Nocardiosis cutánea primaria en un paciente en tratamiento con certolizumab / Primary Cutaneous Nocardiosis in a Man Treated With Certolizumab

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[Mid-term complications of the monopolar, modular radial head prosthesis]. / Complicaciones a mediano plazo de la prótesis monopolar modular de cabeza radial.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to assess the type, frequency and severity of complications after the implantation of the modular monopolar radial head prosthesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-seven patients with 48 radial head prostheses implanted between 2009 and 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were evaluated clinical and radiographically for a mean follow-up of 43.55 months (range: 12-89). RESULTS: The same type of prosthesis was implanted in every patient (Ascension Modular Radial Head). The average score in the Mayo Elbow Performance Score was 88.29 ± 9.9 points. During the follow-up, three patients (6.25%) suffered from continuous pain. Twelve cases (25.5%) showed radiological oversizing, though only five were symptomatic. Heterotopic ossification was detected in twenty-seven cases (57.4%). Eleven patients (23.4%) developed postoperative stiffness. Nineteen cases (40.42%) showed periprosthetic osteolysis, from which seven were symptomatic. Thirteen patients (27%) developed surgery-related complications: three cases of infection, four cases of symptomatic loosening, two neurapraxies, one instability and three cases of oversizing with associated stiffness. Nine patients (18.75%) required reintervention. DISCUSSION: Our study obtains a 27% of overall complications, mostly related to oversizing and prosthetic loosening, and 19% of reinterventions. These results are similar to those presented in previous studies, with variations depending on the time of follow-up. Further research is also required to evaluate long-term results and the potential progression of the radiographic findings. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these data stress the need for improvement in both the surgical technique and the design of the implants.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el tipo, la frecuencia y la gravedad de las complicaciones después de la implantación de la prótesis monopolar modular de cabeza radial. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron retrospectivamente 47 pacientes con 48 prótesis de cabeza radial implantadas entre 2009 y 2017 durante una media de 43.55 meses (rango: 12-89). RESULTADOS: Se implantó el mismo tipo de prótesis en cada paciente (Ascension Modular Radial Head). La puntuación media obtenida en la clasificación Mayo Elbow Performance Score fue de 88.29 ± 9.9 puntos. Durante el seguimiento tres pacientes (6.25%) sufrieron dolor continuo. Doce casos (25.5%) mostraron sobredimensión radiológica, aunque sólo cinco fueron sintomáticos. Se detectó osificación heterotópica en 27 casos (57.4%), 11 pacientes (23.4%) desarrollaron rigidez postoperatoria, 19 casos (40.42%) mostraron osteólisis periprotésica, de los cuales siete fueron sintomáticos, 13 pacientes (27%) presentaron complicaciones: tres casos de infección, cuatro casos de aflojamiento sintomático, dos neuroapraxias, una inestabilidad y tres casos de sobredimensionamiento con rigidez asociada. Nueve pacientes (18.75%) fueron reintervenidos. DISCUSIÓN: Presentamos 27% de complicaciones globales, principalmente relacionadas con la sobredimensión y el aflojamiento protésico y 19% de reintervenciones. Estos resultados son similares a los descritos en estudios previos con variaciones en función del tiempo de seguimiento. Asimismo, se requieren nuevos estudios para evaluar los resultados a largo plazo y la posible progresión de los hallazgos radiográficos. CONCLUSIÓN: En conjunto, estos datos ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de mejoría tanto de la técnica quirúrgica como del diseño de los implantes.

[Diaphragmatic pacemaker dysfunction and utility of diaphragmatic ultrasonography]. / Disfunción de marcapasos diafragmático y utilidad de la ecografía diafragmática.

Patients with spinal cord injuries above the C5 vertebrae have a high risk of respiratory complications, and complete spinal cord injures can require support with mechanical ventilation. In selected patients, implantation of a diaphragmatic pacemaker offers the possibility of breathing without mechanical support and reduces respiratory complications, increasing the patient's independence. Ultrasonography is a simple and non-invasive technique that may be useful in the differential diagnosis of thoracic diseases. We present the case of a patient with a traumatic cervical spinal cord injury, who underwent diaphragmatic pacemaker implantation. The use of ultrasound allowed rapid and reliable diagnosis of device malfunction. M-mode diaphragmatic ultrasonography is a simple and non-invasive technique that can be incorporated into routine clinical practice to diagnose diaphragm movement disorders.

Disfunción de marcapasos diafragmático y utilidad de la ecografía diafragmática / Diaphragmatic pacemaker dysfunction and utility of diaphragmatic ultrasonography

Los pacientes con lesiones medulares por encima de C5 presentan un alto riesgo de complicaciones respiratorias y en el caso de las lesiones medulares completas la mayoría requerirán soporte con ventilación mecánica de forma permanente. En pacientes seleccionados el implante de un marcapasos diafragmático ofrece la posibilidad de respirar sin soporte mecánico y representa una reducción de complicaciones respiratorias proporcionando al paciente mayor independencia. La ecografía supone una técnica sencilla y no invasiva que puede ser útil para el diagnóstico diferencial de patología torácica. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con lesión medular cervical traumática, al que le fue implantado un marcapasos diafragmático y en el que el uso de la ecografía permitió un diagnóstico rápido y fiable de una disfunción del dispositivo. La ecografía diafragmática en modo M es una técnica sencilla y no invasiva que se puede incorporar en la práctica clínica habitual para diagnosticar trastornos del movimiento del diafragma

Patients with spinal cord injuries above the C5 vertebrae have a high risk of respiratory complications, and complete spinal cord injures can require support with mechanical ventilation. In selected patients, implantation of a diaphragmatic pacemaker offers the possibility of breathing without mechanical support and reduces respiratory complications, increasing the patient's independence. Ultrasonography is a simple and non-invasive technique that may be useful in the differential diagnosis of thoracic diseases. We present the case of a patient with a traumatic cervical spinal cord injury, who underwent diaphragmatic pacemaker implantation. The use of ultrasound allowed rapid and reliable diagnosis of device malfunction. M-mode diaphragmatic ultrasonography is a simple and non-invasive technique that can be incorporated into routine clinical practice to diagnose diaphragm movement disorders

Descripción de las intervenciones quirúrgicas recogidas en el registro español de cirugía de Mohs (REGESMOHS) (2013-2015) / Characterization of Surgical Procedures in the Spanish Mohs Surgery Registry (REGESMOHS) for 2013-2015

Introducción: El Registro Español de Cirugía de Mohs recoge los datos de aplicación y resultados de esta técnica en España. Se describen los datos de las intervenciones realizadas desde el inicio del Registro en julio de 2013 a enero de 2016. Se analizan los datos de las cirugías tanto perioperatorios como intraoperatorios. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes prospectivo en el que participan 18 centros. Se recogen los datos de las intervenciones quirúrgicas como tipo de anestesia, técnica quirúrgica, ingreso hospitalario, número de estadios, manejo de factores de riesgo preoperatorios, tratamientos complementarios, tratamientos previos, tipo de tumor, tiempo empleado en la cirugía y complicaciones. Resultados: Se analizan 1.796 intervenciones quirúrgicas. El tumor intervenido con más frecuencia es el carcinoma basocelular (85,96%), seguido del carcinoma epidermoide (6,18%), lentigo maligno (2,81%) y dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1,97%). El 66,9% de los tumores eran primarios, el 19,2% recurrentes y el 13,9% persistentes. El tratamiento previo más frecuente fue quirúrgico. La cirugía de Mohs se realizó con más frecuencia bajo anestesia local (86,7%) y de forma ambulatoria (71,8%). En el 89,5% de los casos se utilizó la técnica de Mohs en congelación. El número de etapas requerido para alcanzar márgenes libres de tumor fue una en 56,45% de los pacientes, 2 en 32,1%, 3 en 7,1%, 4 en 2,7% y 5 o más en 1,8%. El propio dermatólogo reconstruyó el defecto en el 98% de los pacientes y la técnica reconstructiva más utilizada fue el colgajo (47,2%). Solo el 1,62% de los pacientes presentó alguna complicación intraoperatoria y la mediana de la duración de la cirugía fue 75 (p25:60-p75:100). Conclusión: Las características de los pacientes y tumores tratados son similares a las descritas en estudios de las mismas características en otras áreas geográficas. Existe un porcentaje mayor de lentigo maligno y dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. La reconstrucción la realiza el dermatólogo con más frecuencia que en otras series. El tiempo de utilización de quirófano no es mucho mayor que para otras técnicas y la tasa de complicaciones intraoperatorias es muy reducida (AU)

Introduction: The Spanish Mohs Surgery Registry is used to collect data on the use and outcomes of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in Spain. The aim of this study was to describe perioperative and intraoperative data recorded for MMS procedures performed between July 2013 (when the registry started) and January 2016. Material and methods: Prospective cohort study of data from 18 hospitals. The data collected included type of anesthesia, surgical technique, hospital admission, number of Mohs stages, management of preoperative risk factors, additional treatments, previous treatments, type of tumor, operating time, and complications. Results: Data were available for 1796 operations. The most common tumor treated by MMS was basal cell carcinoma (85.96%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (6.18%), lentigo maligna (2.81%), and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1.97%). Primary tumors accounted for 66.9% of all tumors operated on; 19.2% of tumors were recurrent and 13.9% were persistent. The most common previous treatment was surgical. MMS was mostly performed under local anesthesia (86.7% of cases) and as an outpatient procedure (71.8%). The frozen section technique was used in 89.5% of cases. One stage was needed to achieve tumor-free margins in 56.45% of patients; 2 stages were required in 32.1% of patients, 3 in 7.1%%, 4 in 2.7%, and 5 or more in 1.8%. The defect was reconstructed by the dermatologist in 98% of patients and the most common technique was flap closure (47.2%). Intraoperative complications were recorded for just 1.62% of patients and the median (interquartile range) duration of surgery was 75 (60-100) minutes. Conclusion: The characteristics of the patients and tumors treated by MMS are similar to those reported for similar studies in other geographic areas. Lentigo maligna and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans accounted for a higher proportion of cases in our series, and repair of the surgical defect by a dermatologist was also more common. Operating times in MMS are not much longer than those reported for other procedures and the rate of intraoperative complications is very low (AU)

Characterization of Surgical Procedures in the Spanish Mohs Surgery Registry (REGESMOHS) for 2013-2015. / Descripción de las intervenciones quirúrgicas recogidas en el registro español de cirugía de Mohs (REGESMOHS) (2013-2015).

INTRODUCTION: The Spanish Mohs Surgery Registry is used to collect data on the use and outcomes of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in Spain. The aim of this study was to describe perioperative and intraoperative data recorded for MMS procedures performed between July 2013 (when the registry started) and January 2016. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort study of data from 18 hospitals. The data collected included type of anesthesia, surgical technique, hospital admission, number of Mohs stages, management of preoperative risk factors, additional treatments, previous treatments, type of tumor, operating time, and complications. RESULTS: Data were available for 1796 operations. The most common tumor treated by MMS was basal cell carcinoma (85.96%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (6.18%), lentigo maligna (2.81%), and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1.97%). Primary tumors accounted for 66.9% of all tumors operated on; 19.2% of tumors were recurrent and 13.9% were persistent. The most common previous treatment was surgical. MMS was mostly performed under local anesthesia (86.7% of cases) and as an outpatient procedure (71.8%). The frozen section technique was used in 89.5% of cases. One stage was needed to achieve tumor-free margins in 56.45% of patients; 2 stages were required in 32.1% of patients, 3 in 7.1%%, 4 in 2.7%, and 5 or more in 1.8%. The defect was reconstructed by the dermatologist in 98% of patients and the most common technique was flap closure (47.2%). Intraoperative complications were recorded for just 1.62% of patients and the median (interquartile range) duration of surgery was 75 (60-100) minutes. CONCLUSION: The characteristics of the patients and tumors treated by MMS are similar to those reported for similar studies in other geographic areas. Lentigo maligna and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans accounted for a higher proportion of cases in our series, and repair of the surgical defect by a dermatologist was also more common. Operating times in MMS are not much longer than those reported for other procedures and the rate of intraoperative complications is very low.

Nódulo umbilical congénito en paciente de un año / Congenital Umbilical Nodule in a 1-Year-Old Infant

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Osteosíntesis percutánea en fracturas de pilón tibial, ¿condiciona la técnica quirúrgica el resultado final? / Percutaneous osteosynthesis in tibial pilon fractures. Does the surgical technique determine the final result?

Objetivo. Analizar los resultados del tratamiento de las fracturas de tibia distal con o sin afectación intraarticular, tratadas con osteosíntesis percutánea mediante placas o tornillos canulados. Material y método. Estudio retrospectivo de 107 pacientes intervenidos entre 2001 y 2012. Criterios de inclusión: fracturas 43-A y 43-C1 y C2 según la clasificación AO, tratadas con osteosíntesis percutánea mediante placa bloqueada o 2 tornillos canulados en aspa. Se evaluaron 33 pacientes: 16 casos fueron sintetizados con placa bloqueada (G1) y 17 con tornillos canulados (G2). El tiempo medio hasta cirugía fue de 8,31 días (0-14) en G1 y de 2 días (0-7) en G2. La media de seguimiento fue de 72 meses (12-132). Tiempo medio hasta consolidación: 17,08 semanas (8-48) en G1 y 14,56 semanas (8-24) en G2. Los resultados se evaluaron según la escala AOFAS, radiografías simples y complicaciones durante el seguimiento. Resultados. La valoración media según la AOFAS fue de 78,62 en G1 (22-93) y 90,63 en G2 (70-100), siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. En G1 el 61,4% (8) de los resultados fueron excelentes o buenos, mientras que en G2 lo fueron el 76% (13). Ausencia de casos con deformidad axial y acortamientos. Se registraron 4 infecciones superficiales y una rotura de material en G1. Discusión. La osteosíntesis percutánea con tornillos canulados supone una alternativa adecuada para el manejo de fracturas tibiales sin gran componente articular con mejores resultados que la síntesis con placas. El menor tiempo desde el traumatismo hasta la intervención en este grupo mejora la evolución de partes blandas, siendo significativo en el resultado final (AU)

Objetive. To analyze the outcomes of distal tibia fractures with or without extension into the ankle joint, treated by percutaneous cannulated screws or locking plates. Material and methodmethod. A retrospective study was conducted on 107 patients treated between 2001 and 2012. Inclusion criteria: fractures 43-A and 43-C1 and C2 according to the AO/OTA system, treated with percutaneous osteosynthesis by locking plate or two cannulated screws in X -letter setting. A total of 33 patients were evaluated: 16 tibial fractures were performed with locking plate (G1) and 17 with cannulated screws (G2). Mean time to surgery was 8.31 days (0-14) in G1, and 2 days (0-7) in G2. The mean follow-up was 72 months (12-132). Mean time to healing: 17.08 weeks (8-48) in G1, and 14.56 weeks (8-24) in G2. The results were evaluated according to the AOFAS scale, with plain X-rays, and complications during follow-up. Results. The mean evaluation according to the AOFAS score was 78.62 in G1 (22-93), and 90.63 in G2 (70-100), and this was statistically significant. In G1, 61.4% (8) of the results were excellent or good, while in G2 it was 76% (13). There were no axial deformity cases or shortenings. There were 4 superficial infections and one broken device recorded in G1. Discussion. The percutaneous cannulated screw fixation is a suitable alternative for the management of fractures without significant joint involvement, and seems to offer better functional results than plates. The shortest time from injury to intervention in this group improves the progress of the soft tissues, and can improve the final result (AU)

[Percutaneous osteosynthesis in tibial pilon fractures. Does the surgical technique determine the final result?]. / Osteosíntesis percutánea en fracturas de pilón tibial, ¿condiciona la técnica quirúrgica el resultado final?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes of distal tibia fractures with or without extension into the ankle joint, treated by percutaneous cannulated screws or locking plates. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 107 patients treated between 2001 and 2012. INCLUSION CRITERIA: fractures 43-A and 43-C1 and C2 according to the AO/OTA system, treated with percutaneous osteosynthesis by locking plate or two cannulated screws in X -letter setting. A total of 33 patients were evaluated: 16 tibial fractures were performed with locking plate (G1) and 17 with cannulated screws (G2). Mean time to surgery was 8.31 days (0-14) in G1, and 2 days (0-7) in G2. The mean follow-up was 72 months (12-132). Mean time to healing: 17.08 weeks (8-48) in G1, and 14.56 weeks (8-24) in G2. The results were evaluated according to the AOFAS scale, with plain X-rays, and complications during follow-up. RESULTS: The mean evaluation according to the AOFAS score was 78.62 in G1 (22-93), and 90.63 in G2 (70-100), and this was statistically significant. In G1, 61.4% (8) of the results were excellent or good, while in G2 it was 76% (13). There were no axial deformity cases or shortenings. There were 4 superficial infections and one broken device recorded in G1. DISCUSSION: The percutaneous cannulated screw fixation is a suitable alternative for the management of fractures without significant joint involvement, and seems to offer better functional results than plates. The shortest time from injury to intervention in this group improves the progress of the soft tissues, and can improve the final result.

Dermatofibroma gigante, una variante infrecuente de dermatofibroma / Giant dermatofibroma, a rare variant of dermatofibroma

El dermatofibroma es una neoplasia cutánea común de crecimiento lento y comportamiento biológico benigno. Existen presentaciones clínicas poco frecuentes como el dermatofibroma atrófico, el dermatofibroma ulcerado y el dermatofibroma gigante que pueden plantear dudas diagnósticas. La extirpación es curativa, aunque en variantes profundas pueden quedar restos que predispongan a la recidiva. Presentamos un nuevo caso de dermatofibromagigante profundo extirpado mediante cirugía micrográfica de Mohs (AU)

Dermatofibroma is a frequent cutaneous neoplasm with slow growth and benign behaviour. There are uncommon clinical variants like atrophic dermatofibroma, ulcerated dermatofibroma and giant dermatofibroma which may cause diagnostic problems. Excision of the tumor is curative, although in deep types the removal can be incomplete, predisposing to recurrence. A new case of deep giant dermatofibroma removed by Mohs micrographicsurgery is reported (AU)

Osteomas múltiples miliares de la cara / Multiple miliary oseoma of the face

Los osteomas miliares múltiples de la cara son una variante infrecuente de osificación cutánea que se caracteriza por la formación de hueso compacto en dermis y/o tejido celular subcutáneo. Se presentan dos casos de osteomas miliares múltiples de la cara afectando a dos pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo secundario a déficit de vitamina D (AU)

Multiple miliary osteomas of the face are a rare variant of osteoma cutis that is characterized by compact bone formation in the dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue. We report two cases of multiple miliary osteomas of the face involving two patients with hyperparathyroidism secondary to vitamin D deficiency (AU)

[Medium term results of unipolar modular radial head arthroplasty]. / Resultados a medio plazo de la artroplastia monopolar modular de cabeza radial.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the results of unipolar modular radial head arthroplasty in the treatment of complex fractures associated with elbow joint instability. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Retrospective design study of 44 patients, 17 men and 27 women with a mean age of 51 years (17-78) who suffered radial head fractures (Mason III) in the context of an unstable elbow injury. Mean follow-up was 21.2 months (12-60). Radial head replacement was performed with a unipolar modular prosthesis with a fixed stem (Ascension(®) Modular Radial Head [MRH]), associating repair of concomitant lesions. The Mayo scale Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used to perform the functional assessment. A radiological evaluation was performed at the last follow-up and the complications were recorded. RESULTS: Final arc of flexion-extension was 108° with an average of 135° of prono-Supination. At final follow-up, 82% of results were satisfactory according to the MEPS. The 40% of patients (17) had radiographic signs of lucencies around the stem, although most of them were asymptomatic. Two of them needed a second surgical procedure because of painful prosthetic loosening and further surgery was required for a prosthesis dislocation. DISCUSSION: Radial head implants are an adequate treatment option for restoring stability in complex radial head fractures. Modularity allows a wide range of size combination and helps to avoid overstuffing. Periprosthetic osteolysis could be associated with the presence of pain, so it is necessary to perform long-term studies to test the potential complications of this finding.

Resultados a medio plazo de la artroplastia monopolar modular de cabeza radial / Medium term results of unipolar modular radial head arthroplasty

Objetivo. Analizar los resultados de la artroplastia monopolar modular de la cabeza radial como tratamiento de fracturas complejas del codo asociadas a inestabilidad articular. Material y método. Estudio retrospectivo de 44 pacientes, 17 varones y 27 mujeres con una edad media de 51 años (17-78), que fueron intervenidos de fracturas de la cabeza radial tipo iii de Mason en el contexto de lesiones inestables del codo. El seguimiento medio fue de 21,2 meses (12-60). La sustitución de la cabeza radial se realizó con una prótesis monopolar modular de vástago fijo, denominada Ascension® Modular Radial Head (MRH), asociando la reparación de las lesiones concomitantes en el mismo acto quirúrgico. Para la evaluación funcional se utilizó la escala Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). También se registraron los hallazgos radiográficos y complicaciones durante el seguimiento. Resultados. El arco final de flexo-extension fue de 108° con una prono-supinación media de 135°. Al final del seguimiento, el 82% de los resultados fueron satisfactorios de acuerdo con la MEPS. El 40% de los pacientes (17) presentaron signos radiográficos de radiolucencia alrededor del vástago que resultaron asintomáticos. Dos de estos 17 pacientes precisaron reintervención por aflojamiento protésico doloroso y una nueva cirugía fue necesaria por luxación de la prótesis. Discusión. Los implantes monopolares son una opción válida de tratamiento para restaurar la estabilidad en las fracturas complejas de la cabeza radial. Su modularidad permite ampliar la selección de tamaños y evitar el pinzamiento radio-capitelar. La osteólisis periprotésica no es siempre sinónimo de ausencia de sintomatología, siendo necesarios estudios con seguimiento más prolongado para valorar la asociación de este hallazgo con el desarrollo de complicaciones potenciales (AU)

Objective. Analyze the results of unipolar modular radial head arthroplasty in the treatment of complex fractures associated with elbow joint instability. Material and method. Retrospective design study of 44 patients, 17 men and 27 women with a mean age of 51 years (17-78) who suffered radial head fractures (Mason III) in the context of an unstable elbow injury. Mean follow-up was 21.2 months (12-60). Radial head replacement was performed with a unipolar modular prosthesis with a fixed stem (Ascension® Modular Radial Head [MRH]), associating repair of concomitant lesions. The Mayo scale Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) was used to perform the functional assessment. A radiological evaluation was performed at the last follow-up and the complications were recorded. Results. Final arc of flexion-extension was 108° with an average of 135° of prono-Supination. At final follow-up, 82% of results were satisfactory according to the MEPS. The 40% of patients (17) had radiographic signs of lucencies around the stem, although most of them were asymptomatic. Two of them needed a second surgical procedure because of painful prosthetic loosening and further surgery was required for a prosthesis dislocation. Discussion. Radial head implants are an adequate treatment option for restoring stability in complex radial head fractures. Modularity allows a wide range of size combination and helps to avoid overstuffing. Periprosthetic osteolysis could be associated with the presence of pain, so it is necessary to perform long-term studies to test the potential complications of this finding (AU)