with a nanotubular diameter of 100 ± 10 nm, a wall thickness of 26 ± 5 nm, and length of 3.7 ± 0.3 µm, resulting in a specific surface of 0.75 m2 g. The am-TNTA presented prolonged chemical stability, a high exposed surface area, and a large number of surface traps that can reduce the recombination of the charge carriers. The am-TNTA showed promising photoactivity when tested in the CO2 reduction reaction with water under UV irradiation with a methane production rate of 14.0 µmol gcat-1 h-1 for a pure TiO2 material without any modification procedure. This enhanced photocatalytic activity can be explained in terms of surface defects of the amorphous structure, mainly OH groups that can act as electron traps for increasing the electron lifetime. The CO2 interacts directly with those traps, forming carbonate species, which favors the catalytic conversion to methane. The am-TNTA also exhibited a high stability during six reaction cycles. The photocatalytic activity, the significantly reduced time for synthesis, and high stability for continuous CH4 production make this nanomaterial a potential candidate for a sustainable CO2 reduction process and can be employed for other energy applications.

Role of Al in Na-ZSM-5 zeolite structure on catalyst stability in butene cracking reaction.

The Na-ZSM-5 catalysts (SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio = 20, 35, and 50) were prepared by rapid crystallization method to investigate their performance in butene cracking reaction. The XRD, XRF, NH3-TPD, FT-IR, TPO, UV-Vis, and 1H, 27Al, 29Si MAS NMR techniques were used to identify the physical and chemical properties of Na-ZSM-5 catalysts. The silanol group (Si-OH) was the main acid site of Na-ZSM-5, and it was proposed to be the active site for the butene cracking reaction. The butene conversion and coke formation were associated with the abundance of silanol groups over the Na-ZSM-5 catalyst. The dealumination, resulting in the deformation of tetrahedral framework aluminum species was a key factor for Na-ZSM-5 catalyst deactivation, because of the Si-O-Al bond breaking and formation of Si-O-Si bond. The stability of the Si-O-Al bond was linked to the molar number of sodium since the Na atom interacts with the Si-O-Al bond to form Si-ONa-Al structure, which enhances the stability of the silanol group. Therefore, the Si-ONa-Al in zeolite framework was an essential structure to retain the catalyst stability during the reaction. The Na-ZSM-5 with the lowest SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio showed the best performance in this study resulting the highest propylene yield and catalyst stability.

Author Correction: EZH2 inhibition sensitizes BRG1 and EGFR mutant lung tumours to TopoII inhibitors.

We wish to correct two mutations in Supplementary Table 4 of this Letter. The NCI-H460 cell line was annotated as being mutant for TP53. NCI-H460 has been verified to be TP53 wild type by several sources1. The NCI-H2009 cell line was annotated as being mutant for PIK3CA. As annotated by COSMIC (ref. 24 of the original Letter) and CCLE (ref. 25 of the original Letter), the NCI-H2009 cell line has a mutation in PIK3C3, rather than PIK3CA. The cell line is wild type for PIK3CA. The Supplementary Information of this Amendment contains the corrected Supplementary Table 4. These errors do not affect our conclusions. The original Letter has not been corrected.

Coupling between conformational dynamics and catalytic function at the active site of the lead-dependent ribozyme.

In common with other self-cleaving RNAs, the lead-dependent ribozyme (leadzyme) undergoes dynamic fluctuations to a chemically activated conformation. We explored the connection between conformational dynamics and self-cleavage function in the leadzyme using a combination of NMR spin-relaxation analysis of ribose groups and conformational restriction via chemical modification. The functional studies were performed with a North-methanocarbacytidine modification that prevents fluctuations to C2'-endo conformations while maintaining an intact 2'-hydroxyl nucleophile. Spin-relaxation data demonstrate that the active-site Cyt-6 undergoes conformational exchange attributed to sampling of a minor C2'-endo state with an exchange lifetime on the order of microseconds to tens of microseconds. A conformationally restricted species in which the fluctuations to the minor species are interrupted shows a drastic decrease in self-cleavage activity. Taken together, these data indicate that dynamic sampling of a minor species at the active site of this ribozyme, and likely of related naturally occurring motifs, is strongly coupled to catalytic function. The combination of NMR dynamics analysis with functional probing via conformational restriction is a general methodology for dissecting dynamics-function relationships in RNA.

Gallibacterium elongation factor-Tu possesses amyloid-like protein characteristics, participates in cell adhesion, and is present in biofilms.

Gallibacterium, which is a bacterial pathogen in chickens, can form biofilms. Amyloid proteins present in biofilms bind Congo red dye. The aim of this study was to characterize the cell-surface amyloid-like protein expressed in biofilms formed by Gallibacterium strains and determine the relationship between this protein and curli, which is an amyloid protein that is commonly expressed by members of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The presence of amyloid-like proteins in outer membrane protein samples from three strains of G. anatis and one strain of Gallibacterium genomospecies 2 was evaluated. A protein identified as elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) by mass spectrometric analysis and in silico analysis was obtained from the G. anatis strain F149T. This protein bound Congo red dye, cross-reacted with anti-curli polyclonal serum, exhibited polymerizing properties and was present in biofilms. This protein also reacted with pooled serum from chickens that were experimentally infected with G. anatis, indicating the in vivo immunogenicity of this protein. The recombinant EF-Tu purified protein, which was prepared from G. anatis 12656-12, polymerizes under in vitro conditions, forms filaments and interacts with fibronectin and fibrinogen, all of which suggest that this protein functions as an adhesin. In summary, EF-Tu from G. anatis presents amyloid characteristics, is present in biofilms and could be relevant for the pathogenesis of G. anatis.

The Genome Sequence of Avibacterium paragallinarum Strain CL Has a Large Repertoire of Insertion Sequence Elements.

The draft genome sequence of Avibacterium paragallinarum strain CL serovar C is reported here. The genome comprises 154 contigs corresponding to 2.4 Mb with 41% G+C content and many insertion sequence (IS) elements, a characteristic not previously reported in A. paragallinarum.

Enzyme-Driven Chemo-and Radiation-Therapy with 12 Pyrimidine Nucleoside Analogs Not Yet in the Clinic.

Enzymatic activity from tumor and adjacent normal tissue of 200 patients involving deoxycytidine kinase (dCK), uridine/cytidine kinase (U/CK), cytidine deaminase (CD) and deoxycytidylate deaminase (dCMPD) was quantified. Patients with brain (17), colon (24), and breast (30) tumors, 53, 67, and 73%, respectively, had an elevated T/N value (Specific Activity of tumor/ Specific Activity of normal tissue) involving dCK and dCMPD suggesting chemotherapy with 5-fluorodeoxycytidine (5-FdC) alone or in combination with thymidine plus deoxytetrahydrouridine, or with the radiosensitizer, 5-chlorodeoxycytidine (5-CldC) plus tetrahydrouridine (H4U). Among patients with colon (19) and pancreatic tumors (40), 53 and 68 %, respectively, displayed T/N values >4 for CD suggesting chemotherapy with 5-FdC, 4-N-methylamino-5-FdC, 5-trifluoromethyldeoxycytidine and radiosensitization with 5- CldC, 4-N-methylamino-5-CldC, 5-iododeoxycytidine and 5-bromodeoxycytidine. The percent of patients with tumors with a T/N value >4 for U/CK in lung (72), colon (23) and breast (28) was 47, 61 and 68, respectively, suggesting zebularine (plus thymidine) treatment for tumors involving gene silencing. Evidence is presented that the 4-N-alkylamino-dC substituted nucleosides and those with large 5-substitutions are activated only via CD to thymidine kinase (TK) using end-points of cytotoxicity and/or radiosensitization: H4U, the inhibitor of CD is an antagonist, cells with low CD or no TK are resistant to the analogs, the end points are indifferent to the dCK status of cells, they are poor substrates for dCK and good substrates for CD, whereas 5-FdC and 5-CldC are good substrates for both enzymes. The analogs present opportunities for Collateral Sensitivity for 5-azacytidine and gemcitabine resistant tumors.

[NURSING CARE PROTOCOL ON MANAGEMENT OF RADIODERMITIS]. / ProtocoLo de cuidados de enfermería en el tratamiento de la radiodermitis.

INTRODUCTION: Cases of radiation recall may be experienced by radiotherapy patients, which are named as radiodermitis. To gradate it the RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) scale is the most used. Due to the complexity on the management of radiotherapy, a protocol based on the evidence is stablished to prevent and treat it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bibliographic revision of main data bases from last six years. RESULTS: 14 different studies which have the criteria for their inclusion are selected. These studies will gather, with different levels of evidence, several prevention and treatment methods and products for radiodermitis. DISCUSSION: To prevent it from happening, it is a must to clean and dry the skin appropriately. Urea, hyaluronic acid and Tex-OE based creams have shown their effectiveness on grades 0-1. Regarding treatment, the use of medium-high corticoids, the barrier creams, silver sulfadiazine, hyaluronic acid and no sting barrier film can reduce the gravity of the wounds. The use of the healing in humid environments is also recommended on the treatment of radiodermitis. Some products like hydrocolloids, silver dressings and hydrogel also improve the scarring. CONCLUSION: Managing radiodermitis is a complex matter. Therefore the action protocol based on evidence is the ideal tool to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the cares, giving an increase on the tolerance to treatment and a reduction on the public health cost and a higher quality of life fo rpatients.

Differentially methylated genes and androgen receptor re-expression in small cell prostate carcinomas.

Small cell prostate carcinoma (SCPC) morphology is rare at initial diagnosis but often emerges during prostate cancer progression and portends a dismal prognosis. It does not express androgen receptor (AR) or respond to hormonal therapies. Clinically applicable markers for its early detection and treatment with effective chemotherapy are needed. Our studies in patient tumor-derived xenografts (PDX) revealed that AR-negative SCPC (AR(-)SCPC) expresses neural development genes instead of the prostate luminal epithelial genes characteristic of AR-positive castration-resistant adenocarcinomas (AR(+)ADENO). We hypothesized that the differences in cellular lineage programs are reflected in distinct epigenetic profiles. To address this hypothesis, we compared the DNA methylation profiles of AR(-) and AR(+) PDX using methylated CpG island amplification and microarray (MCAM) analysis and identified a set of differentially methylated promoters, validated in PDX and corresponding donor patient samples. We used the Illumina 450K platform to examine additional regions of the genome and the correlation between the DNA methylation profiles of the PDX and their corresponding patient tumors. Struck by the low frequency of AR promoter methylation in the AR(-)SCPC, we investigated this region's specific histone modification patterns by chromatin immunoprecipitation. We found that the AR promoter was enriched in silencing histone modifications (H3K27me3 and H3K9me2) and that EZH2 inhibition with 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) resulted in AR expression and growth inhibition in AR(-)SCPC cell lines. We conclude that the epigenome of AR(-) is distinct from that of AR(+) castration-resistant prostate carcinomas, and that the AR(-) phenotype can be reversed with epigenetic drugs.

Protocolo de cuidados de enfermería en el tratamiento de la radiodermitis / Nursing care protocol on management of radiodermitis

Introducción. Todo paciente que recibe tratamiento radioterápico puede experimentar algun tipo de toxicidad cutanea, denominada radiodermitis. La escala RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) es que mas se usa para su graduacion. Debido al tratamiento tan complejo de la radioterapia, se decide la elaboracion de un protocolo basado en la evidencia para su prevencion y tratamiento. Material y métodos. Revisión bibliografica en las principales bases de datos de los ultimos seis años. Resultados. Se identifican 14 estudios que cumplen los criterios de inclusion, que recogen, con diferentes niveles de evidencia, varios metodos y productos de prevencion y tratamiento de la radiodermitis. Discusión. En la prevencion, destaca como herramienta imprescindible el lavado y secado correcto de la piel. La urea, el acido hialuronico y cremas con Tex-OE han demostrado efectividad en los grados 0-1. Con respecto al tratamiento, el uso de corticoides de media-alta, las cremas barrera, la sulfadiazina argentica, el acido hialuronico y la pelicula barrera no irritante (PBNI) pueden reducir la gravedad de las lesiones. El empleo de la cura en ambiente humedo (CAH) tambien se recomienda en el tratamiento de la radiodermitis. Algunos productos como los hidrocoloides, los apositos con plata y el hidrogel mejoran las tasas de cicatrizacion. Conclusiones. El tratamiento de la radiodermitis es complejo, por lo que un protocolo de actuacion basado en la evidencia es la herramienta idonea para mejorar la eficiencia y eficacia de los cuidados, y proporciona un aumento de la tolerancia al tratamiento, la reduccion de los costes sociosanitarios y una mayor calidad de vida del paciente (AU)

Introduction. Cases of radiation recall may be experienced by radiotherapy patients, which are named as radiodermitis. To gradate it the RTOG (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group) scale is the most used. Due to the complexity on the management of radiotherapy, a protocol based on the evidence is stablished to prevent and treat it. Material and methods. Bibliographic revision of main data bases from last six years. Results. 14 different studies which have the criteria for their inclusion are selected. These studies will gather, with different levels of evidence, several prevention and treatment methods and products for radiodermitis. Discussion. To prevent it from happening, it is a must to clean and dry the skin appropriately. Urea, hyaluronic acid and Tex-OE based creams have shown their effectiveness on grades 0-1. Regarding treatment, the use of medium-high corticoids, the barrier creams, silver sulfadiazine, hyaluronic acid and no sting barrier film can reduce the gravity of the wounds. The use of the healing in humid environments is also recommended on the treatment of radiodermitis. Some products like hydrocolloids, silver dressings and hydrogel also improve the scarring. Conclusion. Managing radiodermitis is a complex matter. Therefore the action protocol based on evidence is the ideal tool to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the cares, giving an increase on the tolerance to treatment and a reduction on the public health cost and a higher quality of life for patients (AU)