Endometriosis: «Nivel de conocimiento y expectativas de formación específica entre profesionales especialistas en medicina de familia y comunitaria y matronas en atención primaria en la isla de Gran Canaria» / Endometriosis: “Level of knowledge and expectations of specific training among primary care doctors and midwives on the island of Gran Canaria, Spain”

Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de conocimiento entre profesionales sanitarios de atención primaria sobre endometriosis e identificar sus necesidades formativas en esta materia. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo realizado en atención primaria del Área de Salud de Gran Canaria, mediante cuestionario online anónimo. Resultados: Ciento diecinueve especialistas en medicina de familia y comunitaria y 37 matronas respondieron el cuestionario. El 54,6% de profesionales médicos y el 67,6% de matronas consideran escaso su conocimiento sobre endometriosis. Menos del 50% de profesionales conoce la guía de atención a las mujeres con endometriosis en el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Los síntomas más frecuentes relacionados con endometriosis son: dismenorrea moderada/severa, dolor pélvico crónico, esterilidad. Los menos relacionados son los digestivos y las alteraciones urinarias catameniales. Un 80% de profesionales médicos señalan como menor de 10 el número anual de pacientes en las que piensan que puedan tener endometriosis y menos de 20 para el 75% de matronas. El 40% de profesionales médicos trataría a una paciente con solo dismenorrea y sin planes de gestación con anticonceptivos orales; el 8% considera que el dolor con la menstruación es algo común. El 25% de profesionales especialistas en medicina de familia y comunitaria señalan la terapia de larga duración con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos como tratamiento de primera línea. Menos del 25% de ellos derivarían al especialista en Ginecología con solo sospechar endometriosis. Mayoritariamente los profesionales manifiestan interés en mejorar su formación en endometriosis. El 94,6% de las matronas consideran que tienen un papel estratégico en el manejo de pacientes con endometriosis. Conclusión: La demora en el diagnóstico de la endometriosis se debe en parte al desconocimiento de la enfermedad. Los profesionales de atención primaria constituyen la primera línea de atención sanitaria.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the level of knowledge of endometriosis in primary care doctors and midwives and to identify their training needs in this area. Design: Descriptive study conducted in the primary care services of the Health Area of Gran Canaria, through an anonymous online questionnaire. Results: One hundred and nineteen doctors and 37 midwives completed the questionnaire; 54.6% of doctors and 67.6% of midwives considered that their knowledge about endometriosis was poor. Less than 50% of healthcare professionals knew the National System of Health's guidelines for the management of women with endometriosis. Symptoms most frequently associated to endometriosis included: moderate/severe dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain and sterility. Less frequently related ones included: digestive symptoms and catamenial urinary disorders; 80% of doctors suspected endometriosis in <10 women per year; 75% of midwives suspected this condition in <20 women per year; 40% of doctors would prescribe oral contraceptives to patients with dysmenorrhea who were not planning pregnancy; 8% of doctors considered that menstruation-associated pain was common. Medical therapy was the most frequently chosen first-line treatment; 25% of doctors would choose long-term NSAIDs therapy as a first-line treatment; less than 25% of them would refer a patient to the Gynecology service only for suspected endometriosis. Most health professionals expressed their interest in improving their knowledge about endometriosis; 94.6% of midwives considered that they played a strategic role in the identification and management of patients with endometriosis. Conclusion: Delays in the diagnosis of endometriosis are partially due to ignorance of the disease. Primary care professionals constitute the first line of health care. In this context, it is essential to develop specific training strategies, which would be welcome by health professionals.(AU)

Characteristics and Therapeutic Needs of Older Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Admitted to a General Hospital.

BACKGROUND: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a prevalent geriatric syndrome causing severe nutritional and respiratory complications. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the characteristics and therapeutic needs of older patients with OD admitted to a general hospital. DESIGN, PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: Prospective cohort study with patients (≥70 years) with OD consecutively admitted to a general hospital. OD was clinically assessed with the Volume-Viscosity Swallowing Test and nutritional status with the Mini Nutritional Assessment-short form. Oral health (OH) and periodontal diseases were evaluated by dentists. Functionality, frailty, sarcopenia, comorbidities, dehydration, quality of life (QoL) and mortality were also assessed. RESULTS: We included 235 patients (87.3±5.5 years) with OD hospitalized for acute diseases (9.6±7.6 days). On admission, they had low functionality (Barthel: 51.3±25.1), frailty (Fried: 3.9±0.9; Edmonton: 10.3±2.7, 87.2-91.1% frail) and high comorbidities (Charlson: 3.7±2.0). Moreover, 85.1% presented signs of impaired safety and 84.7% efficacy of swallow. Up to 48% required fluid adaptation with a xanthan gum-based thickener (89.4% at 250 mPa·s; 10.6% at 800 mPa·s) and 93.2% a texture-modified diet (TMD) (74.4%, fork-mashable; 25.6%, pureed). A total of 98.7% had nutritional risk, 32.3% sarcopenia and 75.3% dehydration. OH was moderate (Oral Hygiene Index-simplified: 2.0±1.3) and 67.4% had periodontitis. QoL self-perception was 62.2% and 5.5% of patients died during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Hospitalized older OD patients have impaired safety of swallow, frailty, malnutrition, dehydration, low functional capacity and poor OH and high risk of respiratory infections. They need a multimodal intervention including fluid thickening, TMD, thickened oral nutritional supplementation and OH care to improve health status and reduce OD-associated complications.

Identificación de factores que se asocian a alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes gestacional / Identification of factors associated with a high risk of developing gestational diabetes

Objetivos: Principal. Determinar la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo reconocidos para diabetes gestacional (DG) en nuestra población. Definir el perfil de las pacientes con mayor riesgo de desarrollar DG. Secundario. Analizar la aceptabilidad por parte de las gestantes de las pruebas de cribado. Material y método: Se trata de un estudio observacional ambispectivo en el que se reclutaron 1448 gestantes en un único centro, entre el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y el 31 de julio de 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: no antecedente de diabetes mellitus pregestacional, no antecedente de DG en gestación previa, no antecedentes de cirugía bariátrica, haber realizado cribado para DG en la actual gestación. Resultados: La prevalencia de DG en nuestra población fue del 6,7%. Los factores de riesgo que se asociaron con el desarrollo de DG en nuestra población fueron: edad≥27,5 años (OR: 3,8; IC95%: 2,01-9,16), IMC≥28,5kg/m2 (OR: 2,3; IC95%:1,47-3,59); antecedente de diabetes mellitus en familiares de primer grado (OR: 2,3; IC95%: 1,5-3,66) y la gestación múltiple (OR: 2,8; IC95%: 0,86-6,36). La prevalencia de la DG se incrementó según lo hacía el número de factores de riesgo encontrados en la gestante: desde el 1,4% en las pacientes sin los factores de riesgo hasta el 25.2% con 3 factores de riesgo presentes. El 26,8% de las pacientes calificaron como desagradable la realización del test de ÓSullivan (50g glucosa) y el 65,4% la prueba de sobrecarga oral con 100g de glucosa. Conclusiones: La edad de la gestante≥27,5, el IMC≥28,5kg/m2, el antecedente de diabetes mellitus en familiares de primer y la gestación múltiple son factores que se asocian con alto riesgo de desarrollar DG; estos factores serían suficientes para identificar a la mayoría de las gestantes que desarrollarán DG. Nuestros resultados pueden aplicarse para mejorar los programas de atención prenatal destinados al diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de la DG.(au)

Objectives: The main objective is to determine the current prevalence of recognised risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in our region, and to define the profile of patients at higher risk of developing this condition. We also investigate patient acceptability of the screening tests. Material and methods: This is an ambispective study with 1,448 pregnant women recruited between December 2017 and July 2019 from a single centre. Inclusion criteria were no diabetes mellitus prior to the pregnancy, no history of GDM in any previous pregnancy, no history of bariatric surgery before the pregnancy, and GDM screening tests performed. Results: The prevalence of GDM was 6.7%. Risk factors associated with development of GDM were: age≥27.5 years (OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 2.01-9.16); BMI≥28.5kg/m2 (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.47-3.59); history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives (OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.5-3.66); and multiple pregnancy (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 0.86-6.36); Prevalence of GDM increased with the number of risk factors presented by patients: from 1.4% with no risk factor, to 25.2% with 3. The O'Sullivan test (50g glucose) and oral glucose tolerance test (100g glucose) were perceived as “unpleasant” by 26.8% and 65.4% of patients, respectively. Conclusions: Age≥27.5 years, BMI≥28.5kg/m2, history of diabetes mellitus in first-degree relatives, and multiple pregnancy are factors related to an increased risk of GDM; these factors would be enough to identify most pregnant women developing GDM. Our findings may be used to improve programmes aimed at early diagnosis of gestational diabetes and supporting high-risk mothers in antenatal care.(AU)

Effect of obesity on fragility fractures, BMD and vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women. Influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: To see the effects of obesity on risk fracture, bone density (BMD), and vitamin D levels in a group of postmenopausal women, and consider how comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) modifies them. METHODS: 679 postmenopausal women were grouped into obese and non-obese. Obese women were grouped into those with T2DM and those without. 25(OH)-vitamin D, PTH and BMD were measured, and prevalent fragility fractures were gathered. RESULTS: Obese women had higher prevalence of T2DM, than non-obese women. Levels of 25(OH)-vitamin D were lower and those of PTH higher in obese women, BMD values were higher in obese women. Diabetic-obese women had a higher prevalence of non-vertebral fractures than non-diabetic-obese. Multivariate logistic regression model showed association of fragility fractures with age, total hip BMD, BMI and T2DM. Obese women have higher BMD and lower 25(OH)-vitamin D values (and higher PTH) than non-obese, without diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: T2DM confers an increased risk of non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal obese women.

Valores extremos del IMC materno: factores determinantes de peores resultados obstétricos y perinatales / Extreme values of maternal BMI: Determinants of worse obstetric and perinatal outcomes

Objetivo: Conocer la influencia del índice de masa corporal (IMC) materno al inicio del embarazo en los resultados obstétricos-perinatales. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional-ambispectivo. Se incluyeron 1.407 pacientes con gestaciones únicas y partos de fetos>24 semanas entre el 01/12/2017 y el 31/07/2019. La muestra fue estratificada según su IMC según la clasificación de la OMS. Se analizaron variables sobre: enfermedad pregestacional, gestacional, asistencia obstétrica y resultados maternos-perinatales y se compararon entre los grupos estudiados. El programa estadístico utilizado ha sido R Core Team 2020, versión 3.6.3. Un valor de p≤0,05 se consideró significativo. Resultados: Las obesas ii-iii (IMC 35-39 e IMC≥40, respectivamente) tienen mayor riesgo de hipertensión arterial crónica (OR 53,54, IC95% 18,21-229,02), diabetes gestacional (OR 5,24, IC95% 2,87-9,51) y preeclampsia (OR 2,38, IC95% 0,95-5,51; p=0,049). Las de bajo peso tuvieron más fetos con crecimiento intrauterino restringido (OR 3,09, IC95% 1,46-6,17). Las inducciones del parto y las cesáreas aumentan conforme lo hace el IMC (p=0,006). Las pacientes con bajo peso también tuvieron mayor riesgo de cesárea (OR 2,46, IC95% 1,06-5,20). Los ingresos neonatales fueron más frecuentes en mujeres obesas y con bajo peso (OR 2,68, IC95% 1,39-5,00, y OR 2,56, IC95% 1,10-5,44, respectivamente). Las obesas tuvieron más riesgo de peso neonatal>4.000g (OR 3,06, IC95% 1,57-5,77) y las gestantes de bajo peso más riesgo de peso neonatal<2.500g (OR 2,94, IC95% 1,54-5,41). Conclusión: Los valores extremos del IMC materno al inicio de la gestación son factores determinantes para un desenlace obstétrico-perinatal adverso.(AU)

Objective: To study the influence of maternal body mass index (BMI) at the beginning of pregnancy on obstetric-perinatal outcomes. Material and methods: Observational-ambispective study. We recruited 1407 patients with singleton gestations and deliveries of foetuses>24 weeks between 01/12/2017 and 31/07/2019. The sample was stratified according to their BMI following the WHO classification. Variables on pre-pregnancy, gestational disease, obstetric care, and maternal-perinatal outcomes were analysed and compared between the studied groups. The statistical program has been R Core Team 2020, version 3.6.3. P≤.05 was considered significant. Results: Class II-III (BMI 35-39 and BMI≥40 respectively) obese women have a higher risk of chronic arterial hypertension (OR 53.54, 95% CI 18.21-229.02), gestational diabetes (OR 5.24, 95% CI 2.87-9.51) and preeclampsia (OR 2.38, 95% CI 0.95-5.51 with P=.049). The underweight women had more intrauterine growth restriction diagnoses (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.46-6.17). Inductions of labour and caesarean sections increase as BMI increases (P=.006). Low weight patients also had a higher risk of caesarean section (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.06-5.20). Neonatal admissions were more frequent in obese and underweight women (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.39-5.00 and OR 2.56, 95% CI 1.10-5.44 respectively). Obese women had a higher risk of neonatal weight>4000g (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.57-5.77) and low weight pregnant women had a higher risk of neonatal weight<2500g (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.54-5.41). Conclusion: Extreme values of maternal BMI at the beginning of gestation are determining factors for an adverse obstetric-perinatal outcome.(AU)

Úlceras vulvares: un reto diagnóstico / Vulvar ulcers: A diagnostic challenge

Las úlceras vulvares son una entidad patológica relevante por su repercusión en la calidad de vida de la mujer y suponen un desafío diagnóstico dada la variedad etiológica y de presentación clínica. El diagnóstico se basa en la anamnesis, la exploración física detallada y pruebas complementarias.Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de 39 años con diagnóstico de úlceras vulvares graves, recidivantes, que requirió ingreso hospitalario prolongado en tres ocasiones. Se describe el proceso de identificación, los posibles diagnósticos diferenciales y el resultado del tratamiento aplicado.(AU)

Vulvar ulcers are an important pathological condition due to their impact on the quality of life of women. It is a diagnostic challenge given the aetiological variety and clinical presentation. The diagnosis is based on anamnesis, detailed physical examination, and complementary tests.The clinical case is presented of a 39-year-old patient diagnosed with severe, recurrent vulvar ulcers, and who required prolonged hospital admission on three occasions. The diagnostic process, possible differential diagnoses, and the outcome of the applied treatment are described.(AU)

Influencia de la lactancia materna en el metabolismo mineral óseo después de la menopausia / Influence of breastfeeding on bone mineral metabolism after menopause

Objetivo: Los estilos de vida y la historia ginecológica parecen influir en el metabolismo mineral óseo. Existen datos contradictorios sobre los posibles efectos de la lactancia materna en el posterior desarrollo de una osteoporosis densitométrica o la aparición de fracturas por fragilidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue valorar dichos efectos. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, abierto, realizado en 758 mujeres postmenopáusicas que fueron clasificadas en dos grupos, dependiendo de que hubieran lactado a sus hijos o no. Se recogieron datos sobre estilos de vida, historia ginecológica y fracturas por fragilidad. Se les realizó una analítica general, con función renal, hepática, lípidos, iones, así como marcadores bioquímicos de remodelado óseo, hormona paratiroidea (PTH) y vitamina D (25HCC). Se les determinó la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) en la columna lumbar y en la extremidad proximal del fémur mediante absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA). Así mismo se les realizó una medición mediante ultrasonografía cuantitativa (QUS) en el calcáneo del pie dominante. Los datos crudos, después de ser comparados por grupos, fueron ajustados aplicando el método de pareamiento por puntuación de propensión o propensity score matching, realizándose una comparación más precisa de las variables estudiadas. (AU)

Objetive: Lifestyle and gynecological history appear to influence bone mineral metabolism. There are conflicting data on the possible effects of breastfeeding on the subsequent development of densitometric osteoporosis or the development of fragility fractures. The objective of this study was to assess these effects. Material and methods: Observational, cross-sectional, open study, carried out in 758 postmenopausal women who were classified into two groups, depending on whether they had breastfed their children or not. Data were collected on lifestyles, gynecological history and fragility fractures. They underwent a general analysis, with renal and hepatic function, lipids, ions, as well as biochemical markers of bone remodeling, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D (25HCC). Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined in the lumbar spine and in the proximal extremity of the femur by dual Xray absorptiometry (DXA). Likewise, a quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurement was performed on the calcaneus of the dominant foot. The raw data, after being compared by groups, were adjusted by applying the propensity score matching method, making a more precise comparison of the variables studied. (AU)

Feasibility, tolerability, and safety of hysterosalpingo-foam sonography (hyfosy). multicenter, prospective Spanish study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility,tolerability, and safety of the ultrasound assessment of tubal patency using foam as contrast. METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter study of 915 infertile nulliparous women scheduled for sonohysterosalpingography with foam instillation (HYFOSY) for tubal patency testing as a part of the fertility workup. Clinical and sonographic data were recorded into a web-shared database. Tubal patency, cervical catheterization, pain during the procedure and post-procedural complications were collected. Patients reported discomfort or pain experienced during the procedure with a visual analogue scale (VAS) score. RESULTS: Nine hundred fifteen women were included in the final analysis. Median age was 34 (range, 21-45) years and median body mass index was 23 (range, 16-41) kg/m2. Of 839 women, only 8(0.95 %) cases were abandoned due to impossibility of introducing the intracervical catheter. Most of the cervical os were easily cannulated with either paediatric nasogastric probes or special catheter for intrauterine insemination / sonohysterosalpingography 688/914(75.3 %). With a median instillation of 4 mL (range 1-16) of foam, both tubes were identified in 649/875 (70.9 %) patients, while unilateral patency was observed in 190/875 (20.8 %). Only 36/875 (3.9 %) of the women had bilateral tubal obstruction. The median VAS score for perception of pain during HyFoSy examination was 2 (range 0-10), and only 17 (1.9 %) of women reported severe pain (VAS ≥ 7). Pain was unrelated to tubal patency or tubal blockage. Unexpectedly, difficult cervical catheterizations that needed tenaculum, were more likely associated with mild pain during procedure [nasogastric probe group 176/289 (70.9 %) vs. insemination catheter group 166/399 (41.6 %) vs. tenaculum group 190/218(87.2 %) p < 0.001]. Finally, among 915 patients, we only noticed 3 (0.32 %) complications of the technique: two vasovagal episodes and a mild urinary infection. CONCLUSION: HYFOSY is a feasible, well-tolerated and safe technique for the evaluation of tubal patency in infertile women.

Tibial tray cementation is not necessary for knee revision with titanium metaphyseal sleeves: a mid-term prospective study in AORI 2B defects.

PURPOSE: Metaphyseal fixation with porous titanium sleeves in revision knee surgery provides mechanical support to the implant, promotes biological fixation, and has shown satisfactory short- and mid-term results. Cement is commonly used to fix the tibial tray to the epiphyseal area. The objective of this study is to determine whether cement should be used to achieve fixation of the tibial tray with the hypothesis that metaphyseal sleeves would provide enough axial and rotational stability making cementation unnecessary. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of 60 patients undergoing knee replacement surgery with metaphyseal sleeves in type 2B defects in femur and tibia. Patients were divided into two groups according to the use of cement on the tibial component. Analysis included the American Knee Society Score (KSS) knee and functional scales, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) index, the Short Form 12 (SF-12) health survey, and radiographic assessment with a maximum follow-up of 5 years. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in any of the parameters assessed. CONCLUSION: Metaphyseal sleeves showed a 100% survivorship at five years of followup. There were no differences in clinical and radiographic outcomes at five years of follow-up depending on whether or not cement was used for tibial platform fixation. Cementation of the tibial tray would therefore not be required to achieve satisfactory mid-term results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II: prospective cohort study. Therapeutic.

How to integrate stereotactic body radiation therapy and hypofractionation in the management of stage III lung cancer in the age of immunotherapy / Cómo integrar la radioterapia estereotáxica fraccionada y el hipofraccionamiento en el manejo del cáncer de pulmón localmente avanzado en la era de la inmunoterapia

The constant advances in the field of lung cancer immunotherapy have recently reached the treatment of locally advanced disease with the approval of durvalumab after concurrent chemoradiation. However, radiation therapy continues to be key for controlling the disease at this stage. Over the years, different strategies have been employed to try to optimize outcomes using radiotherapy, with cardiac and pulmonary toxicity as the main limitation on its success. The interest in the use of hypofractionation and stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer has increased as knowledge regarding these kinds of treatments has been enhanced. Hypofractionation is a relatively frequent treatment, although the level of evidence that supports it is limited. For its part, stereotactic body radiation therapy has been particularly studied as a boost after chemoradiation, with encouraging results. In both cases, study of how to integrate these tools with chemotherapy and particularly with immunotherapy is essential, as they may have an immunomodulatory role

The constant advances in the field of lung cancer immunotherapy have recently reached the treatment of locally advanced disease with the approval of durvalumab after concurrent chemoradiation. However, radiation therapy continues to be key for controlling the disease at this stage. Over the years, different strategies have been employed to try to optimize outcomes using radiotherapy, with cardiac and pulmonary toxicity as the main limitation on its success. The interest in the use of hypofractionation and stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer has increased as knowledge regarding these kinds of treatments has been enhanced. Hypofractionation is a relatively frequent treatment, although the level of evidence that supports it is limited. For its part, stereotactic body radiation therapy has been particularly studied as a boost after chemoradiation, with encouraging results. In both cases, study of how to integrate these tools with chemotherapy and particularly with immunotherapy is essential, as they may have an immunomodulatory role

Comparación del abordaje abierto frente al artroscópico en el tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular / Comparison of the open versus the arthroscopic approach in the treatment of femoroacetabular shock

OBJETIVOS: Comparar clínica y radiográficamente los resultados y complicaciones del tratamiento quirúrgico del choque femoroacetabular, mediante cirugía abierta o abordaje artroscópico. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se incluye a los pacientes intervenidos entre junio de 2009 y enero de 2018 de choque femoroacetabular mediante abordaje abierto o artroscópico. De dichos pacientes se obtuvieron datos diagnósticos, resultados pre- y postoperatorios del ángulo α, escala Tönnis, valoración clínica mediante Harris Hip Score, estancia hospitalaria y posibles complicaciones así como evolución a prótesis total de cadera. RESULTADOS: Fueron incluidos en el estudio 57 pacientes, de los cuales 27 fueron sometidos a femoroplastia abierta (45,6%) y 31 a cirugía artroscópica de cadera (54,4%). A la hora de comparar los resultados obtenidos en cuanto corrección de ángulo α y de la puntuación del Harris Hip Score, no se obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Donde sí se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas fue en la estancia hospitalaria, siendo aquí superior aquellas femoroplastias realizadas mediante cirugía artroscópica. CONCLUSIÓN: Ambas técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular son válidas y obtienen resultados satisfactorios, si bien es cierto que la artroscopia está demostrando resultados superiores respecto a la cirugía abierta en el acortamiento de los tiempos quirúrgicos, estancia hospitalaria y recuperación postoperatoria

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and imaging results and complications between patients treated for femoroacetabular impingement who underwent either open surgery or an arthroscopic approach. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent femoroacetabular impingement surgical treatment between June 2009 and January 2018. Patients treated with open surgery were compared with those treated with arthroscopy. Patients were radiographically and clinically assessed by alpha angle, degree of arthritis, Harris Hip Score, hospital stay and complications, as well as progression to total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS: 57 patients with FAI were included; 27 (45.6%) underwent open surgery and 31 (54.4%) underwent arthroscopy. Statistically significant differences were observed in hospital stay, where the patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery showed better outcomes. There were no other statistically significant differences, the results were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopy and open surgery treatments for femoroacetabular impingement provided comparable clinical and radiographic results. However, the latter surgery provides better results in surgery time, hospital stay and postoperative recovery

Acute stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ictus Madrid Program recommendations. / Atención al ictus agudo durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Recomendaciones Plan Ictus Madrid.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in complete saturation of healthcare capacities, making it necessary to reorganise healthcare systems. In this context, we must guarantee the provision of acute stroke care and optimise code stroke protocols to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and rationalise the use of hospital resources. The Madrid Stroke multidisciplinary group presents a series of recommendations to achieve these goals. METHODS: We conducted a non-systematic literature search using the keywords "stroke" and "COVID-19" or "coronavirus" or "SARS-CoV-2." Our literature review also included other relevant studies known to the authors. Based on this literature review, a series of consensus recommendations were established by the Madrid Stroke multidisciplinary group and its neurology committee. RESULTS: These recommendations address 5 main objectives: 1) coordination of action protocols to ensure access to hospital care for stroke patients; 2) recognition of potentially COVID-19-positive stroke patients; 3) organisation of patient management to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare professionals; 4) avoidance of unnecessary neuroimaging studies and other procedures that may increase the risk of infection; and 5) safe, early discharge and follow-up to ensure bed availability. This management protocol has been called CORONA (Coordinate, Recognise, Organise, Neuroimaging, At home). CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations presented here may assist in the organisation of acute stroke care and the optimisation of healthcare resources, while ensuring the safety of healthcare professionals.

How to integrate stereotactic body radiation therapy and hypofractionation in the management of stage III lung cancer in the age of immunotherapy.

The constant advances in the field of lung cancer immunotherapy have recently reached the treatment of locally advanced disease with the approval of durvalumab after concurrent chemoradiation. However, radiation therapy continues to be key for controlling the disease at this stage. Over the years, different strategies have been employed to try to optimize outcomes using radiotherapy, with cardiac and pulmonary toxicity as the main limitation on its success. The interest in the use of hypofractionation and stereotactic body radiation therapy for stage III non-small cell lung cancer has increased as knowledge regarding these kinds of treatments has been enhanced. Hypofractionation is a relatively frequent treatment, although the level of evidence that supports it is limited. For its part, stereotactic body radiation therapy has been particularly studied as a boost after chemoradiation, with encouraging results. In both cases, study of how to integrate these tools with chemotherapy and particularly with immunotherapy is essential, as they may have an immunomodulatory role.

Comparison of the open versus the arthroscopic approach in the treatment of femoroacetabular shock. / Comparación del abordaje abierto frente al artroscópico en el tratamiento del choque femoroacetabular.

OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical and imaging results and complications between patients treated for femoroacetabular impingement who underwent either open surgery or an arthroscopic approach. METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent femoroacetabular impingement surgical treatment between June 2009 and January 2018. Patients treated with open surgery were compared with those treated with arthroscopy. Patients were radiographically and clinically assessed by alpha angle, degree of arthritis, Harris Hip Score, hospital stay and complications, as well as progression to total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS: 57 patients with FAI were included; 27 (45.6%) underwent open surgery and 31 (54.4%) underwent arthroscopy. Statistically significant differences were observed in hospital stay, where the patients who underwent arthroscopic surgery showed better outcomes. There were no other statistically significant differences, the results were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopy and open surgery treatments for femoroacetabular impingement provided comparable clinical and radiographic results. However, the latter surgery provides better results in surgery time, hospital stay and postoperative recovery.

Malmström vacuum or Kielland forceps: which causes more damage to pelvic floor?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether differences exist in the rate of levator ani muscle (LAM) avulsion between women who had undergone either Malmström vacuum delivery (MVD) or Kielland forceps delivery (KFD), allowing for potential confounding factors. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of nulliparous women undergoing instrumental delivery using Malmström vacuum extractor or Kielland forceps, at two hospital centers in Spain. Fetal head position (anterior, posterior or transverse) and fetal head station (low or mid) were assessed by ultrasound and digital examination, respectively. Avulsion was defined on tomographic ultrasound imaging as an abnormal insertion of the LAM in the three central slices from the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions. RESULTS: In total, 414 patients were included in the study (212 MVD and 202 KFD). We observed a higher rate of LAM avulsion in the KFD group (KFD 49.5% vs MVD 32.5%; P = 0.001). When the results were evaluated according to fetal head position and station, we observed no differences in LAM avulsion. The crude odds ratio (OR) for the difference in avulsion between women in the KFD and MVD groups was 2.03 (95% CI, 1.36-3.03). However, when adjusted for duration of second stage of labor, fetal head circumference and fetal head station, the OR was no longer statistically significant (OR, 2.14 (95% CI, 0.95-4.85); P = 0.068). CONCLUSION: When potential confounding factors are taken into account, the rate of LAM avulsion does not differ between women according to whether they have undergone KFD or MVD. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Onabotulinumtoxin A en la incontinencia urinaria: estudio prospectivo de serie de casos / Onabotulinumtoxin A in urinary incontinence: Prospective Study of a Case Series

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de una inyección intravesical única de Onabotulinumtoxin A (OnaBTA) en el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria de urgencia en mujeres. Método: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo de serie de casos en pacientes consecutivas con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo refractaria tratadas con una inyección intravesical de OnaBTA. Las pacientes recibieron 100 unidades de OnaBTA inyectada en la pared vesical después de 4 semanas de lavado de anticolinérgicos o agonistas beta 3. Las variables urodinámicas y clínicas fueron evaluadas antes y 6 meses después de la inyección de OnaBTA. La variable principal del estudio fue el número de episodios de escapes urinarios. Resultados: Un total de 204 de las 210 pacientes seleccionadas realizaron una visita válida al sexto mes de la aplicación terapéutica. A los 6 meses del tratamiento con OnaBTA 110 (53,9%) pacientes permanecieron continentes y fueron consideradas como éxito. Por otro lado, 57 (27,9%) presentaron un episodio de escape urinario por día y 37 (18,2%) tuvieron 2 o más. En relación con los parámetros urodinámicos se observaron los siguientes cambios: aumento de la capacidad vesical máxima (p<0,0001) y disminución de la presión del detrusor máxima (p<0,0001). En cuanto al perfil de seguridad, 8 (3,9%) pacientes tuvieron hematuria autolimitada durante el procedimiento, que se resolvió espontáneamente; 9 (4,4%) pacientes tuvieron una retención urinaria aguda que precisó cateterización intermitente. Conclusiones: Este estudio apoya el uso de onabotulinumtoxin A en pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de urgencia que no responden al tratamiento médico

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of a single intravesical injection of onabotulinumtoxinA (OnaBTA) for treating urge urinary incontinence (UUI) in women. Method: We performed a prospective case-series study of consecutive patients with refractory UUI treated with an intravesical injection of OnaBTA. The patients were administered 100 units of OnaBTA injected into the bladder wall following 4 weeks of flushing with anticholinergic agents or beta 3 agonists. The urodynamic and clinical endpoints were evaluated before and 6 months after the injection of OnaBTA. The primary study endpoint was the number of episodes of urinary leakage. Results: A total of 204 of the 210 selected patients conducted a valid visit 6 months after the therapeutic application. At 6 months of treatment with OnaBTA, 110 (53.9%) patients remained continent and were considered a success. However, 57 (27.9%) patients experienced one episode of urinary leakage per day, and 37 (18.2%) had 2 or more. In terms of the urodynamic parameters, we observed the following changes: increase in maximum bladder capacity (P<.0001) and reduced maximum pressure of the detrusor (P<.0001). In terms of the safety profile, 8 (3.9%) patients had self-limiting haematuria during the procedure, which resolved spontaneously, and 9 (4.4%) patients had acute urinary retention that required intermittent catheterisation. Conclusions: This study supports the use of OnabotulinumtoxinA in patients with urge urinary incontinence that does not respond to medical treatment

Recursos y necesidades asistenciales en el tratamiento anticoagulante de los pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. Estudio SAMOA / Healthcare resources and needs in anticoagulant therapy for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. SAMOA Study

Introducción y objetivos. Conocer, en diferentes especialidades médicas, el proceso asistencial del paciente anticoagulado con fibrilación auricular no valvular, así como determinar los recursos disponibles y necesarios e identificar áreas de mejora potenciales en la atención a estos pacientes. Métodos. Se realizó una encuesta transversal a médicos de atención primaria y especializada implicados en la atención al paciente anticoagulado. Los cuestionarios se referían al proceso asistencial, a la indicación y prescripción del tratamiento anticoagulante, y a las barreras y carencias existentes en torno a estos pacientes. Resultados. Un total de 893 médicos participaron en el estudio, de los cuales 437 pertenecían a atención primaria y 456 a atención especializada (mayoritariamente cardiólogos). El 42% de los médicos de familia indicaron que ellos mismos valoraban y prescribían el tratamiento anticoagulante y el 66% realizaban el seguimiento regular de los pacientes. En ambos ámbitos asistenciales los médicos pusieron de manifiesto la ausencia de protocolos estandarizados y se evidenció una falta de control de calidad del tratamiento. Conclusiones. El papel de atención primaria en la gestión de los pacientes anticoagulados ha crecido respecto a informes anteriores. Las respuestas de los médicos participantes sugieren la existencia de notables lagunas en la estandarización del proceso asistencial y de varias áreas de mejora en el seguimiento de estos pacientes. Promover la formación sobre los fármacos anticoagulantes de acción directa sigue siendo fundamental (AU)

Introduction and objectives. To determine, in the various medical specialties, the healthcare process for anticoagulated patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, to determine the available and necessary resources and to identify potential areas of improvement in the care of these patients. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional survey of primary care and specialised physicians involved in the care of anticoagulated patients. The questionnaires referred to the healthcare process, the indication and prescription of anticoagulant therapy and the barriers and deficiencies present for these patients. Results. A total of 893 physicians participated in the study, 437 of whom worked in primary care and 456 of whom were specialists (mostly cardiologists). Forty-two percent of the family doctors indicated that they assessed and prescribed anticoagulant therapy, and 66% performed the regular follow-up of these patients. In both healthcare settings, the physicians noted the lack of standardised protocols. There was also a lack of quality control in the treatment. Conclusions. The role of primary care in managing anticoagulated patients has grown compared with previous reports. The responses of the participating physicians suggest marked gaps in the standardisation of the healthcare process and several areas for improvement in these patients’ follow-up. The promotion of training in direct-acting anticoagulant drugs remains pivotal (AU)

Healthcare resources and needs in anticoagulant therapy for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. SAMOA Study. / Recursos y necesidades asistenciales en el tratamiento anticoagulante de los pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. Estudio SAMOA.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To determine, in the various medical specialties, the healthcare process for anticoagulated patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, to determine the available and necessary resources and to identify potential areas of improvement in the care of these patients. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional survey of primary care and specialised physicians involved in the care of anticoagulated patients. The questionnaires referred to the healthcare process, the indication and prescription of anticoagulant therapy and the barriers and deficiencies present for these patients. RESULTS: A total of 893 physicians participated in the study, 437 of whom worked in primary care and 456 of whom were specialists (mostly cardiologists). Forty-two percent of the family doctors indicated that they assessed and prescribed anticoagulant therapy, and 66% performed the regular follow-up of these patients. In both healthcare settings, the physicians noted the lack of standardised protocols. There was also a lack of quality control in the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The role of primary care in managing anticoagulated patients has grown compared with previous reports. The responses of the participating physicians suggest marked gaps in the standardisation of the healthcare process and several areas for improvement in these patients' follow-up. The promotion of training in direct-acting anticoagulant drugs remains pivotal.

OnabotulinumtoxinA in urinary incontinence: Prospective Study of a Case Series. / Onabotulinumtoxin A en la incontinencia urinaria: estudio prospectivo de serie de casos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of a single intravesical injection of onabotulinumtoxinA (OnaBTA) for treating urge urinary incontinence (UUI) in women. METHOD: We performed a prospective case-series study of consecutive patients with refractory UUI treated with an intravesical injection of OnaBTA. The patients were administered 100 units of OnaBTA injected into the bladder wall following 4 weeks of flushing with anticholinergic agents or beta 3 agonists. The urodynamic and clinical endpoints were evaluated before and 6 months after the injection of OnaBTA. The primary study endpoint was the number of episodes of urinary leakage. RESULTS: A total of 204 of the 210 selected patients conducted a valid visit 6 months after the therapeutic application. At 6 months of treatment with OnaBTA, 110 (53.9%) patients remained continent and were considered a success. However, 57 (27.9%) patients experienced one episode of urinary leakage per day, and 37 (18.2%) had 2 or more. In terms of the urodynamic parameters, we observed the following changes: increase in maximum bladder capacity (P<.0001) and reduced maximum pressure of the detrusor (P<.0001). In terms of the safety profile, 8 (3.9%) patients had self-limiting haematuria during the procedure, which resolved spontaneously, and 9 (4.4%) patients had acute urinary retention that required intermittent catheterisation. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the use of OnabotulinumtoxinA in patients with urge urinary incontinence that does not respond to medical treatment.