Mechanic-Mathematical Model of Javelin Flight / Modelación mecánico-matemática del vuelo de la jabalina

With a view to improving the athlete's performance during the javelin throw, the objective was to develop, based on the application of Newtonian mechanics to the javelin flight process, a mathematical model and a computerized tool that make it possible to determine the influence on javelin flight trajectory and distance of the characteristic parameters of throwing release phase. As a result, a mathematical model and software were obtained that make it possible to predict the trajectory and flight distance of the implement in function of the properties of the javelin and ambient air, gravitational forces and initial throwing parameters. The model was validated by comparing the flight distance predicted by the model with experimental results obtained in the framework of this research, as well as with data obtained from international competitions. The mean prediction error obtained during the comparison of the javelin flight distance calculated with the model, with the actual throwing results, ranged from 0.65% to 1.58%. (AU)

Con vistas al perfeccionamiento del desempeño del atleta durante el lanzamiento de la jabalina, se trazó como objetivo elaborar, sobre la base de la aplicación de la mecánica newtoniana al proceso de vuelo de la jabalina, un modelo matemático y una herramienta computarizada que posibiliten determinar la influencia sobre la trayectoria de vuelo y alcance de la jabalina de los parámetros del lanzamiento en la fase de liberación del implemento. Como resultado se obtienen un modelo matemático y un software que posibilitan predecir el alcance del implemento en función de las propiedades de la jabalina y del aire ambiente, así como de las fuerzas gravitacionales y de los parámetros iniciales del lanzamiento. El modelo fue validado comparando la predicción con resultados experimentales obtenidos en el marco de esta investigación, así como con datos obtenidos de competencias internacionales. El error medio de predicción del alcance de la jabalina, osciló, para diferentes parámetros iniciales, entre 0,65% y 1,58%. (AU)

Análisis de la situación de la fisioterapia en los centros educativos en España / Analysis of the situation of School-based Physiotherapy Services in Spain

Antecedentes y objetivo: El alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales puede necesitar el apoyo específico y especializado de fisioterapia, con el fin de facilitar el desarrollo de su máximo potencial y ayudar en su inclusión educativa. La información acerca de la implementación de la fisioterapia en los centros educativos en el territorio español es muy escasa. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la situación de la fisioterapia en los centros educativos y compararla entre las diferentes comunidades autónomas. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal a través de la elaboración de una encuesta online, diseñada junto a un panel de expertos a través del método Delphi. Se incluyeron seis bloques temáticos relacionados con la atención de fisioterapia, las condiciones laborales de los fisioterapeutas en los centros educativos y con la cobertura de las necesidades del alumnado. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 178 respuestas. Su distribución geográfica fue homogénea, aunque se detectaron grandes diferencias entre las comunidades autónomas. La mayoría de las personas encuestadas trabajan en centros de educación especial y existen comunidades autónomas en las que no se trabaja en centros ordinarios. Solo el 28,4% contestaron que la figura del fisioterapeuta está integrada en los equipos de orientación educativa de su comunidad autónoma y tienen la función de determinar la necesidad del recurso. Conclusiones: El desarrollo del trabajo de fisioterapia en los centros educativos como apoyo al alumnado con necesidades educativas especiales es desigual entre las comunidades autónomas, y en algunas, se considera insuficiente.

Background and objective: Students with special educational needs may need the specific and specialized support of Physiotherapy in order to facilitate the development of their maximum potential and help in their educational inclusion. The information about school-based Physical Therapy development in Spain is very scarce. The objective of this study is to describe the situation of physiotherapy in educational centers and compare it among the different autonomous communities. Materials and methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out through the elaboration of an online survey, designed together with a panel of experts using the Delphi method. Six thematic blocks were included related to the provision of the physiotherapy service, working conditions and the coverage of the students’ needs. Results: 178 responses were obtained. Their geographical distribution was homogeneous, although large differences were detected among the autonomous communities. Most of the participants work in special education centers and there are autonomous communities in which physical therapists do not work in ordinary centers. Only 28.4% answered that the physiotherapist is integrated into the educational orientation teams of their autonomous community and has the function of determining the need for the resource. Conclusions: School-based Physiotherapy services to support students with special educational needs is unequal among the autonomous communities, and in some of them it is considered insufficient.

'Green', rammed earth check dams: A proposal to restore gullies under low rainfall erosivity and runoff conditions.

Gully restoration check dams are usually made with construction materials and have a permanent impact on the landscape. Although earthen dams have not been used to restore gullies, they have been used around the world for water reservoirs and to control flooding. Here, we propose 'green', rammed earth check dams as a better environmental solution to restore gullies and integrate check dams in the natural landscape. This new design of earthen dam aimed at achieving a reduction in construction volume, as we propose a straight profile for the earthen wall upstream and an impervious core made of rammed earth wall. Moreover, the sloping, revegetated profile downstream enables integrating the check dam into the landscape, while the rammed earth wall allows the use of traditional materials and construction methods better adapted to the natural environment. We also present the design process, calculating its stability versus overturning, sliding and ground resistance for its weight. In addition, we compare the construction costs and carbon footprint of the rammed earth check dam with those of other frequently used check dams, such as concrete or gabion check dams. It shows that although rammed earth check dams may have a greater cost (>21%), they also have a sink effect of 23,639.36 kg CO2 due to the vegetation cover on the downstream embankment. This work shows their feasibility in gullied areas and ravines of fine textured soils under low runoff and rainfall erosivity conditions.

Could low fat mediterranean diet improves competitive anxiety in young sailors?: cross-sectional study according to the STROBE statement / ¿Puede la dieta mediterránea, baja en grasas, mejorar la ansiedad competitiva en regatistas jóvenes?: Estudio transversal según el manifiesto STROBE / ¿Pode a dieta mediterrânea, baixa em grassas, melhorar a ansiedade competitiva em regatistas jovens ?: Estúdio transversal como o mani esto STROBE

In dinghy sailing, there are many factors all of which affect to sailor performance: experience, training, nutrition and psychological condition. The main aim of this report was to know sailor's anxiety levels according to eating habits, nutritional condition, training, experience and type of vessel. 77 Laser (4.7 and Radial) and 470 sailors filled up CSAI-2 and PREDIMED questionnaires to determine competitive state anxiety and low fat diet adherence. They showed higher BMI the sailors with higher low fat diet adherence, higher experience, higher ranking position and Radial's sailors. Under-16 sailors showed less competitive anxiety. Overweight sailor got less cognitive anxiety. Sailors who trained more times per week got best results. Sailors with higher BMI will get best results with strong wind because they will keep the boat horizontal more easily. Radial's sailors have higher BMI due to their age. Under-16 sailors show less competitive anxiety due to lower demand for results. Overweight sailor show less cognitive anxiety due to lower expectations. Sailors who train more times per week get best results. Low fat Mediterranean diet not seem conditioned competitive anxiety in sailors. Sailing performance seems to be conditioned by sailor weight, wind conditions, training frequency and experience (AU)

En vela hay muchos factores que afectan al rendimiento del regatista, cómo la experiencia, el entrenamiento, la nutrición y el estado psicológico. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer los niveles de ansiedad en regatistas según hábitos alimentarios, estado nutricional, entrenamiento, experiencia y tipo de embarcación. Participaron 77 regatistas de clase Laser (4.7 y Radial) y 470, rellenaron los cuestionarios CSAI-2 y PREDIMED, para determinar estado de ansiedad competitivo y adherencia a la dieta baja en grasa. Mostraron mayor IMC los regatistas con mayor adherencia a la dieta baja en grasas, mayor experiencia, mejor clasificación, y los de clase Radial. Los sub-16 presentaron menor ansiedad competitiva. Los regatistas con sobrepeso obtuvieron menor ansiedad cognitiva. Los regatistas que realizaban más entrenamientos por semana obtuvieron mejores resultados. Los regatistas con mayor IMC obtendrán mejores resultados con viento fuerte, debido a que mantendrán el barco horizontal con mayor facilidad. Los regatistas de clase Radial tienen mayor IMC debido a su edad. Los regatistas sub-16 muestran menos ansiedad competitiva debido a menor exigencia de resultados. Los regatistas con sobrepeso presentan menor ansiedad cognitiva debido a una menor expectativa. Los regatistas que entrenan entre semana obtienen mejores resultados. La dieta baja en grasa no parece condicionar la ansiedad competitiva de los regatistas. El rendimiento en la navegación parece estar más condicionado por el peso del regatista, las condiciones de viento, la frecuencia de entrenamiento y la experiencia (AU)

Em vela há muitos fatores que afetam ao rendimento do velejadores, como a experiência, o treinamento, a nutrição e o estado psicológico. O objetivo deste estudo era saber os níveis de ansiedade em velejadores de acordo com hábitos alimentares, estado nutricional, enquanto treinando, experimente e faça tipo. Eles participaram 77 velejadores de Laser de classe (4.7 e Radial) e 470, eles encheram os questionários CSAI-2 e PREDIMED, determinar estado competitivo de ansiedade e aderência à baixa dieta em gordura. IMC maior mostrou os velejadores com mais aderência para a baixa dieta em experiência gordurosa, maior, classificação melhor, e esses de classe Radial. Esses substituto-16 eles apresentaram ansiedade menor competitiva. Os velejadores com sobrepeso obtiveram cognitiva de ansiedade menor. Os velejadores que você / eles levaram a cabo mais treinamentos por semana obtiveram resultados melhores. Os velejadores com mais IMC obterão resultados melhores com vento forte, porque eles manterão o navio horizontal com mais facilidade. Os velejadores de classe Radial têm IMC maior devido à idade deles/delas. Os velejadores substituto-16 eles mostram competitivo menos ansiedade devido a demanda menor de resultados. Os velejadores com preponderante apresenta cognitiva de ansiedade menor devido a uma expectativa menor. Os velejadores que treina entre semana obtém resultados melhores. A baixa dieta em gordura não parece condicionar a ansiedade competitiva do velejadores. O rendimento na navegação parece ser condicionado mais pelo peso do velejador, as condições de vento, a frequência de treinar e a experiência (AU)

Vendajes húmedos: nuestra experiencia / Our Experience With Wet-Wrap Treatment

En la actualidad disponemos de un importante arsenal terapéutico para la dermatitis atópica grave. Entre los tratamientos sistémicos cabe destacar entre otros la ciclosporina, los glucocorticoides, la azatioprina, el metotrexato, el mofetil micofenolato o el omalizumab. La terapia con vendajes húmedos oclusivos (wet-wrap) puede suponer una excelente alternativa en pacientes en los que se pretende evitar o reducir el uso de tratamientos sistémicos. Hasta el momento los vendajes húmedos se han considerado como una alternativa en los casos de dermatitis atópica grave de la infancia. Aportamos nuestra experiencia en un grupo de 7 pacientes adultos, 5 de ellos con dermatitis atópica y 2 con prurigo nodular, destacando los resultados satisfactorios obtenidos, así como los escasos efectos secundarios observados

A wide range of treatments are currently available for severe atopic dermatitis, including systemic therapies such as ciclosporin, corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, mofetil mycophenolate, and omalizumab. In patients who can no longer take systemic drugs or who need a dose reduction, wet-wrap treatment can be an excellent option. To date, wet wraps have mostly been used in severe cases of childhood atopic dermatitis. We report our experience with wet-wrap treatment in 5 adults with atopic dermatitis and 2 with nodular prurigo. The results were satisfactory and there were few adverse effects

Our experience with wet-wrap treatment.

A wide range of treatments are currently available for severe atopic dermatitis, including systemic therapies such as ciclosporin, corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate, mofetil mycophenolate, and omalizumab. In patients who can no longer take systemic drugs or who need a dose reduction, wet-wrap treatment can be an excellent option. To date, wet wraps have mostly been used in severe cases of childhood atopic dermatitis. We report our experience with wet-wrap treatment in 5 adults with atopic dermatitis and 2 with nodular prurigo. The results were satisfactory and there were few adverse effects.

Effect of malolactic fermentation by Pediococcus damnosus on the composition and sensory profile of Albariño and Caiño white wines.

AIM: This study was aimed to investigate the influence of malolactic fermentation (MLF) on sensory profile and organoleptic characteristics of Albariño and Caiño white wines. METHODS AND RESULTS: Autochthonous bacteria were isolated from wines after alcoholic fermentation (AF) and further identified as Pediococcus damnosus by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. When a commercial Oenococcus oeni starter was inoculated into Albariño and Caiño white wines to perform MLF, which was checked by HPLC quantification of malic and lactic acids, it was shown that autochthonous Ped. damnosus strains were able to predominate over the commercial O. oeni starter and perform MLF in Caiño wine. By contrast, neither commercial strain nor indigenous Pediococcus carried out MLF in Albariño wine. However, MLF was achieved when autochthonous strains that predominated in Caiño were inoculated into Albariño. Sensory analysis showed that after the MLF Albariño increased its body and softness, while Caiño result a more mature wine. CONCLUSIONS: MLF can positively affect Albariño and Caiño wines giving them new attributes. Pediococci isolated and characterized in this work can successfully perform MLF without negative effects on the wine, because no production of biogenic amines or exopolysaccharides by the selected pediococcus strains was detected. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The effect of MLF in the sensory profile of Albariño and Caiño wines has never been studied before. Results obtained in this work showed that Ped. damnosus strains can be considered as a new topic of investigation on malolactic starter.

Chemical evaluation of white wines elaborated with a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain overproducing mannoproteins.

In this study, a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain EKD13 overproducing mannoproteins has been used to obtain Albariño white wines. The inoculated strain prevailed and produced complete fermentation of the must, as also occurred in the case of spontaneous (non-inoculated) fermentation and in the must inoculated with the S. cerevisiae EC1118 strain. The analytical study of the wines obtained showed that the most important chemical differences among the wines produced with EKD-13, corresponded to the high concentration of mannoproteins, 2-phenyl ethanol and tyrosol. These differences were attributed to the expression, during must fermentation, of genes modified in the recombinant EKD-13 strain. The results obtained imply that this strain could be potentially useful to produce wines rich in mannoproteins that have distinctive characteristics compared to other similar wines, modifying the sensorial and technological parameters of the wines obtained.

Pyoderma gangrenosum and Wegener granulomatosis-like syndrome induced by cocaine.

Cocaine abuse is associated with various skin and rheumatological diseases that mimic primary autoimmune diseases, including retiform purpura with involvement of the ears, cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions (CIMDL), and eruptive pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). Previous reports have suggested the use of perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (pANCA) with specificity against human neutrophil elastase (HNE) to differentiate these cocaine-induced diseases from primary autoimmune diseases. We describe a case of a 54-year-old woman with a history of cocaine abuse, who had PG lesions on her legs with accompanying CIMDL and lung lesions similar to those seen in Wegener granulomatosis. Detection of HNE-positive pANCA, and improvement or clinical recurrence after cessation or consumption of cocaine, respectively, were key to differentiating this presentation from primary autoimmune disease.

Dehiscencia del canal semicircular superior detectada durante un tratamiento dental / Superior semicircular canal dehiscence detected during dental treatment

La dehiscencia de canal semicircular superior del oído interno se caracteriza por la falta de cobertura ósea en la parte superior de dicho canal. Los pacientes con esta enfermedad pueden presentar vértigo cuando son sometidos a sonidos intensos, lo que se conoce como fenómeno de Tullio. Presentamos un caso clínico que asoció dicho fenómeno al fresado de un molar inferior, siendo este el primer síntoma de su enfermedad (AU)

Superior Semicircular Canal dehiscence is characterized by an osseous defect in its upper aspect. Patients with this condition may have sound-induced vertigo (Tullio phenomenon). We report a case in which a patient had a Tullio phenomenon in response to the drill of a lower molar, which is the first symptom disease (AU)

Interaction of Campylobacter spp. and human probiotics in chicken intestinal mucus.

Campylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial food-borne diarrhoeal disease throughout the world. The principal risk of human contamination is handling and consumption of contaminated poultry meat. To colonize poultry, Campylobacter adheres to and persists in the mucus layer that covers the intestinal epithelium. Inhibiting adhesion to the mucus could prevent colonization of the intestine. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the protective effect of defined commercial human probiotic strains on the adhesion of Campylobacter spp. to chicken intestinal mucus, in a search for alternatives to antibiotics to control this food-borne pathogen. The probiotic strains Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii JS and a starter culture strain Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis adhered well to chicken intestinal mucus and were able to reduce the binding of Campylobacter spp. when the mucus was colonized with the probiotic strain before contacting the pathogen. Human-intended probiotics could be useful as prophylactics in poultry feeding for controlling Campylobacter spp. colonization.

Influence of yeast mannoproteins in the aroma improvement of white wines.

UNLABELLED: In the present work, 3 different yeast strains (1, 2, and 3) were used to elaborate white wines using Albariño must. The concentration of polymeric mannose was determined using a method based on the mannoprotein precipitation, hydrolysis and analysis of sylylated mannose derivatives by gas chromatography. Wines elaborated with the strain 1 (W1) presented a higher mannoprotein concentration than the other wines. The analysis of the volatile composition of wines showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among them, being W1 which presented the highest concentration of aroma compounds, mainly terpens and norisoprenoids. The sensorial analysis of wines also showed that W1 had the best quality. The results obtained from this work demonstrate that mannoproteins could be involved in the behavior observed. Some evidences were obtained using a model wine, where 2 major terpens in W1 were preferentially retained by the colloids rich in mannoproteins released by strain 1. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: White wines elaborated with yeast strains overproducing mannoproteins could have better quality than others. Mannoproteins could contribute to aroma enhancement of Albariño white wines.

Vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno relacionado con los tratamientos dentales / Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo related with dental work

Introducción. El vértigo posicional paroxístico benigno (VPPB) es el vértigo más frecuente, con una prevalencia anual del 1,6% en la población general. Puede ser causado por traumatismo craneal. El VPPB se desencadena con determinados movimientos cefálicos, como tumbarse en el sillón odontológico en posición supina. Los objetivos de este estudio son determinar la incidencia de presentación de VPPB durante los procedimientos dentales y analizar la incidencia de VPPB yatrógeno tras traumatismos craneales realizados con el osteótomo dental. Material y métodos. El estudio se ha realizado en un Centro Odontológico Integral, sobre pacientes consecutivos. Es un estudio observacional prospectivo. En cada paciente tratado, se investigó, por anamnesis y observación directa, temor a presentar vértigo al reclinar el sillón hasta la horizontal o desencadenamiento del mismo al hacerlo, o si hubo vértigo en los días ulteriores al uso el osteótomo. Se han excluido pacientes menores de 30 años y aquellos con antecedentes vestibulares. Resultados. Hemos encontrado que un 1,7% de pacientes mayores de 30 años tienen temor a presentar vértigo si van a ser tumbados en posición horizontal, pero sólo el 0,17% de los mismos han presentado un verdadero VPPB al hacerlo. 1.3% de los sujetos en los que se usó el osteótomo durante el procedimiento dental presentaron un VPPB yatrógeno. Discusión. El VPPB puede presentarse en los pacientes en el momento de tumbarles en situación horizontal para realizar trabajos dentales. Además, hemos encontrado que el uso del osteótomo en odontología puede ser un factor yatrógeno en el VPPB (AU)

Introduction. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common type of vertigo with an annual prevalence of 1.6% in the general population. It can be caused by head injury. BPPV are triggered when certain head movements, as happens to lie in supine during the dental encounter. The objetive of this study is to determine the incidence of BPPV presentation during dental procedures. Additionally, the study examines the incidence of iatrogenic BPPV after head injury made ??with the osteotome during dental procedures. Material and methods. The study was conducted in a comprehensive Dental Center where consecutive pacientes are recruited. This is a prospective observational study. We investigated whether the patients would be lying supine were afraid of dizzy, and also studied the onset of dizziness in patients, when laid on supine position or if there was vertigo in the days subsequent to dental procedures in patients who used the osteotome. We excluded patients younger than 30 years and those with vestibular history. Results. We found that 1.7% of patients over 30 years are afraid to present vertigo if they will be lying in a horizontal position, but only 0.17% of them have presented a real BPPV in doing so. 1.3% of the subjects in which the osteotome was used during the dental procedure had an iatrogenic BPPV. Discussion. BPPV can occur in patients who lie down in horizontal situation for dental work. Furthermore, we found that use of the osteotome in dentistry can be an iatrogenic factor in BPPV (AU)

Effect of mannoproteins on the growth, gastrointestinal viability, and adherence to Caco-2 cells of lactic acid bacteria.

Yeast cell wall (YCW) preparations and yeast mannoprotein extracts have been effective against some enteropathogenic bacteria as Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella, and they can affect the population of beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB). In this work, we studied the effect of a mannoprotein extract on five strains of LAB. This extract was metabolised by the bacteria, enhancing their survival in simulated gastrointestinal juice, and increasing the adherence of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. salivarius, and Enterococcus faecium to Caco-2 cells. Yeast mannoproteins are promising naturally occurring compounds that could be used to enhance LAB intestinal populations and control pathogens.

Efficacy of a multimodal therapeutic exercise program in shellfish gatherers for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders: a quasi-experimental study.

AIM: Aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of a therapeutic exercise program to modify the muscular endurance of the trunk, the localization and intensity of musculoskeletal pain, fear-avoidance beliefs, perceived change after the treatment and satisfaction. METHODS: The present study has a quasi-experimental design (N.=19) with measurements taken before and after 16 sessions. The measures included: trunk extensors and flexors endurance, localization and intensity of pain and fear avoidance behavior. At the end of the program the perception of changes at musculoskeletal level and satisfaction were also obtained. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student's T-test for paired data, Wilcoxon's test and McNemar's test. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and the patients gave their informed consent. RESULTS: The 94% were women with a mean age of 58 years. The 42.1% had musculoskeletal pain, with the most frequent locations being the lower back, neck and shoulder regions. A significant increase in the muscular endurance of the trunk extensors and flexors (in seconds) was detected; (67.1±42 vs. 96.1±55.2) (P=0.005) and (28.2±18.3 vs. 67.8±41.1) (P=0.000), respectively. A decrease that was close to statistical significance (P=0.19) was observed in the score on the FABQ (53.9±18.8 vs. 48±19.7). The prevalence of lower back pain (84.2% vs. 47.4%; P=0.016) and upper back pain (42.1% vs. 10.5%; P=0.031) decreased significantly after the treatment. The 78.4% had improved and 89.5% were very satisfied with the treatment. CONCLUSION: The treatment increased the muscular endurance of both the trunk extensors and flexors. A decrease in the prevalence of lower back, upper back and neck pain was observed. The perceived change and satisfaction were high.

Effect of growth phase on the adherence to and invasion of Caco-2 epithelial cells by Campylobacter.

The effect of growth phase on the adherence to and invasion of Caco-2 epithelial cells by five strains of Campylobacter was studied. No significant differences were observed between the behaviors in the exponential or stationary phases for the most stationary-phase tolerant strains (C. jejuni 118 and C. coli LP2), while the strains that produced a greater reduction in the viability in the stationary phase (C. jejuni 11351, C. jejuni 11168 and C. jejuni LP1), also presented reduced adherence to and invasion of Caco-2 cells. In order to find a possible explanation for the observed differences, the presence of putative virulence factors was studied in the analyzed strains. In spite of the fact that C. jejuni 118 and C. jejuni 11168 strains showed a different adherence to and invasion of Caco-2 cells behavior, they posses identical alleles for ciaB, cadF, and pldA loci. From the virulence factors analyzed, only the flaA locus was different among both strains.

Inhibition by pectic oligosaccharides of the invasion of undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells by Campylobacter jejuni.

The ability of pectic oligosaccharides (POS) to inhibit adherence to and invasion of undifferentiated (UC) and differentiated (DC) Caco-2 cells by Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) was investigated. It was observed that both adherence and invasion were significantly higher in UC than in DC. POS (2.5mg/ml) had no significant effect on the number of bacteria which can adhere to cells, but they significantly inhibited cell invasion. The extent of the anti-invasive effect of POS was dependent on the concentration, although the entire range tested (from 2.5mg/ml to 0.05 mg/ml) was capable of inhibiting the invasion of Caco-2 cells by Campylobacter to some degree. The pre-incubation or not of C jejuni with POS did not influence the behaviour observed. The results obtained in this work suggest that POS could be potentially useful as alternatives to antibiotics in the control of C. jejuni.

Evidencia en el manejo del dolor de espalda crónico con el método McKenzie / Evidence in the management of chronic back pain with the McKenzie method

Objetivo Revisar la evidencia científica publicada sobre el método McKenzie en dolor lumbar. Estrategia de búsqueda Búsqueda en la base de datos Medline, en la página web del Instituto McKenzie y análisis de la evidencia publicada por May y Donelson (2008). Selección de estudios y datos Se limita la búsqueda a los últimos 5 años. Se realiza una búsqueda inversa y un filtrado manual centrado en extraer resultados estrechamente relacionados con la temática de búsqueda y en función del nivel de evidencia de los artículos. Síntesis de resultados Se encuentra evidencia sobre diversos aspectos del método McKenzie: fiabilidad interobservador como método exploratorio, especificidad del fenómeno de centralización y eficacia comparado con otros tratamientos. Conclusiones El método McKenzie presenta eficacia similar a los ejercicios de estabilización y una tendencia favorable comparándolo con los ejercicios de fortalecimiento. El fenómeno de centralización tiene valor pronóstico positivo. Presenta una alta fiabilidad como método de exploración(AU)

Objective To review the scientific evidence published on the McKenzie method for back pain. Research strategy A search was made in the Medline database, and on the McKenzie Institute website, and the evidence published by May and Donelson (2008) was analyzed. Studies and data selection The search was limited to the last five years. A reverse search and a manual filtering (as a function of the level of evidence) focused on extracting results closely related to the subject under research were performed. Results summary Evidence on the different aspects of the McKenzie method has been found: inter-examiner reliability as exploratory method, specificity of the centralization phenomenon, and effectiveness compared to other treatments. Conclusions The McKenzie method has similar effectiveness as that of stabilization exercises with a favorable tendency in comparison with strengthen-building exercises. The centralization phenomenon has a positive prognostic value. The method present high reliability as an exploratory method(AU)

Úlcera de Lipschütz / Lipschütz ulcer

La úlcera de Lipschütz o ulcus vulvae acutum engloba la aparición de úlceras genitales agudas en mujeres jóvenes, generalmente sin relaciones sexuales previas, cuyo diagnóstico se realiza por exclusión, tras descartar el resto de las causas (enfermedades de transmisión sexual, causas autoinmunitarias, traumatismos, etc.). Se trata de una entidad poco frecuente e infradiagnosticada, de causa desconocida, aunque en estudios recientes se asocia al virus de Epstein Barr. El curso clínico es autolimitado y tiende a la curación espontánea. Se presenta el caso de una úlcera vulvar aguda en una paciente joven y se realiza una revisión de la bibliografía (AU)

Lipschütz ulcer, also known as ulcus vulvae acutum, encompasses the development of acute genital ulcers in young women, generally those who have not had sexual relations. The diagnosis is made by exclusion, after ruling out the remaining etiologies (sexually transmitted diseases, autoimmune causes, trauma, etc.). Lipschütz ulcer is an uncommon and underdiagnosed entity of unknown etiology, although recent research has associated it with Epstein Barr virus. The clinical course is self-limiting and this type of ulcer tends to resolve spontaneously. We report the case of a young woman diagnosed with an acute vulvar ulcer and provide a review of the literature (AU)

Antimicrobial activity of chitosan against Campylobacter spp. and other microorganisms and its mechanism of action.

The antimicrobial activities of three chitosans with different molecular masses against six gram-negative and three gram-positive bacteria were examined. Campylobacter spp. were the microorganisms most sensitive to chitosan, regardless of their molecular mass. The MIC of chitosan for Campylobacter ranged from 0.005 to 0.05%, demonstrating the global sensitivity of campylobacters to chitosan. Chitosan caused a loss in the membrane integrity of Campylobacter, measured as an increase in cell fluorescence due to the uptake of propidium iodide, a dye that is normally excluded from cells with intact membranes. As cells entered the stationary phase, there was a change in cell membrane resistance toward a loss of integrity caused by chitosan. This study demonstrates that chitosans could be a promising antimicrobial to control Campylobacter.