Noninvasive Ventilation as an Important Adjunct to an Exercise Training Program in Subjects With Moderate to Severe COPD.

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can positively affect exercise capacity, maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2 ), and symptoms after a 6-week physical training program for subjects with moderate to very severe COPD. METHODS: 47 subjects with COPD who were enrolled in a physical training program were randomized to either physical training alone or NIV + physical training (NIV-Physical training). Physical training consisted of dynamic aerobic exercises on a treadmill 3 times/week for 6 weeks, for a total of 18 sessions. NIV was titrated according to the subject's tolerance at rest and during exercise. Assessments included physiological responses and symptoms at the incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test peak and during submaximal exercise on a treadmill, 6-min walk distance, maximum inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory pressure (PEmax), BODE index, and health-related quality of life. RESULTS: 43 subjects completed the 6-week physical training program. Both groups improved 6-min walk distance, PImax, BODE index, and quality of life, and no differences were found between groups. However, significant improvements were observed for subjects in the NIV-Physical training group with regard to PEmax, maximum V̇O2 , maximum metabolic equivalents, circulatory power, and maximum SpO2 . CONCLUSIONS: A 6-week physical training program alone can improve tolerance for exercise and quality of life, in addition to reducing the risk of mortality. However, NIV associated with a physical training program was shown to have an additive beneficial effect on powerful prognostic markers (maximum V̇O2 and circulatory power) and to reduce symptoms and improve oxygen saturation in subjects with moderate to very severe COPD.

Exacerbation and functional capacity of patients with COPD undergoing an exercise training program: longitudinal study / Exacerbação e capacidade funcional de pacientes com DPOC submetidos ao treinamento físico: estudo longitudinal

Objective To analyze if there is influence of body weight, body mass index (BMI), body composition, dyspnoea, grip strength and tolerance to exertion in the occurrence of exacerbation during a 12-month follow up of patients with COPD who underwent a physical training program. Material and methods Sixty three patients were distributed in two groups, (Exacerbation Group — EG, n = 29; Non-Exacerbated Group — NEG, n = 34). The Mann Whitney test was used for the comparison between groups, the Friedman test (posthoc Dunn) to compare the assessments and the logistic regression analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results There is a significant difference between the groups in age and walked distance (WD) in the sixminute walk test (6MWT). The WD was reduced in 6th, 9th and 12th month revaluation compared to baseline and 3 months for the EG. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant interaction between the lean body mass and the WD, BMI with the lean body mass and the BMI with the WD, this and the isolated dyspnoea, and lean body mass with body weight. Conclusion Involving several variables along the follow up of patients with COPD in physical therapy programs is important, since it may prevent or reduce the chance of the occurrence of exacerbations. In addition, older patients with less tolerance to physical activity had a higher number of episodes of exacerbation, even when participating in a physiotherapy program associated to exercise training. .

Objetivos Analisar se há influência do peso corporal, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), composição corporal, dispneia, força de preensão palmar (FPP) e tolerância ao esforço na ocorrência de exacerbação ao longo de 12 meses de acompanhamento de pacientes com DPOC submetidos a um programa de treinamento físico que desenvolveram ou não a exacerbação. Métodos Sessenta e três pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos (Grupo Exacerbação — GE, n = 29; Grupo Não Exacerbação — GNE, n= 34). O teste Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a comparação entre os grupos, teste de Friedman (post-hoc e Dunn) para comparação das avaliações e a análise de regressão logística, com nível de significância p < 0,05. Resultados Há diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto à idade e distância percorrida (DP) no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). A DP apresentou-se reduzida no 6º, no 9º e no 12º mês de reavaliação comparados a avaliação e ao 3º mês para o GE. Na análise de regressão logística observou-se interação significativa entre a MM e a DP, IMC com a MM, bem como do IMC com a DP, desta e da dispneia isoladas e da MM com o peso corporal. Conclusão Conclui-se a importância de envolver diversas variáveis ao longo do acompanhamento de pacientes com DPOC em programas fisioterapêuticos na tentativa de prevenir a ocorrência de exacerbações ou reduzir sua chance de ocorrência. Além disso, pacientes mais idosos e com menor tolerância à atividade física tiveram maior número de episódios de exacerbação, mesmos estando inseridos em um programa fisioterapêutico de treinamento físico. .

Responsiveness of the six-minute step test to a physical training program in patients with COPD.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the responsiveness of the six-minute step test (6MST) to an aerobic physical training program (PTP) and to determine the efficacy of the PTP regarding spirometric variables during the 6MST, as well as physical performance, sensation of dyspnea, and SpO2 during the 6MST and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), in patients with COPD. METHODS: This was a controlled, prospective randomized study involving patients clinically diagnosed with COPD, with an FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%, and having been clinically stable in the last two months. The patients were randomized to undergo a PTP on a treadmill, three times a week, for six weeks (PTP group) or not (control group). Histories were taken from all of the patients, who received regular respiratory therapy during the study period, undergoing physical examination and spirometry before and after bronchodilator use; incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing; the 6MST; and the 6MWT. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients that completed the study, 21 and 15 were in the PTP and control groups, respectively. In the PTP group, there was a significant increase in the number of steps climbed during the 6MST and in the six-minute walk distance (in m and % of predicted), as well as a significant decrease in the sensation of dyspnea during the 6MWT. CONCLUSIONS: The 6MST showed responsiveness to the PTP. However, the 6MWT appears to be more responsive to the PTP proposed.

Responsividade do teste do degrau de seis minutos a um programa de treinamento físico em pacientes com DPOC / Responsiveness of the six-minute step test to a physical training program in patients with COPD

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a responsividade do teste do degrau de seis minutos (TD6) a um programa de treinamento físico (PTF) aeróbio e verificar a eficácia do PTF quanto às variáveis ergoespirométricas no TD6, assim como ao desempenho físico, sensação de dispneia e SpO2 no TD6 e no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) em pacientes com DPOC. MÉTODOS: Estudo controlado, prospectivo e randomizado com pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de DPOC que apresentassem relação VEF1/CVF < 70% e condições clinicamente estáveis nos últimos dois meses. Os pacientes foram randomizados em grupo PTF, que realizaram um PTF em esteira por seis semanas, três vezes por semana, e grupo controle. Todos os participantes receberam cuidados usuais de fisioterapia respiratória durante o período de estudo e foram submetidos a anamnese, exame físico, espirometria antes e após o uso de broncodilatador, teste cardiopulmonar incremental sintoma limitado, TD6 e TC6 nos momentos basal e final. RESULTADOS: Dos 36 pacientes que completaram o estudo, 21 e 15 foram distribuídos nos grupos PTF e controle, respectivamente. Verificou-se um aumento significativo do número de subidas no degrau no TD6, da distância percorrida no TC6 (em m e % do previsto), assim como uma redução significativa da sensação de dispneia durante o TC6 somente no grupo PTF. CONCLUSÕES: O TD6 apresentou responsividade ao PTF. No entanto, acreditamos que o TC6 seja mais responsivo ao PTF proposto.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the responsiveness of the six-minute step test (6MST) to an aerobic physical training program (PTP) and to determine the efficacy of the PTP regarding spirometric variables during the 6MST, as well as physical performance, sensation of dyspnea, and SpO2 during the 6MST and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), in patients with COPD. METHODS: This was a controlled, prospective randomized study involving patients clinically diagnosed with COPD, with an FEV1/FVC ratio < 70%, and having been clinically stable in the last two months. The patients were randomized to undergo a PTP on a treadmill, three times a week, for six weeks (PTP group) or not (control group). Histories were taken from all of the patients, who received regular respiratory therapy during the study period, undergoing physical examination and spirometry before and after bronchodilator use; incremental symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing; the 6MST; and the 6MWT. RESULTS: Of the 36 patients that completed the study, 21 and 15 were in the PTP and control groups, respectively. In the PTP group, there was a significant increase in the number of steps climbed during the 6MST and in the six-minute walk distance (in m and % of predicted), as well as a significant decrease in the sensation of dyspnea during the 6MWT. CONCLUSIONS: The 6MST showed responsiveness to the PTP. However, the 6MWT appears to be more responsive to the PTP proposed.

Fatores que influenciam a capacidade física de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica / Factors that influence physical capacity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Este estudo objetivou identificar fatores que influenciam a capacidade física, avaliada por meio da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6'), de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Os fatores testados foram idade, grau de obstrução das vias aéreas (pelo volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1), resistência da musculatura respiratória (pela ventilação voluntária máxima (VVM) e capacidade máxima ao esforço (medida pela distância percorrida no teste cardiopulmonar limitado por sintomas, TCP). Dezoito pacientes do sexo masculino, com idade média de 69,6±8,4anos e diagnóstico de DPOC classes II e III, foram submetidos ao TC6', ao TCP e à espiromeria. Foram encontradas correlações significativas moderadas entre a distância percorrida no TC6' e o VEF1 (r=0,62), a VVM (r=0,50), e a distância percorrida no TCP (r=0,67), não havendo correlação com a idade. Conclui-se que o grau de obstrução das vias aéreas, a resistência da musculatura respiratória e a capacidade máxima ao esforço influenciam a capacidade física dos pacientes com DPOC classes II e III ao executar uma atividade cotidiana como a caminhada.

The purpose of this study was to verify to what extent certain factors may influence physical capacity (as assessed by the six-minute walk test, 6MWT) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); factors considered were age, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV), and distance covered in the symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test (CET). Subjects were 18 male elderly (mean age 69.6±8.4 years) with II- and III-degree COPD diagnosis, submitted to spirometry and the 6MW and CE tests. Moderate significant correlations were found between distance walked at the 6MWT and FEV1 (r=0.62), MVV (r=0.50), and distance walked in CET (r=0.67); no correlation was found with age. Therefore, it may be said that the degree of airway obstruction, endurance of respiratory muscles, and maximum exertion capacity may influence physical capacity of subjects with II- and III-degree COPD when performing a daily activity such as walking.

Study of peripheral muscle strength and severity indexes in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) present reduced peripheral muscle strength, which leads to impaired mobility and increased mortality risk. However, it is not clear whether there is any relationship between muscle strength, muscle mass and the body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, exercise performance (BODE) index scale, which is considered to be the best predictor of survival for individuals with COPD. The BODE Index is a multidimensional system that measures body composition (B), airway obstruction (O), dyspnea perception (D) and the ability to exercise (E), and rates the severity of the major changes found in individuals with COPD. The objective of this study was to verify any relationship between the BODE Index, muscle mass and maximum muscle strengths of the upper limb (UL) and lower limb (LL) in subjects with moderate to very severe COPD. METHODS: Twenty-six individuals with moderate to very severe COPD were evaluated by body composition (body mass index and muscle mass), BODE Index, handgrip strength (HS) and one repetition maximum (1RM) test of the UL and LL. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation (Pearson, p < 0.05) of peripheral muscle strength, evaluated by HS and 1RM (pectoral and triceps, round muscles and dorsal section, quadriceps), to muscle mass (0.74, 0.57, 0.74 and 0.62, respectively) and the distance walked in the six-minute walking test (0.52, 0.50, 0.46 and 0.58, respectively), but no correlation of muscle strength was found to forced expiratory volume in one second to dyspnea or the BODE Index. CONCLUSION: In accordance with the results of this study, peripheral muscle strength as measured by HS and 1RM is not related to the severity indexes for COPD, unlike UL and LL muscle strength. Therefore, UL and LL measurements now have an additional importance in COPD evaluation.

Efeitos do treinamento físico em indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica / Effects of physical training in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar e comparar a influência do treinamento físico (TF) associado ou não à ventilação não invasiva (VNI) sobre a distância percorrida (DP), oxigenação e sensação de dispneia no teste cardiopulmonar limitado por sintomas (TCP), teste de caminhada de seis minutos em esteira rolante (TC6E)e teste de caminhada de seis minutos em corredor (TC6C). METODOLOGIA: Foram avaliados 22 indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) com obstrução moderada a grave (VEF1/CFV < 70% e 30% d'VERF1 < 80 % do previsto), divididos aleatoriamente em: G1: TF em esteira rolante e G2:TF em esteira rolante associado à VNI. RESULTADOS: Constatou-se par ao G1 alterações significativas da DP e oxigenação no TCP e TC6C. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o TF pode aumentar a tolerância ao exercício, verificado pelo aumento da DP e manutenção da sensação de dispnéia para maiores distâncias percorridas no G1 e pelo aumento da oxigenação para o G2; demonstrando a eficácia do TF associado ou não a VNI no tratamento de indivíduos com DOPC de moderada a grave obstrução.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate and measure the influence of physical training (PT) associated or no to the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) about the walk distance (WD), oxygen saturation and dyspnea sensation during the cardiopulmonary test (CT), 6-minute walk distance on a treadmill (6MWDT) and 6-minute walk distance on a corridor (6MWDC). METHODS: Twenty-two chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) subjects with moderate to severe obstruction were evaluated (FEV1/ MVV<80% and FEV1<60% predicted), randomized in: G1: PT on a treadmill and G2: PT on a treadmill associated to NIV. RESULTS: There were significant WD and oxygen saturation alterations for the G1 at the CT, 6MWDT and 6MWDC and significant WD alterations at the CT, 6MWDT and 6MWDC and significant oxygen saturation alterations at the CT and 6MWDC, for the G2. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, o PT can improve the tolerance to physical exercise, what was verified through improve of WD and maintained of dyspnea sensation for long walk distances at the G1 and through improve of oxygen saturation at the G2, showing the PT efficacy associated or no to the use of NIV in the treatment of COPD subjects with moderate to severe obstruction.

Comparison between PEF values obtained from a population sample in the city of São Carlos, Brazil, and reference values.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reference values for PEF suggested by other authors in 1963, 1989 and 2001 (for populations in the USA, England and Cuba, respectively) with those obtained from a population sample in the city of São Carlos, Brazil, and to determine whether there is concordance among them. METHODS: A total of 243 volunteers (123 females and 120 males; 20-70 years of age) participated in the study. The PEF measurements were performed with the volunteer standing, using a nose clip, by means of a portable peak flow meter. These measurements were compared with the reference values using the Friedman test and Dunn's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Significant differences were found in all age groups from both genders regarding the values predicted in 1989; the same occurred in the 20-30 and 31-40 age groups (both genders), as well as in the 61-70 age group (females only), regarding those predicted in 2001, as well as in the 20-30 age group (males only) regarding those predicted in 1963. CONCLUSIONS: The values predicted in 1963 are appropriate for a population of individuals with the same characteristics as the study sample, except for males in the 20-30 age group. Our study is relevant due to the fact that our sample was larger than that evaluated in the 1963 study. The majority of the values predicted in 1989 and 2001 overestimated the PFE values obtained in our study, proving to be inappropriate for the population studied.

Comparação de valores de PFE em uma amostra da população da cidade de São Carlos, São Paulo, com valores de referência / Comparison between PEF values obtained from a population sample in the city of São Carlos, Brazil, and reference values

OBJETIVO: Comparar os valores de referência para PFE sugeridos por outros autores em 1963, 1989 e 2001 (para populações nos EUA, na Inglaterra e em Cuba, respectivamente) com os valores de PFE coletados de uma amostra da população da cidade de São Carlos (SP), verificando se há concordância entre estes. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 243 indivíduos (123 mulheres; 120 homens) na faixa etária entre 20 e 70 anos. A coleta de PFE foi realizada com o indivíduo em pé, utilizando um clipe nasal, através de medidor de PFE portátil. Os valores obtidos foram comparados com os previstos, utilizando-se o teste de Friedman e post hoc de Dunn (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença significativa para todas as faixas etárias, em ambos os sexos, quanto aos valores previstos em 1989; o mesmo ocorreu para as faixas etárias 20-30, 31-40 anos, em ambos os sexos, e 61-70 anos para mulheres quanto aos valores de 2001, assim como para a faixa etária 20-30 anos para homens quanto aos valores previstos em 1963. CONCLUSÕES: Os valores previstos em 1963 são aceitáveis para uma população de indivíduos com as mesmas características da amostra estudada, exceto para os homens de 20-30 anos. Nosso estudo provou ter grande relevância devido ao tamanho da amostra estudada quando comparado ao do trabalho realizado em 1963. A maioria dos valores previstos em 1989 e 2001 superestimou os valores de PFE obtidos nesse estudo, indicando sua inadequação para a população estudada.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the reference values for PEF suggested by other authors in 1963, 1989 and 2001 (for populations in the USA, England and Cuba, respectively) with those obtained from a population sample in the city of São Carlos, Brazil, and to determine whether there is concordance among them. METHODS: A total of 243 volunteers (123 females and 120 males; 20-70 years of age) participated in the study. The PEF measurements were performed with the volunteer standing, using a nose clip, by means of a portable peak flow meter. These measurements were compared with the reference values using the Friedman test and Dunn's post-hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Significant differences were found in all age groups from both genders regarding the values predicted in 1989; the same occurred in the 20-30 and 31-40 age groups (both genders), as well as in the 61-70 age group (females only), regarding those predicted in 2001, as well as in the 20-30 age group (males only) regarding those predicted in 1963. CONCLUSIONS: The values predicted in 1963 are appropriate for a population of individuals with the same characteristics as the study sample, except for males in the 20-30 age group. Our study is relevant due to the fact that our sample was larger than that evaluated in the 1963 study. The majority of the values predicted in 1989 and 2001 overestimated the PFE values obtained in our study, proving to be inappropriate for the population studied.

Teste de caminhada em esteira: distãncia percorrida, comportamento metabólico e ventilatório / Tredmill waltk test: walked distance, metabolic and ventilatory behavior

Introdução: O teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6)em esteira tem sido utilizado em vários estudos como instrumento de avaliação da capacidade funcional de indivíduos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crõnica (DPOC). Objetivos: Comparar a distância percorrida (DP), consumo de oxigênio (VO2) e demanda ventilatória (Ve/VVM) no TC6 em esteira rolante entre indivíduos saudáveis e com DPOC.Material e Métodos: Foram avaliados 44 indivíduos do sexo masculino dos quais 23 são saudáveis (Grupo S-GS, idade média de 67+-3,6 anos) e 21 com DPOC (obstrução moderada e grave (30 por cento volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) menor que 80 por cento; Grupo MG-GMG; 69+-5,3 anos) quanto as variáveis DP, VO2 e Ve/VVM durante o TC6 em esteira rolante com velocidade fixa pré-determinada. Resultados: A DP apresentou-se significativamente maior (Mann-Whitney, p menor 0,010 NO gs (393,6+-97,6m) comparado ao GMG (248,3+-73,1m). O vo2 não demonstrou diferença significativa entre GS e GMG, respectivamente (1,48+-0,4L/minvs1,39+-0,48L/min). A Ve/VVM apresentou-se significativamente maior no GMG (38,4+-18,1por cento;74,1+-20,7 por cento) comparada ao GS (7,6 +-3,8 por cento; 25,6+-10,6por cento) nas situações basal e pico do teste, respectivamente. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste estudo concluiu-se que o método para a realização do TC6 em esteira rolante com velocidade fixa desencadeou indivíduos com DPOC quando comparados aos indivíduos saudáveis, mostrnado limitações para sua realização, além de não retratar uma atividade física da vida diária.

Different physical therapy interventions on daily physical activities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

AIM: To verify the outcome of different physical therapy interventions in activities of daily living of individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: Twenty-two COPD individuals were randomly divided into three groups: the Lower Limb Training Group (LLTG, n=8) performed treadmill exercise, Upper Limb Training Group (ULTG, n=8) performed upper limb (UL) training, and Control Group (CG, n=6) underwent bronchial hygiene therapy for 6 weeks, three times per week. The following were simulated in the activities of the daily living test: blackboard erasing, weight lifting exercise, stair climbing and treadmill walking. The duration of these tasks was 5 min of blackboard erasing and weight lifting, and 6 min of stair climbing and treadmill walking. RESULTS: Intragroup analysis presented a significant post-treatment ventilatory demand (V(E)/MVV) decrease for the LLTG during basal conditions and walking, and significant decrease during blackboard erasing and walking for the ULTG, with similar metabolic demand (VO(2)/VO(2)max) for both groups. Dyspnoea decreased significantly in the LLTG during post-treatment walking and increased for CG. The number of stairs climbed decreased significantly for the CG and increased for LLTG and ULTG post treatment, along with the walked distance for LLTG. The intergroup analysis presented significant differences in post-treatment dyspnoea with greater values observed for the CG during walking. CONCLUSION: The different protocols utilized promoted benefits towards physical exercise tolerance, particularly in the ULTG that presented better performance in sustained UL tasks, which may suggest better conditioning and coordination of the muscles involved in UL elevation.

Teste de caminhada de seis minutos na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica com diferentes graus de obstrução / Six-minute gait test in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with different degrees of obstruction

INTRODUÇÃO: Alguns testes funcionais são utilizados complementando a avaliação dinâmica na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), como o teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6). OBJETIVOS: Verificar quanto o grau de obstrução compromete a tolerância ao esforço avaliado pelo TC6 e comparar a distância percorrida e prevista através da equação de Enright e Sherrill (1998) para indivíduos saudáveis e com DPOC apresentando grau de obstrução leve, moderado e grave, além de comparar a distância percorrida entre os grupos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 90 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sendo 19 saudáveis (grupo 1-G1, idade média de 67 ± 6,6 anos), 24 indivíduos com DPOC apresentando obstrução leve (grupo 2-G2, idade média de 69 ± 11,3 anos), 26 com DPOC moderada (grupo 3-G3, idade média de 71 ± 9,1 anos) e 21 com DPOC grave (grupo 4-G4, idade média de 70 ± 9,4 anos) quanto à distância percorrida, além da distância prevista através da equação. RESULTADOS:Constatou-se diferença significativa (teste t de Student, p < 0,05) ao comparar distância percorrida e prevista para G3 (387 ± 71m vs 456 ± 56m) e G4 (318 ± 97m vs 477 ± 52m), sendo a percorrida menor que a prevista para ambos. Na análise intergrupos, quanto à distância percorrida verificou-se diferença significativa (ANOVA, p < 0,05), sendo que G1 (506 ± 56m) e G2 (452 ± 60m) apresentaram valores maiores (Newman-Keuls, p < 0,05) que G3 (387 ± 71m) e G4 (318 ± 97m), assim como G3 maior que G4. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que quanto maior a limitação ao fluxo aéreo, menor a tolerância ao esforço físico; indivíduos saudáveis e com DPOC leve obtiveram desempenho semelhante, além de mostrar distância percorrida similar à prevista. Assim, o TC6 permite avaliar a capacidade funcional dos indivíduos saudáveis e com DPOC, estimando quanto o grau de obstrução do fluxo aéreo compromete o desempenho físico.

INTRODUCTION: Some functional tests are used as a complement to the dynamic evaluation in the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), such as the six-minute gait test (GT6). OBJECTIVES: To verify how much the degree of obstruction compromises the tolerance to the exertion evaluated by the GT6 and to compare the distances completed and expected through the equation by Enright and Sherrill (1998) for healthy individuals as well as the ones with COPD presenting mild, moderate and severe degrees of obstruction, besides to compare the completed distance among groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 90 male individuals were evaluated, being 19 healthy (group 1-G1, mean age 67 ± 6.6 years); 24 individuals with COPD presenting mild obstruction (group 2-G2, mean age 69 ± 11.3 years); 26 with moderate COPD (group 3-G3, mean age 71 ± 9.1 years) and 21 with severe COPD (group 4-G4, mean age 70 ± 9.4 years) concerning the completed distance, besides the distance expected through the equation. RESULTS: Significant difference was observed (t-Student test, < 0.05) when comparing completed and expected distances for G3 (387 + 71 m vs 456 ± 56 m) and G4 (318 ± 97 m vs 477 ± 52 m), being the completed distance shorter than the expected one for both. In the inter group analysis, concerning the completed distance significant difference was verified (ANOVA, < 0.05), where G1 (506 ± 56 m) and G2 (452 ± 60 m) presented higher values (Newman-Keuls, < 0.05) than G3 (387 ± 71 m) and G4 (318 ± 97 m), as well as G3 higher than G4. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the higher the limitation to the air flow, the lower the tolerance to physical exertion. However, healthy individuals and the ones with mild COPD obtained similar performance, besides having similar completed and expected distances. Thus, the GT6 allows us to evaluate the functional capacity of healthy individuals and the ones with...

Avaliação da tolerância ao esforço físico durante o teste de caminhada em esteira em indivíduos com doença oulmonar obstrutiva crônica / Evaluation of the tolerance of physical forces during the walk test in treadmill in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

O Teste de Caminhada de 6 Minutos em Esteira (TC6E) tem sido utilizado como um dos testes de avaliação funcional em indivíduos com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a demanda metabólica (VO2/VO2max), ventilatória (VE /VVM), a oxigenação (SpO2) e sensação de dispnéia (SD) durante TC6E, entre indivíduos saudáveis e portadores de DPOC. Foram avaliados 22 homens; 12 com DPOC, Grupo 1 (G1) (VEF1<60% do previsto, 73,5±3,6 anos) e 10 saudáveis, Grupo 2 (G2) (63,3±5,3anos). Para análise do VO2/ VO2max e VE/VVM foi utilizado um sistema metabólico. Na análise intergrupo (Mann-Whitney; p<0,05) em relação a VO2/VO2max constatou-se diferença significativa tanto na situação basal (repouso), como durante o TC6E. Para as variáveis VE/VVM, SpO2 e SD, verificou-se esta diferença apenas na situação basal. Em relação a situação basal e o TC6E para ambos os grupos, observou-se diferença significativa (Wilcoxon, p<0,01) no que se refere a VO2/VO2max e VE/VVM. Para a oxigenação, constatou-se este comportamento apenas para o G1, e em relação a SD, para ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que houve maior demanda metabólica e ventilatória para G1 e que o TC6E caracterizou-se como uma atividade intensa para ambos os grupos; sugerindo a necessidade de melhor fundamentação da metodologia do teste.

The Six Minute Walk Test on Treadmill (6MWT) was used as the functional evaluation in individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The objectives of this study was to evaluate the Metabolic (VO2/VO2max) and Ventilatory (VE/MVV) Demand, oxygenation and sensation of dyspnea during the 6MWT in healthy individuals and individuals with COPD. 22 males were evaluated, 12 with COPD classified as Group 1 (G1) (FEV1<60%; average age 73.5±6.3), and 10 healthy individuals (average age 63.3±5.3), classified as Group 2 (G2). For analysis between the VO2/VO2max and VE/MVV following the metabolic system. In analysis between groups (Mann-Whitney; p?0.05) in relation the VO2/VO2max there was a significant difference both in basal situation (rest), and during the 6MWT. For the variables VE/MVV, SpO2 and SD, verified difference only in basal situation. In relation to the basal situation and the 6MWT for both groups, there was a significant difference (Wilcoxon, p<0.01) on that refers to the VO2/VO2max and VE/MVV. For oxygenation, verified this behavior only for G1 and in relation to SD, for both groups. Concluded that there was more metabolic and ventilatory for G1 and the 6MWT characterizes itself as an activity of high intensity even for individuals with COPD, like healthy individuals; suggesting the necessity that methodology of this test is well grounded and studied.

Efeitos fisiológicos da fisioterapia respiratória convencional associada à aplicação de BiPAP no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca / Physiological effects of the conventional respiratory physical therapy associated to BiPAP in post cardiac surgery

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as alterações da função pulmonar pela Força Muscular Respiratória (FMR-PImax e PEmax), Capacidade Vital (CV), Freqüência Respiratória (FR) e Oxigenação (SpO2) do pré-operatório ao 1º pós-operatório (PO) e deste à pré-alta; e verificar a eficácia da Fisioterapia Respiratória Convencional (FRC) associada à Ventilação não-invasiva (BiPAP) no PO de cirurgia cardíaca. Incluiu-se 27 pacientes, 12 tratados com FRC associada à BiPAP (Grupo1-G1) e 15 com FRC (Grupo2- G2), com avaliação das variáveis citadas no pré-operatório, 1ºPO, 3ºPO e pré-alta. Para a análise utilizou-se Friedman ANOVA e Mann-Whitney (p ≤ 0,05). Quanto a FMR, apenas G1 aumentou significativamente do 1ºPO para pré-alta, e os valores de PImax apresentaram-se significativamente maiores que G2. Em ambos os grupos, a CV aumentou significativamente do 1º para o 3ºPO, mas apenas G1 mostrou valores da pré-alta próximos ao pré-operatório. A oxigenação aumentou do 3ºPO à pré-alta para ambos, mas apenas o G1 aproximou-se dos valores do pré-operatório. Quanto à FR, apenas o G1 reduziu significativamente no PO. A FRC associada à BiPAP mostrou-se mais eficiente do que a FRC isolada, no aumento da FMR, CV e oxigenação, e na reversão da FR, apesar dos valores não terem sido recuperados completamente até a pré-alta.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the pulmonary function alterations by the Respiratory Muscular Force (RMF- MIP and MEP), Vital Capacity (VC), Breathing Frequency (BF) and Oxigenation (SpO2) from the Pre-operation to the 1st post-operation (PO) and from that one to the pre-discharge; and to verify the efficiency of the Conventional Respiratory Physical Therapy (CRP) associated to the Non-invasive ventilation (BiPAP) in the cardiac surgery PO. 27 patients were included; 12 of them were treated with FRC associated to the BiPAP (Group 1-G1) and 15 with FRC (Group 2-G2). These patients were evaluated in the pre-operation ,1st PO, 3rd PO and pre-discharge as for the mentioned variables. To the analysis were used Friedman ANOVA and Mann-Whitney (p ≤ 0,05). As for the RMF, only G1 increased significantly from the first PO to the pre-discharge, and the values of MIP were significantly bigger than G2. In both groups, the VC increased significantly from the 1st to the 3rd PO, but only G1 presented pre-discharge values near to the pre-operation. The oxigenation increased from the 3rd PO to the pre-discharge for both, but only the G1 came near to the preoperation values. As for RF, only the G1 decreased significantly in the PO. In conclusion, the CRF associated to the BiPAP seemed be more efficient than the isolated CRF, in the RMF increasing, VC and oxigenation, and in the RF reversion, despite of the values have not been completely recuperated until the pre-discharge.

Consumo de oxigênio, ventilação pulmonar e oxigenação no teste do degrau e teste de caminhada em indivíduos com DPOC / Oxygen uptake, minute ventilation and oxygenation in the step test and walk test in subjects with COPD

Objetivo: Comparar o comportamento do consumo de oxigênio (VO2), ventilação pulmonar (VE) e da saturação periférica de oxigênio (SpO2) durante o Teste do degrau (TD6) e Teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6), em indivíduos saudáveis e com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), além de comparar os picos dos testes entre os grupos. Métodos: Foram avaliados 27 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sendo 10 saudáveis (Grupo 1 - G1, 66 +- 5,8 anos) e 17 com DPOC (obstrução moderada a grave, Grupo 2 - G; 71,5 +- 6,3 anos), através de um sistema metabólico, modelo VO2000, operado via computador pelo software Aerograph, para análise das variáveis VO2 e Ve. A SpO2 foi verificada através de um oxímetro de pulso portátil, durante o TD6 e TC6, com intervalo de 30 minutos entre eles. Estudo realizado com a anuência dos pacientes, de acordo com a resolução 196/96 do CNS. Resultados: Com relação a VE, constatou-se diferença significativa (Wilcoxon, p<_0,05) na análise intergupos, verificando-se valores maiores no G2, comparado ao G1; entretanto, o VO2 não mostrou diferença significativamente menor no G2 comparado ao G1 ewm ambos os testes. Na análise intragrupo, o G2 mostrou diferença significativa (Wilcoxon, p<_0,05) apenas para VE, sendo que o TC6 apresentou valores maiores que o TD6. Quanto ao G1, não observou-se diferença significativa ao comparar as variáveis citadas, em ambos os testes. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os indivíduos com DPOC, comparados aos saudáveis, apresentaram maior gasto ventilatório e dessaturação de oxigênio (queda >_5%) em ambos os testes.