Effects of hamstring-emphasized neuromuscular training on strength and sprinting mechanics in football players.

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of a neuromuscular training program combining eccentric hamstring muscle strength, plyometrics, and free/resisted sprinting exercises on knee extensor/flexor muscle strength, sprinting performance, and horizontal mechanical properties of sprint running in football (soccer) players. Sixty footballers were randomly assigned to an experimental group (EG) or a control group (CG). Twenty-seven players completed the EG and 24 players the CG. Both groups performed regular football training while the EG performed also a neuromuscular training during a 7-week period. The EG showed a small increases in concentric quadriceps strength (ES = 0.38/0.58), a moderate to large increase in concentric (ES = 0.70/0.74) and eccentric (ES = 0.66/0.87) hamstring strength, and a small improvement in 5-m sprint performance (ES = 0.32). By contrast, the CG presented lower magnitude changes in quadriceps (ES = 0.04/0.29) and hamstring (ES = 0.27/0.34) concentric muscle strength and no changes in hamstring eccentric muscle strength (ES = -0.02/0.11). Thus, in contrast to the CG (ES = -0.27/0.14), the EG showed an almost certain increase in the hamstring/quadriceps strength functional ratio (ES = 0.32/0.75). Moreover, the CG showed small magnitude impairments in sprinting performance (ES = -0.35/-0.11). Horizontal mechanical properties of sprint running remained typically unchanged in both groups. These results indicate that a neuromuscular training program can induce positive hamstring strength and maintain sprinting performance, which might help in preventing hamstring strains in football players.

Progression of mechanical properties during on-field sprint running after returning to sports from a hamstring muscle injury in soccer players.

The objectives of this study were to examine the consequences of an acute hamstring injury on performance and mechanical properties of sprint-running at the time of returning to sports and after the subsequent ~2 months of regular soccer training after return. 28 semi-professional male soccer players, 14 with a recent history of unilateral hamstring injury and 14 without prior injury, participated in the study. All players performed two 50-m maximal sprints when cleared to return to play (Test 1), and 11 injured players performed the same sprint test about 2 months after returning to play (Test 2). Sprint performance (i. e., speed) was measured via a radar gun and used to derive linear horizontal force-velocity relationships from which the following variables obtained: theoretical maximal velocity (V(0)), horizontal force (F(H0)) and horizontal power (Pmax). Upon returning to sports the injured players were moderately slower compared to the uninjured players. F H0 and Pmax were also substantially lower in the injured players. At Test 2, the injured players showed a very likely increase in F(H0) and Pmax concomitant with improvements in early acceleration performance. Practitioners should consider assessing and training horizontal force production during sprint running after acute hamstring injuries in soccer players before they return to sports.

Estudio de la función renal en pacientes con hipotiroidismo subclínico: Respuesta al tratamiento con levotiroxina / Study on Renal Function in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Response to Treatment with Levothyroxine

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) ha sido reconocida recientemente como un problema de Salud Pública. El hipotiroidismo subclínico (HSC) se presenta con baja tasa de filtrado glomerular (FG), debido a una reducción en el flujo sanguíneo renal. Objetivo: Evaluar la función renal en pacientes con HSC al momento del diagnóstico y luego de ser tratados con levotiroxina (LT4). Material y Métodos: Treinta y tres pacientes entre 18 y 85 años con HSC (TSH 4,5- 10 mUI/L y T4L 0,8-1,9 ng/dl- método (CLIA), en quienes se evaluó FG previo al tratamiento con LT4 y veinticuatro pacientes postratamiento promedio ≥ 6 meses. Se determinaron TPOab (CLIA VR < a 22KUI/L), glucemia, uremia, creatininemia, perfil lipídico (método: autoanalizador, Dimensión RXL max Siemens). Para cálculo de FG se aplicó la fórmula MDRD4 y se agruparon en 4 estadios en función del valor obtenido. Se trabajó con un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Se utilizó para el análisis estadístico el programa SPSS versión 17, aplicándose test de chi cuadrado y cálculo de media y desvío estándar para variables cuantitativas. Resultados: Los aspectos clínicos y bioquímicos pre y postratamiento respectivamente son: edad 52 vs. 51 años, TSH mUI/ml 5,42 vs. 1,72, (p < 0,5), T4L 1,13 vs. 1,21 ng/dl, creatininemia 0,93 vs. 0,82 mg/dl (p < 0,5) glucemia 84 vs 87 mg/dl; colesterol total 202 vs. 190 mg/dl; triglicéridos 127 vs. 124 mg/dl; LDL-c 120 vs. 110 mg/dl; HDL-c 55 vs. 54 y uremia 36 vs. 35 mg/dl. Se observa normalización de TSH y descenso creatininemia (TSH p < 0,0001; creatininemia p < 0,036), resto de los parámetros p > 0,5. Previo al tratamiento solo el 24 % tiene un FG estimado ≥ 90 ml/min/1,73 m². Se observan cambios en el FG luego de la administración de LT4: 74,6 ± 17 vs. 84,5 ± 22 ml/min/1,73 m² p < 0,5. Recomendamos en todo paciente con disfunción tiroidea estudiar la función renal. Excluidas otras causas de falla renal es esperable una mejoría en el FG en los pacientes que teniendo hipotiroidismo subclínico son tratados con levotiroxina. Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.(AU)

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been recently recognized as a public health problem. Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) presents with a low Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) due to a reduction in renal blood flow. Objective: To evaluate renal function in patients with SCH at diagnosis and after treatment with levothyroxine (LT4) Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients between 18 and 85 years of age with SCH (TSH 4.5-10 mIU/L and FT4 0.8-1.9 ng/dL, CLIA method), whose GFR was assessed prior to LT4 treatment, and twenty-four patients post-treatment average ≥ 6 months. TPOAb (CLIA VR < at 22 KUI/L), glucose, uremia, creatinine, lipid profile were determined (method: autoanalyzer, Siemens Dimension RXL Max). To calculate the GFR, the MDRD4 formula was applied and were grouped into 4 stages according to the values obtained. We worked with a significance level of 5 %. The SPSS v. 17 software was used for statistical analysis, applying chi-square test, and calculation of mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. Results: The pre- and post-treatment clinical and biochemical aspects are as follows, respectively: 52 vs. 51 years of age, TSH (mIU/mL) 5.42 vs. 1.72, (p < 0.5), FT4 1.13 vs. 1.21 ng/dl, creatinine 0.93 vs. 0.82 mg/dl (p < 0.5), glucose 84 vs. 87 mg/dl, total cholesterol 202 vs. 190 mg/dl, triglycerides 127 vs. 124 mg/dl, LDL-c 120 vs. 110 mg/dl, HDL-c 55 vs. 54 mg/dl and uremia 36 vs. 35 mg/dl. Normalization of TSH and a fall in creatinine were observed (TSH p < 0.0001; creatinine p < 0.036), remaining parameters p > 0.5. Only 24 % of the patients have an estimated GFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 prior to treatment. Changes in the GFR were observed after the administration of LT4: 74.6 ± 17 vs. 84.5 ± 22 ml/min/1.73 m² p < 0.5. We recommend studying the renal function in every patient with thyroid dysfunction. Excluding other causes of kidney failure, an improvement in GFR is expected in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism after being treated with levothyroxine. The authors do not have conflicts of interest.(AU)

Estudio de la función renal en pacientes con hipotiroidismo subclínico: Respuesta al tratamiento con levotiroxina / Study on Renal Function in Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Response to Treatment with Levothyroxine

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) ha sido reconocida recientemente como un problema de Salud Pública. El hipotiroidismo subclínico (HSC) se presenta con baja tasa de filtrado glomerular (FG), debido a una reducción en el flujo sanguíneo renal. Objetivo: Evaluar la función renal en pacientes con HSC al momento del diagnóstico y luego de ser tratados con levotiroxina (LT4). Material y Métodos: Treinta y tres pacientes entre 18 y 85 años con HSC (TSH 4,5- 10 mUI/L y T4L 0,8-1,9 ng/dl- método (CLIA), en quienes se evaluó FG previo al tratamiento con LT4 y veinticuatro pacientes postratamiento promedio ≥ 6 meses. Se determinaron TPOab (CLIA VR < a 22KUI/L), glucemia, uremia, creatininemia, perfil lipídico (método: autoanalizador, Dimensión RXL max Siemens). Para cálculo de FG se aplicó la fórmula MDRD4 y se agruparon en 4 estadios en función del valor obtenido. Se trabajó con un nivel de significancia del 5 %. Se utilizó para el análisis estadístico el programa SPSS versión 17, aplicándose test de chi cuadrado y cálculo de media y desvío estándar para variables cuantitativas. Resultados: Los aspectos clínicos y bioquímicos pre y postratamiento respectivamente son: edad 52 vs. 51 años, TSH mUI/ml 5,42 vs. 1,72, (p < 0,5), T4L 1,13 vs. 1,21 ng/dl, creatininemia 0,93 vs. 0,82 mg/dl (p < 0,5) glucemia 84 vs 87 mg/dl; colesterol total 202 vs. 190 mg/dl; triglicéridos 127 vs. 124 mg/dl; LDL-c 120 vs. 110 mg/dl; HDL-c 55 vs. 54 y uremia 36 vs. 35 mg/dl. Se observa normalización de TSH y descenso creatininemia (TSH p < 0,0001; creatininemia p < 0,036), resto de los parámetros p > 0,5. Previo al tratamiento solo el 24 % tiene un FG estimado ≥ 90 ml/min/1,73 m². Se observan cambios en el FG luego de la administración de LT4: 74,6 ± 17 vs. 84,5 ± 22 ml/min/1,73 m² p < 0,5. Recomendamos en todo paciente con disfunción tiroidea estudiar la función renal. Excluidas otras causas de falla renal es esperable una mejoría en el FG en los pacientes que teniendo hipotiroidismo subclínico son tratados con levotiroxina. Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) has been recently recognized as a public health problem. Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH) presents with a low Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) due to a reduction in renal blood flow. Objective: To evaluate renal function in patients with SCH at diagnosis and after treatment with levothyroxine (LT4) Materials and Methods: Thirty-three patients between 18 and 85 years of age with SCH (TSH 4.5-10 mIU/L and FT4 0.8-1.9 ng/dL, CLIA method), whose GFR was assessed prior to LT4 treatment, and twenty-four patients post-treatment average ≥ 6 months. TPOAb (CLIA VR < at 22 KUI/L), glucose, uremia, creatinine, lipid profile were determined (method: autoanalyzer, Siemens Dimension RXL Max). To calculate the GFR, the MDRD4 formula was applied and were grouped into 4 stages according to the values obtained. We worked with a significance level of 5 %. The SPSS v. 17 software was used for statistical analysis, applying chi-square test, and calculation of mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables. Results: The pre- and post-treatment clinical and biochemical aspects are as follows, respectively: 52 vs. 51 years of age, TSH (mIU/mL) 5.42 vs. 1.72, (p < 0.5), FT4 1.13 vs. 1.21 ng/dl, creatinine 0.93 vs. 0.82 mg/dl (p < 0.5), glucose 84 vs. 87 mg/dl, total cholesterol 202 vs. 190 mg/dl, triglycerides 127 vs. 124 mg/dl, LDL-c 120 vs. 110 mg/dl, HDL-c 55 vs. 54 mg/dl and uremia 36 vs. 35 mg/dl. Normalization of TSH and a fall in creatinine were observed (TSH p < 0.0001; creatinine p < 0.036), remaining parameters p > 0.5. Only 24 % of the patients have an estimated GFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2 prior to treatment. Changes in the GFR were observed after the administration of LT4: 74.6 ± 17 vs. 84.5 ± 22 ml/min/1.73 m² p < 0.5. We recommend studying the renal function in every patient with thyroid dysfunction. Excluding other causes of kidney failure, an improvement in GFR is expected in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism after being treated with levothyroxine. The authors do not have conflicts of interest.

Resolución de un caso de granuloma anularsubcutáneo con isotretinoína oral / Resolution of a case of granuloma annulare subcutaneous with oral isotretinoin

El Granuloma Anular Subcutáneo (GAS) es una forma clínica poco frecuente, de granuloma anular, más común en la infancia. Clínicamente, se caracterizapor la presencia de nódulos subcutáneos, indoloros, localizados en cuero cabelludo o en extremidades. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia y lapresentación clínica, y en el estudio histopatológico. El diagnóstico diferencial se plantea sobre todo, con los nódulos cutáneos de la artritis reumatoide.El proceso tiende a ser autolimitado.Presentamos el caso de una paciente, de 16 años, tratada con éxito con isotretinoina oral (AU)

Subcutaneous Granuloma Annulare (SGA) is a rare clinical form of granuloma annulare, more common in childhood. The clinical presentation is apainless subcutaneous nodules located in scalp or extremities. Diagnosis is based on medical history, clinical findings and histopathology. Differentialdiagnosis is necessary with respect to nodular lesions of rheumatoid arthritis. Lesions tend to be self-limiting.Here we report a case of a female patient, of 16 years old, treated with oral isotretinoin successfully (AU)

Angiosarcoma de cuero cabelludo. A propósito de un caso / Angiosarcoma of the scalp. Report of a case

Los angiosarcomas cutáneos, son tumores malignos vasculares, poco frecuentes, que afectan sobre todo a personas mayores, de raza blanca. Sonmuy agresivos, por lo cual su detección precoz, es lo único que puede modificar su pronóstico.Describimos el caso de una mujer anciana, con angiosarcoma del cuero cabelludo. La paciente recibió tratamiento con radioterapia de electrones.Desafortunadamente, a los 3 meses del diagnóstico falleció (AU)

Cutaneous angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular tumor, most often occurs in white elderly people. It´s very agressive, only early detection canmodify the prognosis.An old woman, who was diagnosed of angiosarcoma of the scalp is reported. The patient was treated by electron-beam radiotherapy. Unfortunatelyshe died 3 months after the diagnosis (AU)

[Experiences with the Eurotest in neuropsychological examinations. A screening test]. / Experiencia con el Eurotest en la exploración neuropsicológica. Un test de cribado.

INTRODUCTION: The increasing number of foreign patients being attended in our health centres makes it necessary to have tests that are compatible among different countries, especially in Europe. The objective of this study is to compare the Eurotest with other screening tests and to determine whether there are any differences between European (other than Spanish) and Spanish patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We included patients who were referred because of complaints that were compatible with cognitive impairment and they were asked to carry out a protocol of tests that included the global deterioration scale (GDS), Folstein's MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), the Clock Test (CT) and the Eurotest. Epidemiological data were collected. The sample used in the study included 45 patients, 21 males and 24 females, with a mean age of 69.76 years; 34 were born in Spain and 11 abroad. RESULTS: Diagnoses were 17 with mild cognitive impairment, 8 with Alzheimer's disease, 6 with age-associated impairment, 5 with vascular dementia, 5 with a psychiatric disorder, 1 with mixed dementia and 1 with dementia with Lewy bodies. The distribution according to the GDS was as follows: 10 with a GDS of 2, 18 with a GDS of 3, and 17 with a GDS of 4. All the patients with a GDS 2 completed the tests correctly, those with a GDS 3 scored below the cut-off point 5 for the Eurotest, 4 for the MMSE and 3 for CT, and in the GDS 4 they were 9, 7 and 6, respectively. Results did not vary between Spaniards and foreigners, the kappa index between MMSE and the Eurotest was 0.39 and the Pearson coefficient was 0.67. CONCLUSION: The Eurotest was slightly more useful in patients with a greater degree of impairment.

Experiencia con el Eurotest en la exploración neuropsicológica. Un test de cribado / Experiences with the eurotest in neuropsychological examinations. A screening test

Introducción. El incremento de pacientes extranjeros atendidos en nuestras consultas hace necesario disponer de tests compatibles entre múltiples países, especialmente del ámbito europeo. El objetivo del estudio es comparar el Eurotest con otros tests de cribado y comprobar si existen diferencias entre pacientes europeos (no españoles) y españoles. Pacientes y métodos. Incluimos pacientes remitidos por presentar quejas compatibles con deterioro cognitivo; se les realizó un protocolo de tests para su estudio, que incluyó la escala global de deterioro (GDS), el MMSE (Mini-Mental state examination) de Folstein, el test del reloj (TR) y el Eurotest. Recogimos datos epidemiológicos. Fueron 45 pacientes, 21 hombres y 24 mujeres, con una edad media de 69,76 años, 34 nacieron en España y 11 fuera. Resultados. Los diagnósticos fueron 17 con deterioro cognitivo leve, 8 con enfermedad de Alzheimer, 6 con deterioro asociado a la edad, 5 con demencia vascular, 5 con trastorno psiquiátrico, 1 con demencia mixta y 1 con demencia por cuerpos de Lewy. La distribución según GDS fueron: 10 con GDS de 2, 18 con GDS de 3, y 17 con GDS de 4. Todos los pacientes con GDS 2 realizaron los tests correctamente, con GDS 3 dieron por debajo del punto de corte 5 para Eurotest, 4 para MMSE y 3 para TR, y en GDS 4 fueron 9, 7 y 6, respectivamente. Los resultados no variaron entre españoles y extranjeros, el índice kappa entre MMSE y Eurotest fue de 0,39, y el coeficiente de Pearson, de 0,67. Conclusión. El Eurotest fue ligeramente más útil en pacientes más deteriorados (AU)

Introduction. The increasing number of foreign patients being attended in our health centres makes it necessary to have tests that are compatible among different countries, especially in Europe. The objective of this study is to compare the Eurotest with other screening tests and to determine whether there are any differences between European (other than Spanish) and Spanish patients. Patients and methods. We included patients who were referred because of complaints that were compatible with cognitive impairment and they were asked to carry out a protocol of tests that included the global deterioration scale (GDS), Folstein’s MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination), the Clock Test (CT) and the Eurotest. Epidemiological data were collected. The sample used in the study included 45 patients, 21 males and 24 females, with a mean age of 69.76 years; 34 were born in Spain and 11 abroad. Results. Diagnoses were 17 with mild cognitive impairment, 8 with Alzheimer's disease, 6 with age-associated impairment, 5 with vascular dementia, 5 with a psychiatric disorder, 1 with mixed dementia and 1 with dementia with Lewy bodies. The distribution according to the GDS was as follows: 10 with a GDS of 2, 18 with a GDS of 3, and 17 with a GDS of 4. All the patients with a GDS 2 completed the tests correctly, those with a GDS 3 scored below the cutoff point 5 for the Eurotest, 4 for the MMSE and 3 for CT, and in the GDS 4 they were 9, 7 and 6, respectively. Results did not vary between Spaniards and foreigners, the kappa index between MMSE and the Eurotest was 0.39 and the Pearson coefficient was 0.67. Conclusion. The Eurotest was slightly more useful in patients with a greater degree of impairmen (AU)

Hiperpigmentación congénita siguiendo las líneas de Blaschko / Congenital hyperpigmentation along the lines of Blaschko

No disponible

Linfoma nasal de células T/NK asociado a virus de Epstein-Barr: a propósito de un caso / Nasal-type T/NK-cell lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus: a report of a case

Una mujer de 48 años con antecedentes de rinitis resistente a tratamientos presentó una masa nasal que perforaba el septo. Los exámenes histopatológico e inmunohistoquímico fueron compatibles con el diagnóstico de linfoma T/NK nasal. La hibridación in situ fue positiva para virus de Epstein-Barr. Dos meses después la lesión afectaba al paladar blando y la zona izquierda de la encía, acompañándose de tumefacción de partes blandas. Se realizaron TAC cervical, torácica y abdominal, que mostraron pequeñas adenopatías laterocervicales, derrame pulmonar y hepatoesplenomegalia. El estudio de médula ósea fue negativo. La histología de una adenopatía submandibular puso de manifiesto infiltración por linfoma T/NK nasal. La paciente murió pocos meses después, a pesar de la quimioterapia (AU)

Generalized cutaneous depigmentation following sulfamide-induced drug eruption.

A 41-year-old male developed a generalized drug eruption following sulfamide therapy, with progressive albino-like generalized cutaneous depigmentation. Electron microscopy showed the absence of melanocytes, and clear cells with Langerhans cell characteristics were seen along the basal layer. The present case constitutes a unique reaction to sulfamides not previously reported in the literature.