Usage of immersive virtual reality as a relaxation method in an intensive care unit.

INTRODUCTION: The usage of immersive virtual reality (iVR) in the context of an intensive care unit (ICU) is scarce. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of the usage of iVR in critical patients with or without mechanical ventilation (MV) and to determine the anxiety degree before and after each session. METHODS: Analytical, descriptive, prospective, and cross-sectional research. Pilot test with 20 patients from a polyvalent ICU of a tertiary hospital. Adult patients were included, either connected or not to MV, watchful and calmed (RASS -1/+1) and without delirium (negative CAM-ICU). Oculus Go (Facebook Technologies, LLC) iVR glasses were the model used. The relaxation strategy consisted in the visualization of an experience of 15 min with scenes related to nature and fantasy, relaxing music with a plot. The sessions were individual, with the patient monitored in a fowler position or seated. The anxiety degree before and after each session was evaluated following a reduced version of the Spanish "Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI-e)" and they were analysed using T samples coupled (statistical significance when p-value was <0.05). RESULTS: Incorporation of 20 patients with an average age of 63.9 years old (60% men). A total of 34 sessions of iVR were conducted. 32% patients mechanically ventilated, 32% high-flow oxygen therapy, 36% other breathing supports. 80% of the sessions were completed without serious side effects. A significant decrease in the anxiety degree was observed after each iVR session: first session mean change -2.68 (SD = 2.75), p = 0.000; second session mean change -1.86 (SD = 1.57), p = 0.021; third session mean change -1.67 (SD = 1.63), p = 0.054. CONCLUSION: The usage of iVR in the context of an ICU is feasible, even with patients mechanically ventilated. iVR reduces the anxiety degree in the critic patient, which suggests that "digital therapies" can be effective to improve the emotional state during their stay in the ICU.

Tiempo de elevación del cabezal de la cama del paciente con ventilación mecánica y factores relacionados / Time of elevation of head of bed for patients receiving mechanical ventilation and its related factors

Introducción: La posición semiincorporada es una recomendación generalizada para la prevención de la neumonía asociada a ventilación mecánica. Objetivo: Identificar el tiempo de elevación de la cabecera de la cama del paciente sometido a ventilación mecánica y los factores del paciente relacionados con dicha elevación en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Realizado en una unidad de cuidados intensivos en hospital terciario, entre abril y junio de 2015. La población estudiada fueron pacientes con ventilación mecánica. Se registraron las horas diarias que los pacientes permanecían con el cabezal elevado (≥30°), datos sociodemográficos y variables clínicas. Resultados: Se recogieron 261 mediciones de elevación de cabezal. La media de horas diarias en que los pacientes permanecieron a ≥ 30° fue de 16h28′ (DE±5h38′), equivalente al 68,6% (DE±23,5%) del día. Factores relacionados a elevaciones ≥ 30° durante más tiempo fueron: llevar nutrición enteral, niveles de sedación profunda, diagnósticos cardíacos y neurocríticos. Factores que dificultaban la posición fueron: niveles de sedación de agitación y patologías abdominales. Sexo, edad y modalidad ventilatoria no obtuvieron relación significativa en elevaciones de cabezal. Conclusiones: A pesar de que elevar el cabezal es una medida preventiva fácil de realizar, económica y medible, su cumplimiento es bajo, existiendo factores específicos del estado clínico del paciente relacionados con dicho cumplimiento. Utilizar innovaciones como la medición continua de la posición del cabezal ayuda a evaluar la práctica clínica y permite llevar a cabo acciones de mejora cuyo impacto sea beneficioso para el paciente (AU)

Introduction: The semirecumbent position is a widespread recommendation for the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. Aims: To identify the time of elevation of head of bed for patients under mechanical ventilation and the factors related to such elevation in an intensive care unit. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. Conducted in an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital from April to June 2015. The studied population were mechanically ventilated patients. Daily hours in which patients remained with the head of the bed elevated (≥30°), socio-demographic data and clinical variables were recorded. Results: 261 head elevation measurements were collected. The average daily hours that patients remained at ≥30° was 16h28' (SD ±5h38'), equivalent to 68.6% (SD ±23.5%) of the day. Factors related to elevations ≥30° for longer were: enteral nutrition, levels of deep sedation, cardiac and neurocritical diagnostics. Factors that hindered the position were: sedation levels for agitation and abdominal pathologies. Sex, age and ventilation mode did not show a significant relationship with bed head elevation. Conclusions: Although raising the head of the bed is an easy to perform, economical and measurable preventive measure, its compliance is low due to specific factors specific related o the patient's clinical condition. Using innovations such as continuous measurement of the head position helps to evaluate clinical practice and allows to carry out improvement actions whose impact is beneficial to the patient (AU)

Time of elevation of head of bed for patients receiving mechanical ventilation and its related factors. / Tiempo de elevación del cabezal de la cama del paciente con ventilación mecánica y factores relacionados.

INTRODUCTION: The semirecumbent position is a widespread recommendation for the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. AIMS: To identify the time of elevation of head of bed for patients under mechanical ventilation and the factors related to such elevation in an intensive care unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study. Conducted in an intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital from April to June 2015. The studied population were mechanically ventilated patients. Daily hours in which patients remained with the head of the bed elevated (≥30°), socio-demographic data and clinical variables were recorded. RESULTS: 261 head elevation measurements were collected. The average daily hours that patients remained at ≥30° was 16h28' (SD ±5h38'), equivalent to 68.6% (SD ±23.5%) of the day. Factors related to elevations ≥30° for longer were: enteral nutrition, levels of deep sedation, cardiac and neurocritical diagnostics. Factors that hindered the position were: sedation levels for agitation and abdominal pathologies. Sex, age and ventilation mode did not show a significant relationship with bed head elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Although raising the head of the bed is an easy to perform, economical and measurable preventive measure, its compliance is low due to specific factors specific related o the patient's clinical condition. Using innovations such as continuous measurement of the head position helps to evaluate clinical practice and allows to carry out improvement actions whose impact is beneficial to the patient.

Plan de cuidados individualizado durante oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea. Caso clinic / Individualised care plan during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A clinical case

Describimos un plan de cuidados individualizado de una mujer diagnosticada de neumonía, intubada y con ventilación mecánica invasiva que ingresa en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos para oxigenación por membrana extracorpórea (ECMO). Se realiza valoración enfermera por patrones funcionales de Marjory Gordo, priorizando los diagnósticos enfermeros más relevantes, utilizando un modelo de razonamiento clínico (Análisis de Resultado del Estado Actual) y la taxonomía NANDA. Se describen: ansiedad ante la muerte, deterioro del intercambio de gases, disminución del gasto cardíaco, motilidad gastrointestinal disfuncional, riesgo de síndrome de desuso, riesgo de infección y riesgo de sangrado. Los objetivos principales son: disminuir el miedo de la familia, conseguir un óptimo estado respiratorio y cardiocirculatorio, mantener la función gastrointestinal, evitar las posibles complicaciones de la inmovilidad y disminuir al máximo el riesgo de infección y sangrado. En cuanto a las actividades, se han realizado: apoyo a la familia, correcto manejo de la vía aérea-ventilación mecánica, monitorización cardiorrespiratoria, de la piel y del estado nutricional, control de posibles infecciones y hemorragias (manejo de terapias, catéteres…). Para la evaluación de los resultados se ha utilizado la escala Likert, cumpliéndose todos los indicadores de resultado planteados. No se han encontrado casos que desarrollaran un plan de cuidados individualizado con taxonomía NNN utilizando ECMO veno-venosa. Los planes descritos con otro tipo de ECMO no utilizaron el modelo análisis de resultado del estado actual. Este caso puede apoyar a enfermeras a prestar atención a pacientes sometidos a ECMO veno-venosa, aunque son necesarios más casos para estandarizar los cuidados según la taxonomía NANDA

An individualised care plan is described for a woman diagnosed with pneumonia, intubated, and on invasive mechanical ventilation, who was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A nursing care plan was designed based on Marjory Gordon functional patterns. The most important nursing diagnoses were prioritised, using a model of clinical reasoning model (Analysis of the current status) and NANDA taxonomy. A description is presented on, death anxiety, impaired gas exchange, decreased cardiac output, dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility, risk for disuse syndrome, infection risk, and bleeding risk. The principal objectives were: to reduce the fear of the family, achieve optimal respiratory and cardiovascular status, to maintain gastrointestinal function, to avoid immobility complications, and to reduce the risk of infection and bleeding. As regards activities performed: we gave family support; correct management of the mechanical ventilation airway, cardio-respiratory monitoring, skin and nutritional status; control of possible infections and bleeding (management of therapies, care of catheters…). A Likert's scale was used to evaluate the results, accomplishing all key performance indicators which were propose at the beginning. Individualised care plans with NNN taxonomy using the veno-venous ECMO have not been described. Other ECMO care plans have not used the same analysis model. This case can help nurses to take care of patients subjected to veno-venous ECMO treatment, although more cases are needed to standardise nursing care using NANDA taxonomy

[Individualised care plan during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A clinical case]. / Plan de cuidados individualizado durante oxigenación con membrana extracorpórea. Caso clínico.

An individualised care plan is described for a woman diagnosed with pneumonia, intubated, and on invasive mechanical ventilation, who was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). A nursing care plan was designed based on Marjory Gordon functional patterns. The most important nursing diagnoses were prioritised, using a model of clinical reasoning model (Analysis of the current status) and NANDA taxonomy. A description is presented on, death anxiety, impaired gas exchange, decreased cardiac output, dysfunctional gastrointestinal motility, risk for disuse syndrome, infection risk, and bleeding risk. The principal objectives were: to reduce the fear of the family, achieve optimal respiratory and cardiovascular status, to maintain gastrointestinal function, to avoid immobility complications, and to reduce the risk of infection and bleeding. As regards activities performed: we gave family support; correct management of the mechanical ventilation airway, cardio-respiratory monitoring, skin and nutritional status; control of possible infections and bleeding (management of therapies, care of catheters…). A Likert's scale was used to evaluate the results, accomplishing all key performance indicators which were propose at the beginning. Individualised care plans with NNN taxonomy using the veno-venous ECMO have not been described. Other ECMO care plans have not used the same analysis model. This case can help nurses to take care of patients subjected to veno-venous ECMO treatment, although more cases are needed to standardise nursing care using NANDA taxonomy.