Manejo de la estenosis de uretra anterior del varón. Resultados de una encuesta nacional entre urólogos que ejercen en España / Management of male anterior urethral strictures in adults. Results from a national survey among urologists in Spain

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO: Conocer el manejo de la estenosis uretral (EU) es importante para evaluar la calidad asistencial y planificar acciones formativas. Planteamos investigar prácticas diagnósticas y terapéuticas de los urólogos en España para el manejo de EU anterior del varón adulto. Materiales y MÉTODOS: Realizamos un cuestionario on line de 23 preguntas entre los miembros de la Asociación Española de Urología (AEU). Evaluamos datos demográficos y referentes a la evaluación y tratamiento de EU. Fueron enviadas por correo electrónico 1.737 invitaciones, con un 21,7% de respuestas. La recogida prospectiva fue durante 2016. El análisis descriptivo y las comparaciones univariantes se efectuaron empleando el test de Chi cuadrado. Hubo significación estadística cuando p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Participaron principalmente urólogos de hospitales terciarios y universitarios. El 63,2% tratan ≥10 pacientes/año con EU. La uretrografía retrógrada es la prueba diagnóstica más empleada, seguida de la uroflujometría (UF). La uretrotomía interna bajo visión directa (UIVD) es el tratamiento más común. El 84,4% limita la UIVD a EU ≤ 1,5 cm. El 62,3% realiza ≤ 5 uretroplastias/año. El 75,7% hace uretroplastias anastomóticas y el 68,9% emplea injertos. Existe preferencia por injertar dorsalmente. El 23,9% emplea técnicas non-transecting. La UF es la prueba preferida para el seguimiento. El 88,4% refiere que son necesarias unidades de referencia. En centros terciarios realizan cuestionarios Patient Reported Outcome Measure más frecuentemente que en secundarios. Urólogos con alto volumen de cirugías usan más comúnmente técnicas non-transecting y eligen la uretroplastia como opción de primera línea. CONCLUSIONES: La EU anterior del varón en España es tratada por gran cantidad de urólogos, principalmente mediante endoscopia. La uretrografía retrógrada se prefiere para el diagnóstico y la UF para el seguimiento. Un elevado porcentaje de urólogos realiza uretroplastia, mayoritariamente anastomótica, pero con bajo número de casos

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Assessment of urethral stricture (US) management seems important to evaluate the quality of attention and plan educational INTERVENTIONS: We aim to investigate the practice patterns on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to adult male anterior US among urologists in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23-question on-line survey conducted among all members of AEU (Spanish Urological Association). Demography data and practices on evaluation and treatment of US were included.1737 invitation letters sent by email, with 21.7% response rate. Data were prospectively collected during 2016. Descriptive analysis and univariate comparisons conducted using X2 test. Statistical significance considered when P ≤ .05. RESULTS: Responders were mainly from Tertiary and Teaching University Hospitals.63.2% treated ≥ 10 patients/year with US. Retrograde urethrogram (RUG) was the commonest diagnostic tool followed by uroflowmetry (UF), and internal urethrotomy under direct vision (DVIU) the most frequent treatment.84.4% limited DVIU for US ≤ 1.5 cm.62.3% performed ≤ 5 urethroplasties/year. Anastomotic urethroplasties were performed by 75.7% and graft repairs by 68.9%. Dorsal grafting was preferred rather than ventral. Non-transecting techniques were used by 23.9%. UF was the most common follow-up tool.88.4% felt that referral units were required. Tertiary hospitals used Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) questionnaires more frequently than secondary centres. High-volume urologists were more likely to use non-transecting techniques and to choose urethroplasty as first choice procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Male anterior US in Spain are treated by many urologists, mainly using endoscopic procedures. RUG is preferred for diagnosis, and UF for follow-up. A high percentage of urologists perform urethroplasties, mainly anastomotic repairs, but in low volumen

Management of male anterior urethral strictures in adults. Results from a national survey among urologists in Spain. / Manejo de la estenosis de uretra anterior del varón. Resultados de una encuesta nacional entre urólogos que ejercen en España.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Assessment of urethral stricture (US) management seems important to evaluate the quality of attention and plan educational interventions. We aim to investigate the practice patterns on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to adult male anterior US among urologists in Spain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23-question on-line survey conducted among all members of AEU (Spanish Urological Association). Demography data and practices on evaluation and treatment of US were included. 1737 invitation letters sent by email, with 21.7% response rate. Data were prospectively collected during 2016. Descriptive analysis and univariate comparisons conducted using X2 test. Statistical significance considered when P≤.05. RESULTS: Responders were mainly from Tertiary and Teaching University Hospitals. 63.2% treated≥10 patients/year with US. Retrograde urethrogram (RUG) was the commonest diagnostic tool followed by uroflowmetry (UF), and internal urethrotomy under direct vision (DVIU) the most frequent treatment. 84.4% limited DVIU for US≤1.5cm. 62.3% performed≤5 urethroplasties/year. Anastomotic urethroplasties were performed by 75.7% and graft repairs by 68.9%. Dorsal grafting was preferred rather than ventral. Non-transecting techniques were used by 23.9%. UF was the most common follow-up tool. 88.4% felt that referral units were required. Tertiary hospitals used Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) questionnaires more frequently than secondary centres. High-volume urologists were more likely to use non-transecting techniques and to choose urethroplasty as first choice procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Male anterior US in Spain are treated by many urologists, mainly using endoscopic procedures. RUG is preferred for diagnosis, and UF for follow-up. A high percentage of urologists perform urethroplasties, mainly anastomotic repairs, but in low volume.

Indicación de cistectomía precoz en el cáncer vesical no músculo infiltrante. Revisión de la literatura / Indication for early cystectomy in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Literature review

Contexto: El cáncer vesical no músculo infiltrante de alto riesgo es una enfermedad que integra un grupo heterogéneo de pacientes, en los que se recomienda un seguimiento estrecho debido al riesgo de progresión a tumor músculo infiltrante. El tratamiento de elección de estos tumores es la resección transuretral de vejiga seguido de un programa de instilaciones con BCG. Existe un subgrupo de pacientes que tiene un mayor riesgo de progresión, y que se benefician de un tratamiento radical de inicio. Objetivo: Identificar qué grupo de pacientes con cáncer vesical no músculo infiltrante se benefician de un tratamiento radical precoz. Búsqueda de la evidencia: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica para identificar los factores de riesgo de progresión de estos pacientes, y así poder recomendar un tratamiento que mejore su tasa de supervivencia. Síntesis de la evidencia: Se identificaron los diferentes factores pronósticos asociados a progresión tumoral: la persistencia de tumor T1 en la re-resección transuretral de vejiga, la presencia de carcinoma in situ, refractariedad al tratamiento con BCG, los mayores de 70 años, los tumores mayores 3cm, la subestadificación de los tumores T1, la presencia de invasión linfovascular y la presencia de tumor en la uretra prostática. Igualmente se comentan las ventajas del tratamiento radical frente al conservador, apreciando que la realización de una cistectomía precoz por un tumor vesical no infiltrante de alto riesgo tiene un mejor pronóstico oncológico en comparación con aquellos en los cuales se difiere la realización de la misma hasta la progresión. Conclusiones: En esta enfermedad es importante individualizar a los pacientes, para así ofrecerles un tratamiento personalizado. En pacientes con las características mencionadas previamente se recomienda no demorar la cistectomía precoz

Context: High-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer is a disease that includes a heterogeneous group of patients, for whom close follow-up is recommended due to the risk of progression to a muscle-invasive tumour. The treatment of choice for these tumours is transurethral resection of the bladder tumour followed by a programme of bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations. There is a subgroup of patients who have a greater risk of progression and who benefit from early radical treatment. Objective: To identify which patient group with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer will benefit from early radical treatment. Searching the evidence: We performed a literature review to identify the risk factors for progression for these patients and thereby recommend a treatment that improves their survival rate. Synthesis of the evidence: We identified the various prognostic factors associated with tumour progression: the persistence of T1 tumour in re-resection of the bladder tumour, the presence of carcinoma in situ, patients refractory to bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment, patients older than 70 years, tumours larger than 3 cm, the substaging of T1 tumours, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and the presence of a tumour in the prostatic urethra. Similarly, we comment on the advantages of radical versus conservative treatment, considering that the performance of an early cystectomy due to a high-risk noninvasive vesical tumour has a better cancer prognosis than those in which the operation is deferred until the progression. Conclusions: In this disease, it is important to individualise the patients to provide them personalized treatment. For patients with the previously mentioned characteristics, it is recommended that early cystectomy not be delayed

Indication for early cystectomy in nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer. Literature review. / Indicación de cistectomía precoz en el cáncer vesical no músculo infiltrante. Revisión de la literatura.

CONTEXT: High-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer is a disease that includes a heterogeneous group of patients, for whom close follow-up is recommended due to the risk of progression to a muscle-invasive tumour. The treatment of choice for these tumours is transurethral resection of the bladder tumour followed by a programme of bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations. There is a subgroup of patients who have a greater risk of progression and who benefit from early radical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To identify which patient group with nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer will benefit from early radical treatment. SEARCHING THE EVIDENCE: We performed a literature review to identify the risk factors for progression for these patients and thereby recommend a treatment that improves their survival rate. SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE: We identified the various prognostic factors associated with tumour progression: the persistence of T1 tumour in re-resection of the bladder tumour, the presence of carcinoma in situ, patients refractory to bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment, patients older than 70 years, tumours larger than 3cm, the substaging of T1 tumours, the presence of lymphovascular invasion and the presence of a tumour in the prostatic urethra. Similarly, we comment on the advantages of radical versus conservative treatment, considering that the performance of an early cystectomy due to a high-risk noninvasive vesical tumour has a better cancer prognosis than those in which the operation is deferred until the progression. CONCLUSIONS: In this disease, it is important to individualise the patients to provide them personalized treatment. For patients with the previously mentioned characteristics, it is recommended that early cystectomy not be delayed.

[Diagnosis of urethral stenosis and follow-up after Urethroplasty]. / Diagnóstico de las estenosis uretrales y seguimiento después de Uretroplastia.

This article presents a review of the different tests used for the evaluation and follow-up of urethral strictures. Because there is no consensus on how to assess urethral pathology, we reviewed each of the next follow-up tests: questionnaires, uroflowmetry, ultrasound, urethroscopy, urethrogram, CT scan and MRI, outlining their benefits and limitations in the diagnosis and follow-up of urethral stricture. Urethrogram and urethroscopy are the most commonly used tests, as they are those that give us more information on the evaluation of stenosis and for surgery planning. Questionnaires and uroflowmetry play a key role in the follow-up of these patients. Ultrasonography has high sensitivity and specificity for evaluating the spongiofibrosis, however it is not done routinely. The CT/MRI is recommended in the evaluation of pelvic trauma associated with fractures.

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy

Open radical cystectomy with lymph node dissection remains the gold standard treatment for recurrent, high-grade, non-muscle-invasive and for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The excellent perioperative and long-term results provided by laparoscopic surgery and the advances in instrumentation design have naturally paved the way for development of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC). In this review, surgical and long-term oncological outcomes of LRC are analysed. The advantages of this technique compared with open surgery are described. The differences between pure laparoscopic technique or laparoscopic cystectomy and extracorporeal urinary diversion have also been analysed (AU)

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[Laparoscopic augmentation enterocystoplasty: initial experience]. / Enterocistoplastia de ampliación laparoscópica: experiencia inicial.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the initial experience of our group in the realization of the augmentation enterocystoplasty by laparoscopyc approach. METHODS AND PATIENTS: We describe the augmentation enterocystoplasty technique with ileal segment completely achieved by laparoscopyc approach. We present the cases of two patients suffering from hyperreflexic bladder refractory to medical treatment who underwent this surgery. In both cases the technique was realized without intraoperative complications although it was needed a surgical time of 6 and 4.5 hours respectively. The results after 12 and 5 months were satisfactory in both patients, obtaining a low pressure bladder with a good continence. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopyc augmentation enterocystoplasty is a complicated technique that requires a great experience, mainly in laparoscopyc suture. It reproduces completely the open surgery and it offers all the advantages inherent to the laparoscopyc surgery.

Enterocistoplastia de ampliación laparoscópica: experiencia inicial / Laparoscopic augmentation enterocystoplasty: inicial experience

Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia inicial de nuestro grupo en la realización de enterocistoplastia de ampliación por vía laparoscópica. Pacientes y métodos: Describimos la técnica de enterocistoplastia de ampliación con segmento ileal realizada completamente mediante abordaje laparoscópico. Presentamos los casos de dos pacientes diagnosticados de vejiga hiperrefléxica refractaria a tratamiento médico que fueron sometidos a esta intervención. En ambos casos la técnica se realizó sin complicaciones intraoperatorias, aunque requirió un tiempo quirúrgico de 6 y 4,5 horas respectivamente. Los resultados con un seguimiento de 12 y 6 meses fueron satisfactorios en ambos, consiguiendo una vejiga de baja presión con una buena continencia. Conclusiones: La enterocistoplastia de ampliación laparoscópica es una técnica compleja, que requiere una amplia experiencia, sobre todo en sutura laparoscópica. Reproduce absolutamente a la técnica abierta y aporta las ventajas inherentes al abordaje laparoscópico

Objective: To analyze the initial experience of our group in the realization of the augmentation enterocystoplasty by laparoscopyc approach. Methods and patients: We describe the augmentation enterocystoplasty technique with ileal segment completely achieved by laparoscopyc approach. We present the cases of two patients suffering from hyperreflexic bladder refractory to medical treatment who underwent this surgery. In both cases the technique was realized without intraoperative complications although it was needed a surgical time of 6 and 4,5 hours respectively. The results after 12 and 5 months were satisfactory in both patients, obtaining a low pressure bladder with a good continence. Conclusions: Laparoscopyc augmentation enterocystoplasty is a complicated technique that requires a great experience, mainly in laparoscopyc suture. It reproduces completely the open surgery and it offers all the advantages inherent to the laparoscopyc surgery

[Development of a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy program in an university center]. / Implantación de un programa de prostatectomía radical laparoscópica.

The aim of this article is to report our experience in setting up a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy programme. We believe that knowledge of the difficulties we faced at the start will be useful for those who wish to implement a programme like ours. We hope that by explaining the steps we took as well as our conclusions and recommendations this difficult task can be made easier.

[Analysis of a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy program with 544 cases]. / Prostatectomía radical laparoscópica. Revisión de la literatura. Nuestra experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: This article reviews the latest publications that refer to Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (LRP) up to 2005, and describes our series of patients for this type of surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After a search of the Internet and consulting journals of renowned prestige, we selected articles that refer to this technique and we summarise the latest developments in LRP. We also present our series of patients. RESULTS: In view of the good oncologic and functional results obtained with LRP, and the possibility of performing hernioplasty as in open surgery, this technique provides a high quality service for patients. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the advances in the safety and quality of this technique, such as the use of robots, 3 CCD cameras, and the surgeon's experience, LRP should be offered to our patients, if it is within our means.

Implantación de un programa de prostatectomía radical laparoscópica / Develop of a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy program in an university center

En el deseo de éste artículo, está expresar nuestra experiencia a la hora de poner en práctica un programa de prostatectomía radical laparoscópica. Pensamos que puede ser interesante, de cara a implantar un programa de éste tipo, conocer cuáles fueron nuestras dificultades al inicio. Esperamos que en la medida de lo posible, podamos facilitar ésta difícil tarea, explicando qué pasos hemos seguido y cuáles son nuestras conclusiones y recomendaciones

The aim of this article is to report our experience in setting up a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy programme. We believe that knowledge of the difficulties we faced at the start will be useful for those who wish to implement a programme like ours. We hope that by explaining the steps we took as well as our conclusions and recommendations this difficult task can be made easier

Prostatectomía radical laparoscópica. Revisión de la literatura. Nuestra experiencia / Analysis of a laparoscopic radical prostatectomy program with 544 cases

Introducción: En éste trabajo, hemos revisado las últimas publicaciones que hacen referencia a la Prostatectomía Radical Laparoscópica (PRL) hasta el 2005 y describimos nuestra serie en éste tipo de cirugía. Material y Métodos: Tras realizar una búsqueda en Internet, consultando revistas de reconocido prestigio, hemos seleccionado los artículos que hacen referencia a ésta técnica, resumiendo la actualidad de la PRL. Además, presentamos nuestra serie. Resultados: Los buenos resultados oncológicos y funcionales obtenidos con la PRL, y la posibilidad de realizar hernioplastias al igual que en cirugía abierta, hacen de la técnica, un servicio de calidad para el paciente. Conclusiones: Los avances de la técnica, como la utilización de la robótica, cámaras de 3 CCD y la experiencia del cirujano, hacen de la PRL una técnica segura y de calidad, lo que nos obliga, en la medida de nuestras posibilidades, a ofrecerla al paciente

Introduction: This article reviews the latest publications that refer to Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (LRP) up to 2005, and describes our series of patients for this type of surgery. Materials and methods: After a search of the Internet and consulting journals of renowned prestige, we selected articles that refer to this technique and we summarise the latest developments in LRP. We also present our series of patients. Results: In view of the good oncologic and functional results obtained with LRP, and the possibility of performing hernioplasty as in open surgery, this technique provides a high quality service for patients. Conclusions: Due to the advances in the safety and quality of this technique, such as the use of robots, 3 CCD cameras, and the surgeon’s experience, LRP should be offered to our patients, if it is within our means

Uso de gel de lidocaína intrarectal en las biopsias transrectales ecodirigidasde próstata / The use of transrectal lidocaine in transrectal biopsies of the prostate

OBJETIVO: Valoramos de una manera cuantitativa el grado de molestias y dolor de las biopsias y evaluamos la eficacia del gel de lidocaína intrarectal. MÉTODO: Realizamos un total de 140 biopsias transrectales de próstata ecodirigidas (BTPE) por sospecha de adenocarcinoma prostático. Los pacientes fueron incluidos de forma aleatoria y homogénea en dos brazos, uno recibió gel de lidocaína, 20 mg (Xylocaina®), intrarectal (grupo 1, n = 71) y el otro placebo, lubricante sin anestesia, (grupo 2, n = 28), diez minutos antes del procedimiento. RESULTADOS: La mediana global de dolor fue de 3,7 (0 no dolor y 10 máximo de dolor) y de molestias de 3,5. Los pacientes del grupo 1 (Xylocaína®) mostraron una tendencia a presentar menos dolor y molestias aunque no alcanzó el grado de significación deseado (p = 0,7 y p = 0,5, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: En nuestro medio no obtenemos los resultados descritos por otros grupos en cuanto a la disminución del dolor con el uso de gel intrarectal de anestesia tópica. No hemos encontrado diferencias significativas en cuanto a nivel de PSA, biopsias previas realizadas, uso del gel de lidocaína y grado de información recibida que afecten al grado de molestias y dolor (AU)

[The prostate cancer in the community of Madrid in 2000 I.- Incidence]. / El cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2000. I--Incidencia.

OBJECTIVE: To know the incidence in the year 2000 of prostate cancer in the Autonomous Community of Madrid and its breakdown by Health Areas. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Study of histologically confirmed prostate cancer case reports and retrospective data acquisition for 2000 in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, both from Public and Private Health Care hospitals. RESULTS: Gross incidence of prostate cancer in the Autonomous Community of Madrid was 100.4 cases per 100,000 males. The incidence adjusted for the Spanish, European and Worldwide population was 120.1, 103.5 and 68.6 cases per 100,000 males, respectively. Mean age at diagnosis was 70 +/- 7.8 (40-94) years, median of 70 years. The age group with higher incidence was 70 to 79 years. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of prostate cancer in the Autonomous Community of Madrid is lower than that in the US but higher than in most countries or regions in the EU. The different way of using PSA testing in the Health Areas of the Autonomous Community may explain the differences seen in terms of incidence by Area.

[The prostate cancer in the community of Madrid in 2000. II Presentation and diagnosis]. / El cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2000. II--Presentación y diagnóstico.

OBJECTIVE: To know the presentation form, diagnostic method and clinical stage at the time of diagnosis in subjects with prostate cancer (PC) in the Autonomous Community of Madrid in 2000. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Data from 1745 patients with histologically confirmed prostate cancer obtained from 15 Hospitals participating in the study was analysed. The variables studied were: associated disease, reason for visiting the hospital, digital rectal examination (DRE), PSA, diagnostic method, graded Gleason score, tests performed in the tumoral extension study and tumour staging. The qualitative variables are given in percentages of the overall number and the quantitative variables are expressed as the median, standard deviation, maximum and minimum values and 25%, 50% (median) and 75% percentiles. RESULTS: 67% cases had an associated disease. In most (75%) patients the reason for visiting the hospital was prostatic syndrome. DRE revealed that 42.7% has no tumour. At the time of diagnosis half the patients had PSA levels lower than or equal to 11 ng/ml. Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy was used for diagnosis in 93% subjects. The most commonly reported Gleason scores were 6 (31.3%) and 7 (28.7%). In 75% subjects the disease was considered to be clinically limited to the prostate, in 12.5% locally advanced and in 12.5% metastatic. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients came to the hospital because of symptoms not related to PC. Transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy is confirmed as the choice technique for PC diagnosis. When a comparison is made to historical series in our Autonomous Community a pattern of earlier diagnosis can be seen.

[Prostate cancer in the Community of Madrid in the year 2000. III. Study of tumor extent]. / El cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2000. III--Estudio de extensión tumoral.

OBJECTIVE: To identify a potential relationship between two variables, risk of metastasis and use of imaging techniques, in an extension study in prostate cancer patients diagnosed in the Autonomous Community of Madrid in 2000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1,127 patients with available data on the tumour extension study were analysed. Performance and non performance of bone scans and CTs were correlated to risk variables for developing metastasis as described in the literature (PSA, Gleason and stage) and to therapy administered. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with risk variables for metastasis when bone scans were performed was between 7% to 14% greater than in patients with no variables. No differences were seen for CTs based on risk variables. With matching risk variables, more imaging techniques were used in patients receiving radiotherapy that in those managed with prostatectomy. CONCLUSION: Based on current recommendations imaging techniques were used in excess in the extension study in patients with no risk variables for metastasis. Conduct of a further study in the Autonomous Community seems advisable to confirm the likelihood of implementing such recommendations considering our prevalence of metastatic disease.

[Prostate cancer in the Community of Madrid in the year 2000. IV. Treatment]. / El cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2000. IV Tratamiento.

OBJECTIVE: To know the therapeutic options used in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Autonomous Community of Madrid in 2000. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 1,745 patients referred by hospitals taking part in the study. Data on treatment used was available for 1,104 (63%) patients. Treatment modality was correlated to clinical stage and patient age. RESULTS: Most frequent choice was hormone therapy (35%) followed by radical prostatectomy (34%) and radiotherapy (25%). Prostatectomy was most commonly used in patients with localised (42.3%) disease while hormone therapy was preferred for locally advanced (45.6%) or disseminated (94%) disease. There are significant differences in therapeutic indications between the various Health areas participating in the survey. Median age of patients with localised and locally advanced disease was lower in patients managed with prostatectomy (65 and 64 years, respectively) than in those managed with radiotherapy (70 and 69 years, respectively). CONCLUSION: The therapeutic modality indicated by urologists in the Madrid Autonomous Community for managing patients with prostate cancer generally meets with literature recommendations.

El cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2000. IV Tratamiento / Prostate cancer in the autonomous community of Madrid in 2000. IV.- Management

Clásicamente ha existido gran controversia entre el psoriasis pustuloso generalizado del embarazo y el impetigo herpetiforme. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 34 años que en su segunda gestación desarrolla un cuadro compatible con psoriasis pustuloso generalizado del embarazo. Comentamos su evolución, características diferenciales y las diferentes opciones terapéuticas disponibles OBJETIVO: Conocer el tratamiento aplicado en los pacientes con cáncer de próstata diagnosticados en la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2000. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: El estudio se realizó sobre los 1.745 pacientes remitidos por los Hospitales participantes en el estudio. En 1.104 (63 por ciento) de los casos existían datos sobre el tratamiento aplicado. Se comparó la modalidad de tratamiento con el estadio clínico y la edad de los pacientes. RESULTADOS: El tratamiento más utilizado fue la hormonoterapia (35 por ciento) seguido de la prostatectomía radical (34 por ciento) y la radioterapia (25 por ciento). En los pacientes con enfermedad localizada la prostatectomía fue el tratamiento más utilizado (42,3 por ciento) y la hormonoterapia cuando la enfermedad estaba localmente avanzada (45,6 por ciento) o diseminada (94 por ciento). Existen diferencias importantes en la indicación terapéutica entre las distintas Áreas Sanitarias participantes. La mediana de edad de los pacientes con enfermedad localizada y localmente avanzada fue más baja en los tratados con prostatectomía (65 y 64 años respectivamente) que los tratados mediante radioterapia (70 y 69 años respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento indicado por los Urólogos de la Comunidad de Madrid en los pacientes con cáncer de próstata cumple, en líneas generales, las recomendaciones de la literatura (AU)

El cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2000.III.- Estudio de extensión tumoral / Prostate cancer in the autonomous community of Madrid in 2000. III.- Tumour extension study

OBJETIVO: Conocer si existe relación entre las variables de riesgo de metástasis y la utilización de las pruebas de imagen en el estudio de extensión de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata diagnosticados en la Comunidad de Madrid en el año 2000. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se analizaron 1.127 pacientes en los que se conocían los datos sobre el estudio de extensión tumoral. Se relacionó la realización o no de gammagrafía ósea y tomografía computarizada con las variables de riesgo de presentar metástasis descritas en la literatura (PSA, Gleason y estadio) y con el tratamiento aplicado. RESULTADOS: El porcentaje de pacientes con variables de riesgo de metástasis en los que se realizó gammagrafía ósea fue superior entre un 7 por ciento y 14 por ciento que los que no las presentaban. No existió diferencias en la realización de tomografía computarizada en función de las variables de riesgo. En los pacientes tratados con radioterapia se realizaron más pruebas de imagen en igualdad de variables de riesgo que en los tratados mediante prostatectomía. CONCLUSIÓN: Según las recomendaciones de la literatura se utilizaron un excesivo número de pruebas de imagen en el estudio de extensión en los pacientes sin variables de riesgo de metástasis. Sería conveniente la realización de un estudio a nivel de nuestra Comunidad para comprobar si con nuestra prevalencia de enfermedad metastásica es posible aplicar dichas recomendaciones (AU)

El cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad del Madrid en el año 2000, I - Incidencia / The prostate cancer in the Community of Madrid in 2000. I - Incidence

OBJETIVO: Conocer la incidencia del cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid y en sus distintas Áreas Sanitarias en el año 2000.MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio de casos incidentes con confirmación histológica de cáncer de próstata y con recogida de datos retrospectiva en la Comunidad de Madrid durante el año 2000, tanto en la Sanidad Pública como en la Privada. RESULTADOS: La incidencia bruta del cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid fue de 100,4 casos por 100.000 hombres. La incidencia ajustada a la población española, europea y mundial fue de 120,1, 103,5 y 68,6 casos por 100.000 hombres respectivamente. La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 70 ñ 7,8 (40-94) años con una mediana de 70 años. El tramo etario con una incidencia más elevada se situó entre los 70 y los 79 años. CONCLUSIONES: La incidencia del cáncer de próstata en la Comunidad de Madrid es más baja que en USA, pero más elevada que en la inmensa mayoría de los países o regiones de Europa. El diferente uso del PSA en las distintas Áreas Sanitarias de la Comunidad podría justificar las diferencias observadas en la incidencia por Área (AU)