Resistance Circuit Training or Walking Training: Which Program Improves Muscle Strength and Functional Autonomy More in Older Women?

To evaluate the effects of two programs (resistance and walking training) on the functional autonomy and muscle strength (isometric and dynamic) of older women, 67 subjects were divided randomly into three groups: resistance training (RTG; Mean = 64.70 ± 6.74 years), walking (WG, Mean = 65.56 ± 7.82 years), and control (CG; Mean = 64.81 ± 4.34). The experimental groups underwent a 16-week intervention. Muscle strength (isometric and dynamic) and functional autonomy were assessed. The subjects participating in the RTG showed improvements in the comparison pre to post-test in the maximal forces of upper limb (MULS) (Δ% = 49.48%; p = 0.001) and lower limb (MLLS) (Δ% = 56.70%; p = 0.001), isometric biceps forces (BIS) (Δ% = 30.13%; p = 0.001) and quadriceps forces (QIS) (Δ% = 65.92%; p = 0.001), and in the general index (GI) of functional autonomy (Δ% = −18.32%; p = 0.002). The WG improved in all functional autonomy tests, except for the standing up from prone position test (SVDP). In strength tests, the WG obtained improvements only in the QIS (Δ% = 41.80%; p = 0.001) and MLLS (Δ% = 49.13%; p = 0.001) tests. The RTG obtained better results (p < 0.05) when compared to the WG and CG. The results allow us to infer that resistance exercise programs are more effective in increasing strength and functional autonomy, a fact that may mitigate the deleterious effects on health of aging.

Efeito do oncofitness na amplitude articular de pacientes com câncer de próstata / Efecto del oncofitnessen el rango de movimiento articular de pacientes con cáncer de próstata / Effect of oncofitness in joint amplitude of patients with prostate cancer

RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito de um Programa de Exercício Físico Oncológico - ONCOFITNESS na amplitude articular em pacientes com câncer submetidos à radioterapia. O estudo é um tipo de ensaio clínico prospectivo randomizado controlado no qual se compara o efeito e o valor de uma intervenção, com características profiláticas ou terapêuticas, em seres humanos. Os procedimentos consideraram as normas para realização de pesquisas em seres humanos com a aprovação do projeto pelo CEP/Hospital Mário Kröeff. A avaliação da flexibilidade foi realizada seguindo o protocolo LABIFIE, com goniômetro de aço da marca Lafayette® (EUA). O grupo experimental realizou uma intervenção com Oncofitness. Após esse período, foi realizada outra avaliação, seguindo os mesmos procedimentos. A análise estatística foi realizada no programa SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 20.0. A amostra foi composta por 30 homens com idade GE (X ̅ = 59,0 ± 2,0 anos) e GC (X ̅ = 60,0 ± 1,0 anos). Os dados revelaram que os ganhos do GE foram observados em: flexão do joelho (∆%=5,0%, p=0,0011x); em abdução do quadril (∆%=15,8%, p=0,003x); em rotação interna (∆%=8,1%, p=0,0129x) e em flexão de ombro, (∆%=8,3%, p=0,0185x). Não foi observado ganho no GC, pode-se verificar que o Oncofitness proporcionou a redução de alguns dos sintomas relacionados aos tratamentos oncológicos devido à melhora da amplitude articular.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de un Programa de Ejercicios Físicos Oncológicos - ONCOFITNESS en la amplitud articular en pacientes oncológicos sometidos a radioterapia. El estudio es tipo ensayo clínico controlado randomizado, prospectivo en que compara el efecto y valor de una intervención, con características profilácticas o terapéuticas, en seres humanos. Los procedimientos consideraron las normas para la realización de investigación en seres humanos con la aprobación del proyecto por el CEP/Hospital Mário Kröeff. La evaluación de la flexibilidad fue realizada siguiendo el protocolo del LABIFIE, con un goniómetro de acero da marca Lafayette® (EUA). El grupo experimental realizó una intervención con el Oncofitness. Después de ese periodo, se realizó otra evaluación, siguiendo los mismos procedimientos. El análisis estadístico fue realizado mediante el SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versión 20.0. La muestra fue de 30 hombres con edades GE (X ̅ = 59,0 ± 2,0 años) y GC (X ̅ = 60,0 ± 1,0 años). Los datos revelaron que fueron observadas ganancias GE en: flexión de rodillas (∆%=5,0%, p=0,0011x); en la abducción de cadera (∆%=15,8%, p=0,003x); en la rotación interna (∆%=8,1%, p=0,0129x) y en flexión de hombro, (∆%=8,3%, p=0,0185x). No fue observada ganancia en el GC, se puede verificar que el Oncofitness proporcionó la reducción de algunos de los síntomas relacionados a los tratamientos oncológicos por la mejora de la amplitud articular.

ABSTRACT The research aimed to evaluate the effect of an Oncology Physical Exercises Program - ONCOFITNESS on the joint range of cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. The study is considered a randomized controlled clinical trial, being prospective in that it compares the effect and value of an intervention, with prophylactic or therapeutic characteristics, in human beings. The procedures met the standards for researching human beings, and the project was approved. CEP/Hospital Mário Kröeff. Flexibility measurement performed following the LABIFIE protocol, with a Lafayette® brand steel goniometer (USA). The experimental group performed an intervention with Oncofitness. After this period, another evaluation was carried out, following the same procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 20.0. Sample of 30 men aged GE (X ̅ = 59.0 ± 2.0 years) and CG (X ̅ = 60.0 ± 1.0 years). The data revealed that gains were observed in the EG in knee flexion (∆%=5.0%, p=0.0011x); in hip abduction (∆%=15.8%, p=0.003x); in internal rotation (∆%=8.1%, p=0.0129x) and in shoulder flexion, (∆%=8.3%, p=0.0185x). As was not observed in the CG, Oncofitness provided a reduction in some of the symptoms related to oncological treatments by improving joint range of motion.

Effect of periodized water exercise training program on functional autonomy in elderly women / Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento periodizado de ejercicio acuático sobre la autonomía funcional en adultas mayores

Background: Scientific evidence have been related negative functional autonomy to sedentary lifestyle in elderly women by other hand physical exercise is highly recommended to prevent deterioration of neuromuscular functions and proposed during the rehabilitation of physical disability and fall accidents. Aim: To determine the effect of periodized water exercise training on functional autonomy in elderly women. Methods: Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned in two, water exercise intervention group (n=16) and control group (n=10); The intervention group followed 12-week of periodized water exercise training program five times a week, 30 minutes of water exercise with work heart rate reserve of 40-50% (1-6th week) increasing the load to 50-60% (7-12th week); The protocol of the Group of Latin-American Development for Maturity (GDLAM) was used to evaluate functional autonomy; As statistical analyses mixed 2 x 2 ANOVA was used, also percentage changes (Δ %) were calculated. Results: The results showed significant improvement (p<0.05) comparing the interaction intergroup and the measurements in 10 meters walk test (10mw) (p=0.001) and general GDLAM index (GI) (p=0.012), percentage changes (Δ %) showed positive improvements in the five components of (GDLAM) and (GI). Conclusion: Periodized water exercise training program was able to enhance (10 mW) and (GI) however, will be appropriated in the future more studies to better clarify the possibilities of improvements between water exercise and functional autonomy (AU)

Antecedentes: Evidencia cientifica relaciona autonomía funcional negativa y sedentarismo en adultas mayores, por otra parte el ejercicio fisico se ha recomendado para evitar el deterioro de funciones neuromusculares y durante la rehabilitacion de la discapacidad fisica y caidas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento periodizado de ejercicio acuatico sobre la autonomia funcional de adultas mayores. Metodos: Veintiseis sujetos fueron asignados al azar en grupo de ejercicio acuatico de intervencion (n = 16) y un grupo control (n = 10); El grupo de intervención participo en 12 semanas de ejercicio acuatico periodizado cinco veces por semana, 30 minutos con una frecuencia cardiaca de reserva de 40 a 50% (1-6 semana) y un aumento de la carga de 50 a 60% (7-12 semana); Se utilizo el protocolo del Grupo de Desarrollo Latinoamericano de Madurez (GDLAM) para evaluar la autonomía funcional; el analisis estadistico fue por ANOVA 2 x 2, tambien se calcularon los porcentajes de cambio (Δ%). Resultados: Se mostro mejoria significativa (p<0,05) al comparar la interaccion intergrupo y las mediciones en el test de caminar 10 metros (10 mW) (p=0,001) y el índice de GDLAM (GI) (p=0,012), los cambios porcentuales (Δ%) mostraron mejoras en los cinco componentes de (GDLAM) y (GI). Conclusion: El entrenamiento periodizado de ejercicio acuatico fue capaz de mejorar (10 mW) y (GI) en adultas mayores, aun sin embargo, se requieren futuros estudios para aclarar las posibilidades de mejora en el ejercicio acuatico y autonomia funcional (AU)

Effect of periodized water exercise training program on functional autonomy in elderly women.

BACKGROUND: Scientific evidence have been related negative functional autonomy to sedentary lifestyle in elderly women by other hand physical exercise is highly recommended to prevent deterioration of neuromuscular functions and proposed during the rehabilitation of physical disability and fall accidents. AIM: To determine the effect of periodized water exercise training on functional autonomy in elderly women. METHODS: Twenty-six subjects were randomly assigned in two, water exercise intervention group (n=16) and control group (n=10); The intervention group followed 12-week of periodized water exercise training program five times a week, 30 minutes of water exercise with work heart rate reserve of 40-50% (1-6th week) increasing the load to 50-60% (7-12th week); The protocol of the Group of Latin-American Development for Maturity (GDLAM) was used to evaluate functional autonomy; As statistical analyses mixed 2 x 2 ANOVA was used, also percentage changes (Δ %) were calculated. RESULTS: The results showed significant improvement (p<0.05) comparing the interaction intergroup and the measurements in 10 meters walk test (10mW) (p=0.001) and general GDLAM index (GI) (p=0.012), percentage changes (Δ %) showed positive improvements in the five components of (GDLAM) and (GI). CONCLUSION: Periodized water exercise training program was able to enhance (10 mW) and (GI) however, will be appropriated in the future more studies to better clarify the possibilities of improvements between water exercise and functional autonomy.

Antecedentes: Evidencia cientifica relaciona autonomia funcional negativa y sedentarismo en adultas mayores, por otra parte el ejercicio fisico se ha recomendado para evitar el deterioro de funciones neuromusculares y durante la rehabilitacion de la discapacidad fisica y caidas. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento periodizado de ejercicio acuatico sobre la autonomia funcional de adultas mayores. Metodos: Veintiseis sujetos fueron asignados al azar en grupo de ejercicio acuatico de intervencion (n = 16) y un grupo control (n = 10); El grupo de intervencion participo en 12 semanas de ejercicio acuatico periodizado cinco veces por semana, 30 minutos con una frecuencia cardiaca de reserva de 40 a 50% (1-6 semana) y un aumento de la carga de 50 a 60% (7-12 semana); Se utilizo el protocolo del Grupo de Desarrollo Latinoamericano de Madurez (GDLAM) para evaluar la autonomia funcional; el analisis estadistico fue por ANOVA 2 x 2, tambien se calcularon los porcentajes de cambio (Δ%). Resultados: Se mostro mejoria significativa (p.

Comparison of agility and dynamic balance in elderly women with endomorphic mesomorph somatotype with presence or absence of metabolic syndrome / Comparación de la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico en mujeres adultas mayores con somatotipo mesomorfo endomorfico y presencia o ausencia de síndrome metabólico

Physical function declines in efficiency with advancing age, contributing to disability. Furthermore, metabolic syndrome is a common illness in elderly populations, somatotayping is a technique for description of the physique and can establish a relation with performance and pathology. The aim of this work was to compare the agility, dynamic balance in elderly women with endomorphic mesomorph somatotype with presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. A sample of 18 volunteers was obtained (age 66.5+/-4.7 years old), all were elderly sedentary women. They were assessed whit anthropometric variables in accordance with ISAK protocol in order to determine Heath & Carter somatotype; presence of metabolic syndrome they were evaluated according with the NCEP ATP-III, the agility and dynamic balance was assessed with the functional test Time Up and Go (TUGT). Mean of somatotype in subjects with absence or presence of metabolic syndrome was 6.2-7.9-0.2 and 6.5-8.7-0.1 respectively; Shapiro­Wilk test checked the normality of the distribution in the functional test Time Up and Go, in the group with absence or presence of metabolic syndrome, based on its normality distribution for the intergroup comparison, the Student t test was applied, the significance level, utilized was 95 percent (P , 0.05) for the sample assessed without metabolic syndrome, the execution time of the functional test TUGT was better in spite of the same somatotype intergroup. The pathological components of metabolic syndrome can be related whit dysfunctional mobility in elderly women.

Conforme la edad progresa, se presenta una pérdida en la funcionalidad física del ser humano, contribuyendo al deterioro de su autonomía funcional, además el síndrome metabólico (SM) es un padecimiento común en poblaciones de adultos mayores. El somatotipo es una técnica utilizada para describir la forma del físico en diferentes tipos de poblaciones que puede establecer una relación con su rendimiento físico y patologías. El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico en adultas mayores con un somatotipo mesomorfo-endomorfico con presencia o ausencia de SM. Fue reclutada una muestra de 18 mujeres adultas mayores sedentarias (edad promedio de 66.5+/-4.7 años). Las variables antropométricas fueron valoradas utilizando los lineamientos establecidos por ISAK y se determinó el índice morfológico del somatotipo por el procedimiento de Heath & Carter. La presencia de SM fue evaluada de acuerdo al NCEP ATP-III, la agilidad y equilibrio dinámico fue medido mediante el test funcional de Timed up and go (TUGT). La media del somatotipo en las sujetos con ausencia y presencia de SM fue de 6.2-7.9-0.2 y 6.5-8.7-0.1 respectivamente; el test de Shapiro­Wilk fue utilizado para observar la normalidad de la distribución de los datos en el test de funcionalidad (TUGT)de ambos grupos, ya comprobada la normalidad de los datos, se aplicó la prueba t de Student con el nivel de significancia 95 por ciento (P , 0.05), comprobando que el grupo con ausencia de SM presentó una mejor agilidad y equilibrio dinámico. Es posible que los componentes patológicos del SM puedan estar relacionados con una pérdida de autonomía funcional en mujeres adultas mayores.

Pilates method in personal autonomy, static balance and quality of life of elderly females.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Pilates method on the personal autonomy, static balance and quality of life in healthy elderly females. METHOD: Fifty-two elderly females were selected and submitted to evaluation protocols to assess functional autonomy (GDLAM), static balance (Tinetti) and quality of life (WHOQOL-OLD). The Pilates group (PG: n=27) participated in Pilates exercises twice weekly for eight weeks. Descriptive statistics were compiled using the Shapiro-Wilk test. The level of significance was considered to be p< or =0.05. RESULTS: The dependent Student-t test demonstrated significant post-test differences in the Pilates group in the following areas balance (Delta%=4.35%, p=0.0001) and General Index of GDLAM (Delta%=-13.35%, p=0.0001); the Wilcoxon test demonstrated significant post-test differences in the quality of life Index (Delta%=1.26%, p=0.0411). CONCLUSION: The Pilates method can offer significant improvement in personal autonomy, static balance and quality of life.

Fortalecimiento muscular, nivel de fuerza muscular y autonomía funcional en una población de mujeres mayores / Strength training, level of muscular strength and functional autonomy in a population of elderly women

IntroducciónEl presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los efectos del fortalecimiento muscular, en las fases neurogénica y miogénica, sobre el nivel de fuerza muscular y la autonomía funcional de una población de mujeres mayores sanas y sedentarias.Material y métodosLa muestra quedó constituida por 40 mujeres, subdivididas de manera aleatoria en: grupo experimental (GE, n=20; 65,62±5,36 años) y grupo control (GC, n=20; 71,45±5,72 años). Se utilizó el protocolo de una repetición máxima (1RM) para la evaluación de la fuerza muscular y la batería de test del protocolo del Grupo de Desarrollo Latino Americano para la Madurez (GDLAM) para evaluar la autonomía funcional. Para el análisis estadístico fueron utilizadas las siguientes pruebas: Kruskal-Wallis (GE, en relación a los 3 momentos) seguido de las comparaciones múltiples de Dunn; t-Student dependiente (GC, en relación a los 2 momentos) y Mann-Whitney y t-Student independiente por el Δ% (comparación inter-grupos).ResultadosLos resultados en los niveles de fuerza muscular del GE, en la fase miogénica, revelaron ganancias significativas cuando fueron comparados con el pre-test (valores de p: extensión de las rodillas [EJ]=0,0001; flexión de rodilla derecha [FJD] y flexión de rodilla izquierda [FJE]=0,0001; supino recto [SUP]=0,0001; curl de tríceps (RT)=0,0001) y en la fase neurogénica (valores de p: EJ=0,0008; FJD y FJE=0,0031; SUP=0,0005; RT=0,0073). Los tests de autonomía funcional obtuvieron mejoras significativas en el GE: Fase neurogénica (valores de p: índice de autonomía GDLAM [IG]=0,0089; caminar 10m [C10m]=0,0106; levantarse de la posición sentada [LPS]=0,0005; levantarse de la posición decúbito ventral [LPDV]=0,0061; levantarse de silla y desplazarse por la casa [LCLC]=0,0072; test de vestirse y quitarse una camiseta [VTC]=0,0104) y fase miogénica (valores de p: IG=0,0001; C10m=0,0005; LPS=0,0000; LPDV=0,004; LCLC=0,0059; VTC=0,0003)...(AU)

IntroductionThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of muscular strengthening on the level of muscular strength in the neurogenic and myogenic phases and functional autonomy in a population of healthy, sedentary, elderly women.Material and methodsThe sample was composed of 40 women, randomly divided into an experimental group (n=20; 65.62±5.36 years) and a control group (n=20; 71.45±5.72). A protocol of one repetition maximum (1 RM) was employed to evaluate muscular strength and the battery of tests included in the protocol of the Latin American Development Group for Maturity was used to evaluate functional autonomy.ResultsThe results in the experimental group showed a significant increase in the myogenic phase in comparison with the pre-test (p-values: knee extension =0.0001; right knee flexion and left knee flexion=0.0001; straight supine=0.0001; triceps curl=0.0001. Functional autonomy tests showed significant improvements in the experimental group: neurogenic phase (p-values: general autonomy index=0.0089; walking 10meters=0.0106; standing from a sitting position =0.0005; standing from a ventral decubitus position =0.0061; standing from a sitting position and walking around the house =0.0072; putting on and taking off a shirt =0.0104) and the myogenic phase (p-values: general autonomy index=0.0001; walking 10meters=0.0005; standing from a sitting position =0.0000; standing from a ventral decubitus position =0.004; standing from a sitting position and walking around the house =0.0059; putting on and taking off a shirt =0.0003).ConclusionsThus, strength training only showed statistically significant differences in the myogenic phase; statistically significant reductions were also found in the time needed to perform functional autonomy tests in the neurogenic phase(AU)

[Strength training, level of muscular strength and functional autonomy in a population of elderly women]. / Fortalecimiento muscular, nivel de fuerza muscular y autonomía funcional en una población de mujeres mayores.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of muscular strengthening on the level of muscular strength in the neurogenic and myogenic phases and functional autonomy in a population of healthy, sedentary, elderly women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample was composed of 40 women, randomly divided into an experimental group (n=20; 65.62+/-5.36 years) and a control group (n=20; 71.45+/-5.72). A protocol of one repetition maximum (1 RM) was employed to evaluate muscular strength and the battery of tests included in the protocol of the Latin American Development Group for Maturity was used to evaluate functional autonomy. For the statistical analysis, the following tests were used: Kruskal-Wallis (experimental group in relation to three moments) followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test; Student's t-test for dependent samples (control group in relation to two moments) and the Mann-Whitney and Student's t-test for independent samples for Delta% (inter-group comparison). RESULTS: The results in the experimental group showed a significant increase in the myogenic phase in comparison with the pre-test (p-values: knee extension =0.0001; right knee flexion and left knee flexion=0.0001; straight supine=0.0001; triceps curl=0.0001. Functional autonomy tests showed significant improvements in the experimental group: neurogenic phase (p-values: general autonomy index=0.0089; walking 10 meters=0.0106; standing from a sitting position =0.0005; standing from a ventral decubitus position =0.0061; standing from a sitting position and walking around the house =0.0072; putting on and taking off a shirt =0.0104) and the myogenic phase (p-values: general autonomy index=0.0001; walking 10 meters=0.0005; standing from a sitting position =0.0000; standing from a ventral decubitus position =0.004; standing from a sitting position and walking around the house =0.0059; putting on and taking off a shirt =0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, strength training only showed statistically significant differences in the myogenic phase; statistically significant reductions were also found in the time needed to perform functional autonomy tests in the neurogenic phase.

Efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre la autonomía funcional en mujeres mayores sanas / Effects of a strength training program on functional status in healthy elderly women

Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza durante 20 semanas sobre la autonomía funcional de mujeres mayores saludables. Material y métodos: participaron 24 mujeres mayores de 65 años divididas en grupo experimental (GE; n = 13) y grupo control (GC; n = 11). El GE fue sometido a 20 semanas de intervención constituida por 2 fases de entrenamiento: extensión de rodillas, supino en posición sentada, tirón en la polea, flexión unilateral de rodillas, flexión parcial de tronco (abdominal), trabajo de bíceps y tríceps en la polea. Se determinó la autonomía funcional mediante una batería de pruebas incluidas en el protocolo GDLAM antes del ejercicio y en la 4.a y 20.a semana. Se compararon los resultados mediante ANOVA multivariada para medidas repetidas, siguiendo la prueba post hoc de Tukey para muestras desiguales, adoptando un nivel de significación estadística p 5,86; p < 0,005, respectivamente) en relación al GC. Conclusión: la realización de entrenamiento de fuerza durante 20 semanas muestra una mejora en la autonomía funcional para realización de las actividades de la vida diaria en mujeres mayores sanas. Cabe indicar ejercicio específico en grupos seleccionados de población mayor con riesgo de pérdida de autonomía

Objective: to evaluate the effect of a 20-week strength training program on functional status in healthy elderly women. Material and methods: twenty-four women aged more than 65 years old participated in this study. The women were divided into an experimental group (EG, n = 13) and a control group (CG, n = 11). The EG underwent a 20-week intervention consisting of two training phases: knee extension, supine in a sitting position, machine lat pull-down, unilateral knee flexion, partial flexion of the trunk (abdominal), and biceps curl and triceps extension against resistance. Functional status was determined through a battery of tests included in the GDLAM protocol before exercise and at weeks 4 and 20. The results were compared through multivariate repeated measures ANOVA, with the post-hoc Tukey test for unequal samples. Statistical significance was set at p 5.86; p < 0.005, respectively) in comparison with the CG. Conclusion: The 20-week strength training program improved functional autonomy in activities of daily living in healthy elderly women. Specific exercises should be indicated in selected groups of the elderly population at risk of loss of autonomy

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