Extraskeletal cutaneous chondroblastic osteosarcoma: a case report.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm that usually arises in the deep soft tissues, especially in the lower extremities, with rare cases involving the subcutis or dermis. We report a 60-year-old man with an enlarging cutaneous mass in the right lower thigh. An incisional skin biopsy showed a well-defined, but non-encapsulated neoplasm, characterized by extensive cartilage with marked cellularity, atypia and high mitotic activity, involving the dermis and subcutis. Although osteoid or bone was not observed, a diagnosis of cutaneous chondroblastic osteosarcoma was suggested after excluding an origin in bone or other primary tumor sites by imaging techniques. Histopathologic features of the surgical specimen were characteristic, with a predominant high-grade chondroid component together with focal fibrosarcomatous zones, areas of multinucleated giant cells and foci of bone and osteoid formation. The patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy and is currently alive with pulmonary metastases 15 months after surgery. In summary, we report a unique case of cutaneous osteosarcoma of the chondroblastic subtype, diagnosed on incisional skin biopsy despite the absence of osteoid or bone during tumor sampling. As a rule, when an obviously malignant 'chondrosarcoma' is identified, one should always consider this entity.

Cordoma. Sus variantes y diagnóstico diferencial / Chordoma: its «variants» and differential diagnosis

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Cordoma. Sus variantes y diagnóstico diferencial / Chordoma: its «variants» and differential diagnosis

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Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma: report of a case with fine needle aspiration cytology.

BACKGROUND: Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MFS) is a distinct neoplasm that usually arises in the acral zones of distalextremities. We report, for the first time, the preoperative fine needle a,spiration cytology (FNAC) findings of an MFS case that was confirmed after surgical excision. CASE: An 81-year-old woman presented with a multinodular tumor in the distal right extremity that had been present for 1 year. FNA C of the lesion was performed and followed by local excision. The fine needle aspiration smears contained 2 of the 3 types of neoplastic cells that have been observed in MFS: spindled and ganglionlike cells. The background was myxoid, with a prominent inflammatory infiltrate. Histopathologic examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis of MFS. CONCLUSION: Although the cytologic diagnosis was "pleomorphic sarcoma," MFS was considered and local excision recommended, given the reported low grade nature of this entity. However, the need for extreme caution in the diagnosis of soft tissue lesions on cytologic grounds alone cannot be overemphasized.

Exploring allelic imbalance within paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies using pyrosequencing technology.

BACKGROUND: The comparison of molecular genetic changes in healthy and pathological tissues has historically led to the identification of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. It is very common that studies investigating loss of heterozygosity are carried out retrospectively on paraffin-embedded samples. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the power of pyrosequencing for determining the loss of heterozygotic regions. The present method uses the fact that pyrosequencing is an accurate, sensitive and reproducible technique. The method is also simple to perform, with results available in 96-well format, making the assays amenable to automation. Thus, we analyzed nine single nucleotide polymorphisms along 1 Mb between the EMSY and PAK1 genes on 11q13, a region frequently rearranged in different tumors and cell lines. We assessed the study using samples from breast cancer and thyroid cancer biopsies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that this technique is capable of detecting variations of >10% in allele loss. However, strong allele imbalances were detected, depending on the origin of the sample. Seven out of the nine markers used exhibited differential allele amplification, depending on the DNA quality (p<0.01).

Condrosarcoma. Variantes de condrosarcoma / Chondrosarcoma. Different variants of chondrosarcoma

El término condrosarcoma es usado para describir ungrupo heterogéneo de tumores con características morfológicasy comportamientos clínicos diversos. Se asume quelos condrosarcomas son tumores malignos constituidos porcélulas de fenotipo cartilaginoso que usualmente muestranun patrón histológico lobulado y tienden a mantener sunaturaleza esencialmente cartilaginosa a lo largo de su evolución,independientemente de la localización del tumor,tanto en los tumores esqueléticos como extraesqueléticos.Se reconocen una serie de variantes, de características morfológicas,radiológicas y clínicas diferentes. En esta revisiónse exponen las referidas características de las diferentesvariantes de condrosarcoma, y las dificultades diagnósticaspara el patólogo, haciendo énfasis en los criterios parasu diagnóstico diferencial, incluyendo los nuevos conocimientosde citogenética y patología molecular

The term chondrosarcoma is used for describing a heterogeneousgroup of tumors with diverse morphological featuresand clinical behaviour. It is assumed that chondrosarcomasare malignant tumors composed of cells with a cartilaginousphenotype that usually show a lobulatedhistological pattern and tend to maintain their essentiallycartilaginous nature along their evolution, independently ofthe site of the tumor, as well in osseous as in extra skeletaltumors. Several variants of chondrosarcomas are recognized.They have different morphological, radiological andclinical features. In this revision the above mentioned featuresof the different variants and the diagnostic difficultiesfor the pathologist are commented, and emphasis is given tothe criteria for its differential diagnosis, including recentknowledge about cytogenetics and molecular biology

Non-monomelic synchronous primary multicentric chondrosarcoma: a case report.

We report a patient with simultaneous presentation of two histologically grade 2 conventional chondrosarcomas non-derived from pre-existing cartilaginous lesions, in the absence of pulmonary or visceral involvement. One tumour was located at the right proximal femur and the other one at the right scapula. There was no evidence of local recurrence or pulmonary or visceral involvement three years and a half after total scapulectomy and resection of the proximal third of the femur. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with two non-monomelic synchronous chondrosarcomas arising in two previously normal bones of the skeleton. Such cases are often difficult to differentiate from metastatic disease.

El diagnóstico de proliferación-neoplasiafolicular en la punción aspiracióncon aguja finaRevisión de la experiencia en 200 casos y 10 añosde seguimiento / Diagnosis of follicular proliferation/neoplasm using fine needle aspiration. A 10-year case review

El diagnóstico en punción aspiración con aguja fina de "Proliferación-Neoplasia Folicular" en la patología tiroidea es poco preciso en determinar la condición neoplásica benigna o maligna de las lesiones foliculares. Este diagnóstico se basa en que haya celularidad folicular destacable o aumentada de carácter neoplásico y escaso o ausente coloide de fondo, tratando de establecer un diagnóstico concreto de benignidad o malignidad, con prioridad en este último de la exéresis quirúrgica. En este trabajo relatamos nuestra experiencia en 200 casos con el diagnóstico citopatológico de "Proliferación Folicular" y la exéresis quirúrgica, excluyendo los diagnósticos de benignidad (Bocios Coloides, Tiroiditis) o malignidad (Carcinoma Papilar, Medular u otros) con características propias. Tras el examen histológico, 83 casos (42 por ciento) fueron lesiones benignas (71, Hiperplasia Uni o Multinodular; 6, Hiperplasia Difusa y 6, Tiroiditis Linfocitaria Crónica). 65 (32,5 por ciento) correspondieron a Adenomas Foliculares.52 casos (26 por ciento) fueron Carcinomas: (27, Carcinoma Papilar; 20, Carcinoma Folicular; 3, Carcinoma Medular; 1, Carcinoma Epidermoide de Laringe poco diferenciado; 1, Carcinoma Metastásico de Colon). En 58 casos (29 por ciento) se enunció ademas el diagnóstico de Sospecha de malignida, confirmándose en 39 (68 por ciento) la presencia de carcinoma. Se postula que en el 70 por ciento de estos diagnósticos, deben ser prioritarios para la cirugía por su carácter neoplásico, tratando de delimitar las lesiones neoplásicas más agresivas. La media de la exéresis quirúrgica en los casos que fueron Carcinomas fue de 11298 días (AU)

La Escuela de Cajal. La creación del primer Servicio de Anatomía Patológica en España por D. Francisco Tello / No disponible

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