RESUMO
Secure attachment, developed through consistent relationships with attachment figures in childhood, is a crucial factor in fostering healthy interpersonal relationships and a positive self-perception. Part of the positive parenting approach and the theory of affect is taken as a basis to assess how perceived security, as an indicator of secure attachment, predicts adult self-concept through the mediating effects of resilience and positive self-esteem. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and nonprobabilistic study was conducted with 383 participants. We unveiled significant positive associations between perceived security, self-concept, resilience, and positive self-esteem. Path analysis demonstrated that resilience and positive self-esteem sequentially mediate the relationship between perceived security during childhood and adult self-concept. Findings suggest that the ability to cope with adversity and personal acceptance underlie the impact of perceived security on self-concept. It is recommended to promote family intervention programs framed within positive parenting that focus on fostering secure attachment given its influence on adult life. It is also deemed essential to incorporate the promotion of resilience and self-esteem into programs aimed at youths, and adult role models can enhance their self-perception and resilience in the face of potential effects stemming from insecure parenting practices.
RESUMO
Adolescence is a developmental period that implies a series of rapid changes that might complicate the role of parents. This study evaluates changes in parental monitoring and the strategies to solve family conflicts reported by parents who participated in the "Living Adolescence in Family" program in local social services and school centers. In addition, the study analyses the moderating role of family and facilitator variables that may affect the final results. The participants were 697 parents attending the social services (438 in the intervention group and 259 in the control group) and 1283 parents from school centers (880 in the intervention group and 403 in the control group). The results showed that families from local social services decreased the amount of control and improved monitoring in education and leisure spheres as well as self-disclosure whereas the families coming from school centers improved supervision in leisure and in self-disclosure. In addition, both groups of families improved their strategies for solving family conflicts, increasing the use of integrative strategies and decreasing the use of dominant strategies. There were differences across contexts: the results of the program in the social services context differed according to the participant and professional profiles whereas program results were more homogeneous in the school context. In sum, the program appears to be an efficient work tool, both for the professionals who work with at-risk families with adolescents and for the teachers who make use of the program for families with children at risk of early school dropout
La adolescencia es un período de desarrollo que implica una serie de cambios rápidos que podrían complicar el papel de los padres. Este estudio evalúa los cambios en la supervisión parental y en las estrategias de resolución de conflictos familiares reportados por los padres que participan en el programa 'Vivir la adolescencia en familia' en los servicios sociales locales y en los centros escolares. Además, el estudio analiza el papel moderador de la familia y las variables de los facilitadores que pueden afectar a los resultados finales. Los participantes fueron 697 padres que asistieron a los servicios sociales (438 en el grupo de intervención y 259 en el grupo control) y 1283 padres de los centros escolares (880 en el grupo de intervención y 403 en el grupo de control). Los resultados mostraron que las familias de los servicios sociales locales disminuyeron el control y mejoraron en supervisión educativa y en las esferas de ocio, así como en la apertura, mientras que las familias procedentes de centros escolares mejoraron la supervisión en el ocio y en la apertura. Además, ambos grupos de familias mejoraron las estrategias de resolución de conflictos familiares, aumentando el uso de estrategias integradoras y disminuyendo el uso de estrategias dominantes. Como signo de distinción, los resultados del programa en el contexto de los servicios sociales diferían según los participantes y los perfiles profesionales, mientras que los resultados del programa fueron más homogéneos en el contexto escolar. En resumen, el programa parece ser una herramienta de trabajo eficiente, tanto para los profesionales que trabajan con las familias con hijos adolescentes en situación de riesgo como para los profesores que han realizado el programa para familias con niños en riesgo de abandono escolar temprano
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Planejamento em Saúde/organização & administração , Planejamento em Saúde/normas , Serviço Social/métodos , Serviço Social/organização & administração , Conflito Familiar/psicologia , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Psicologia do Adolescente/métodos , Família/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Conflito Psicológico , Desenvolvimento do Adolescente/fisiologia , Relações Pais-Filho , Pais/psicologia , Planejamento/métodosRESUMO
El análisis y la evaluación de las competencias parentales es una tarea central en los Servicios Sociales y concretamente en los Servicios especializados de atención a las familias en situación de riesgo psicosocial. Es imprescindible conocerlas y evaluarlas, entre otros motivos, para tomar medidas de apoyo a la unidad familiar o incluso para determinar si es necesario retirar a un menor de su familia. Paradójicamente, ésta ha sido un área de investigación poco explorada y ha ocupado también un lugar secundario en el campo de la protección de menores. Por ello, es importante clarificar qué se entiende por competencia parental, cuáles son las competencias parentales consideradas básicas para la educación saludable y positiva de los menores y poder contar con directrices claras para que los técnicos puedan llevar a cabo la evaluación de las mismas. El presente artículo pretende dar respuesta a estas cuestiones mencionadas (AU)
The analysis and evaluation of parental competences is a central task for the Social Services and specifically for those services targeted at families living in psychosocial risk circumstances. The evaluation of parental competence can be used, among others motives, to take support measures to the family or even to determine if it is necessary to displace the children from his/her home. Despite of its importance, it is an area of study under exploited that also plays a secondary role in the field of child protection. For this reason, it is important to clarify what is meant by parental competence, which are the parental competences considered as basic for the healthy and positive parenting of the children, as well as to have clear guidelines to profesionals for carrying out the assessment of these competences. The current article tries to give answers to the questions mentioned (AU)
