Suicide Interventions in Spain and Japan: A Comparative Systematic Review.

(1) Background: This systematic review presents an overview of psychological interventions in suicide published between 2013 and 2023 in Spain and Japan, sparked by Spain's alarming recent increase in suicide rates and the potential exemplar of Japan's reduction efforts. (2) Methods: Following the PRISMA checklist, the databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and PsycInfo were searched using the terms [("suicide" OR "suicidal behavior" OR "suicidal attempt" OR "suicidal thought" OR "suicidal intention") AND ("prevention" OR "intervention" OR "psychosocial treatment" OR "Dialectical Behavior Therapy" OR "Cognitive Therapy" OR "psychotherap*")] AND [("Spain" OR "Spanish") OR ("Japan" OR "Japanese")]. We included articles published in peer-reviewed academic journals, written in English, Spanish, and Japanese between 2013 and 2023 that presented, designed, implemented, or assessed psychological interventions focused on suicidal behavior. (3) Results: 46 studies were included, concerning prevention, treatment, and training interventions. The risk of bias was low in both Spanish and Japanese studies, despite the lack of randomization of the samples. We identified common characteristics, such as psychoeducation and coping skills. Assertive case management was only highlighted in Japan, making an emphasis on active patient involvement in his/her care plan. (4) Conclusions: The findings will help professionals to incorporate into their interventions broader, more comprehensive approaches to consider more interpersonal components.

Method-specific suicide trends from 1979 to 2016 among Japanese adolescents.

BACKGROUND: In 2015 the Japanese government set a target of a 30% reduction in the total suicide rate by 2025, but deaths among adolescents have been rising since. In 2018 the overall suicide rate increased by 33% among Japanese students, as a part of a continued trend of rising suicide among adolescents. This study analysed the trends in method-specific suicide among Japanese adolescents from 1979 to 2016. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data obtained from the vital statistics registration of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare Japan. Poisson regression analysis was performed among 10-20-year-olds separately by sex, with year, age category, suicide method and a 1998 step variable as covariates. RESULTS: There was a sharp increase in suicide rates among boys (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR), 1.68; 95% CI, 1.58-1.77) and girls (IRR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.56-1.84) aged 10-20 years in 1998 when the overall suicide rate in Japan was at its peak. The commonly used method of suicide, hanging, has increased rapidly among high school and university-level aged adolescents since 1998. LIMITATIONS: The computed mortality rates may have been affected by the shift in mortality coding from ICD-9 to ICD-10 in 1995. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide among adolescents has been rising since the early 1990s. Several cultural factors such as notoriety of internet suicide and detergent suicide could have influenced the increase in suicide among adolescents. There is an urgent need to address suicide by hanging and gas among high school and university-aged adolescents.

Variables implicadas en la transmisión intergeneracional del estilo de apego: una revisión sistemática / Variables involved in the intergenerational transmission of attachment style: a systematic review

El interés por estudiar la transmisión intergeneracional del apego ha estado motivado por su influencia en el desarrollo emocional y conductual delindividuo y en las capacidades para establecer vínculos estables. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es la revisión de la literatura para identificar losavances recientes respecto a las variables implicadas en la transmisión intergeneracional del apego. Se realizó una revisión sistemática que abarcadesde 2013 a 2020. Se identificaron 23 trabajos de investigación que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Se encontró que variablestales como la figura materna, el procesamiento emocional de los eventos vitales y el apoyo social son claves para la transmisión del apego seguro. Enla transmisión del apego inseguro, destacan el abuso, maltrato o negligencia, así como la sintomatología clínica de los cuidadores. Nuevas estrategiasde evaluación son necesarias para formular un modelo explicativo integral que englobe aspectos biológicos, psicológicos y sociales. (AU)

The interest in studying the intergenerationaltransmission of attachment has been motivated by its influence on the emotional and behavioral development of the individual and on the capacitiesto establish stable bonds. The main objective of this study is a literature review to identify recent advances regarding the variables involved in theintergenerational transmission of attachment. A systematic review spanning from 2013 to 2020 was conducted. 23 research papers were identifiedthat met the established inclusion criteria. It was found that variables such as maternal figure, life events’ emotional processing and social supportwere key to the transmission of secure attachment. In the transmission of insecure attachment, abuse, mistreatment or neglect stand out, as wellas the clinical symptoms of the caregivers. New evaluation strategies are necessary to formulate a comprehensive explanatory model that includesbiological, psychological and social aspects. (AU)

Method-Specific Suicide Mortality Trends in Australian Men from 1978 to 2017.

In 2017 Australia saw the highest overall suicide rate in the past 10 years, with male suicide rates three times higher than in women. Since the mid-1980s there have been major changes in suicide epidemiology in Australia with large shifts in method of suicide among both men and women. This study examined method-specific suicide trends in Australian men over the past 40 years by state. Suicide mortality data for the period 1978 to 2017 was obtained from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) National Mortality Database and log-linear Poisson regression analysis was used to analyse suicide mortality. This study found large differences between states in patterns and trends in suicide mortality from 1978 to 2017. Hanging, gas and firearms were the most common methods of suicide in Australia. We found statistically significant increasing trends in hanging suicide among men in all six states. The study findings highlight the growing concern of hanging-related suicide in all states in Australia since the late 1970s. New suicide prevention strategies focusing on the ubiquity and ease of hanging as a method will be needed in order for Australia to reduce suicide mortality in future.