Changes in patterns of Early Mother-Child Interaction: A longitudinal study of the first 18 months of life.

OBJECTIVE: The main objective of the present longitudinal study is to describe the progression of early adult-child interactions between the first and second years of life. Changes identified in interactions are described, focusing on both the qualitative aspects of maternal responses, as well as maternal response latency to the child's behavior using a microanalytical methodology that collected data on maternal and child behavior in real-time without losing sight of the temporal dimension. PARTICIPANTS: This study examined 52 mother-child dyads from intact families that presented no psychological, social, or biological risk factors at 6, 12 and 18 months of age. INSTRUMENT: CITMI-R (early mother-child interaction coding system, revised edition) was used to assess early mother-infant interactions during free play sessions between mother and child the. RESULTS: The results indicate that some components of maternal sensitivity improve as children progress towards the second year of life, detecting an increase in sensitive maternal behavior and a decrease in intrusive behavior in the evolutive observed period; moreover, regarding latency of maternal response, we observed that mothers of older children give more time for their children to explore, which stimulates autonomy. Finally, the implication of these results for intervention directed to optimizing early adult-child interactions are addressed.

Las escalas Bayley BSID-I frente a BSID-II como instrumento de evaluación en Atención Temprana / BSID-I Bayley Scales versus BSID-II as an assessment tool in early intervention

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comprobar si las valoraciones del desarrollo mediante la versión de las escalas Bayley del desarrollo infantil (BSID-I, 1977) sobreestiman las capacidades de niños nacidos a término y prematuros, en comparación con las que obtendrían aplicando una versión más reciente de dichas escalas (BSID-II, 1993). 83 niños tomaron parte en este estudio, 68 nacidos a término (39 niños y 29 niñas) y 15 niños (9 niños y 6 niñas) con menos de 36 semanas de gestación y/o menos de 2500 gramos. Cada niño nacido a término fue evaluado en dos edades diferentes (6 y 12 meses de edad cronológica), mientras los niños prematuros fueron evaluados al alcanzar la edad corregida de 6 meses. Los resultados indican que el uso de las escalas BSID-I sobrevalora las capacidades de los niños y sugieren utilizar instrumentos de evaluación más sensibles a los procesos de cambio y desarrollo de los niños (AU)

This study aimed to test whether developmental assessment using the version of the Bayley’s Scales of Infant Development (BSID-I, 1977) overestimated the capabilities of infants born at term and preterm, compared with those obtained by applying a most recent version of these scales (BSID-II, 1993). 83 children participated in this study, 68 term infants (39 boys and 29 girls) and 15 preterm infants (9 boys and 6 girls) with less than 36 weeks gestation and/or less than 2500 grams of weight. The infants born at term were evaluated at two different ages (6 and 12 months of chronological age), while preterm infants were assessed at 6 months of age corrected. The results indicate that the use of scales BSID-I overestimated the abilities of children and suggest using more sensitive assessment tools to the processes of change and development of infants (AU)

Validity of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in a sample of Spanish fathers.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in a sample of 115 fathers of infants aged between ten and thirty-nine months old. The exploratory factor analysis revealed three reasonably distinct factors, as in the original version of the instrument. The three extracted factors: Parental Distress, Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction and Difficult Child accounted for 47.48 % of the variance. The internal consistency coefficients were high in each factor or subscale. These results provided empirical evidence in favour of the reliability and validity of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in Spanish fathers, and can be useful to elucidate the mechanisms through which stress impacts parenting and permitting to develop more targeted interventions for infants and their families.

Validity of the parenting stress index-short form in a sample of Spanish fathers

The purpose of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in a sample of 115 fathers of infants aged between ten and thirty-nine months old. The exploratory factor analysis revealed three reasonably distinct factors, as in the original version of the instrument. The three extracted factors: Parental Distress, Parent-Child Dysfunctional Interaction and Difficult Child accounted for 47.48 % of the variance. The internal consistency coefficients were high in each factor or subscale. These results provided empirical evidence in favour of the reliability and validity of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form in Spanish fathers, and can be useful to elucidate the mechanisms through which stress impacts parenting and permitting to develop more targeted interventions for infants and their families (AU)

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Parenting Stress Index-Short Form en una muestra de 115 varones, padres de niños con edades comprendidas entre 10 y 39 meses de edad. El análisis factorial exploratorio destacótres factores razonablemente distintos, al igual que en la versión original del instrumento. Los tres factores extraídos, denominados Malestar Paterno, Interacción Disfuncional Padres-Hijo y Niño Difícil explicaron el 47.48% de la varianza. Los coeficientes de consistencia interna fueron elevados en cada uno de los factores o subescalas. Estos resultados aportaron evidencia empírica a favor de la fiabilidad y validez del Parenting Stress Index-Short Form en hombres españoles, pudiendo ser útil como instrumento para esclarecer los mecanismos por los que el estrés influye en los padres y para elaborar mejores intervenciones para los niños y sus familias (AU)

[Factor structure and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form]. / Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la versión española del Parenting Stress Index-Short Form.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. After translating the instrument from English into Spanish using the forward-backward translation method, it was administered to a sample of 129 mothers of children aged between 10 and 39 months olds. The exploratory factor analysis identified two factors: Childrearing Stress and Personal Distress, which accounted for 48.77% of the variance. The internal consistency of these factors was high (Childrearing Stress: .90 and Personal Distress: .87). Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Estructura factorial y consistencia interna de la versión española del Parenting Stress Index-Short Form / Factor structure and internal consistency of the Spanish version of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. Después de traducir el instrumento utilizando el procedimiento de traducción (inglés-español) y retrotraducción (español-inglés), se administró a una muestra de 129 madres de niños entre 10 y 39 meses de edad. El análisis factorial exploratorio identificó dos factores: Estrés derivado del Cuidado del Niño y Malestar Personal, que explicaron el 48,77% de la varianza. La consistencia interna de dichos factores fue elevada (Estrés derivado del Cuidado del Niño: 0,90; Malestar Personal: 0,87). Se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos y se dan sugerencias para futuras investigaciones(AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of Parenting Stress Index-Short Form. After translating the instrument from English into Spanish using the forward-backward translation method, it was administered to a sample of 129 mothers of children aged between 10 and 39 months olds. The exploratory factor analysis identified two factors: Childrearing Stress and Personal Distress, which accounted for 48.77% of the variance. The internal consistency of these factors was high (Childrearing Stress: .90 and Personal Distress: .87). Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed(AU)

Influencias de la personalidad materna sobre el estilo conductual infantil: implicaciones para la atención temprana / The influence of maternal personality traits on infant behavioural style: implications for early intervention

El propósito de la presente investigación ha sido estudiar la relación existente entre la personalidad de la madre y las reacciones temperamentales que presenta su hijo ante estímulos físicos y sociales. Para este propósito, empleamos una muestra constituida por 38 bebés y sus respectivas madres. Todos los bebés nacieron a término, sin complicaciones pre ni postnatales y pertenecían a un nivel socioeconómico medio. Las madres cumplimentaron el Cuestionario de Personalidad 16PF de Cattell en el último trimestre de embarazo. A los 9 meses de edad, los bebés fueron sometidos a diferentes situaciones de laboratorio en las que se enfrentaban a personas y objetos con el fin de que exhibieran su tono emocional, nivel de actividad y vocalizaciones. Los resultados indicaron que existía una relación predictiva significativa entre la extroversión materna y el nivel de actividad, tono emocional y vocalizaciones mostradas por sus hijos cuando eran enfrentados a personas y objetos. (AU)