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IntroducciónEvaluar el impacto de la fatiga por incorrecto descanso nocturno en la realización de una anastomosis manual laparoscópica.MétodosSe lleva a cabo un estudio prospectivo observacional evaluando la realización de una anastomosis manual enteroenteral en endotrainer por residentes. Se dividen en dos grupos; el grupo descanso incluye a residentes que han dormido en casa siete o más horas vs. al grupo fatiga formado por residentes de guardia o que han dormido menos de siete horas. Se evalúa el tiempo empleado, la longitud de la anastomosis, la correcta tensión de la línea de sutura, la correcta aposición de los bordes, la distancia entre puntos y la fuga de aire, en prueba neumática de estanqueidad.ResultadosSe evalúan 402 anastomosis, siendo 211 pertenecientes al grupo descanso y 191 al grupo fatiga. Se detecta fuga en el 33,5% de las anastomosis del grupo fatiga frente al 19,4% en el grupo descanso (p < 0,01). El tiempo empleado en el grupo descanso es de 56,75 vs. 61,49 min en el grupo fatiga (p = 0,006). No hay diferencias en el resto de los parámetros.DiscusiónLa fatiga aumenta el riesgo de fuga y el tiempo que se tarda en completar el ejercicio (AU)
IntroductionTo assess the impact of fatigue due to incorrect night rest in the performance of a laparoscopic manual anastomosis.MethodsA prospective study evaluating the results from the realization of a manual endotrainer entero-enteral anastomosis performed by residents in terms of fatigue caused by inadequate nightly rest. Two groups were established; the fatigue group (F): anastomosis performed by residents coming off shift who slept less than seven hours and the rest group (R), being those who slept at home for more than 7 hours. The time taken, length of the anastomosis and quality of such were compared based on 4 parameters: Air leak test, correct tension on the suture line, accurate opposition of the edges and optimal distance between stitches.Results402 anastomoses were studied (211 rest group, 191 fatigue group). In the fatigue group leaks were detected in 33,5% anastomoses, as opposed to 19,4% in the rest group (p < 0.01). El rest group performed the anastomosis in 56,75 min and the fatigue group in 61,49 min (p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in the others parameters (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Privação do Sono/complicações , Fadiga/etiologia , Internato e Residência , Laparoscopia , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Estudos Prospectivos , Competência ClínicaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of fatigue due to incorrect night rest in the performance of a laparoscopic manual anastomosis. METHODS: A prospective study evaluating the results from the realization of a manual endotrainer entero-enteral anastomosis performed by residents in terms of fatigue caused by inadequate nightly rest. Two groups were established; the FATIGUE group (F): anastomosis performed by residents coming off shift who slept less than seven hours and the REST group(R), being those who slept at home for more than 7 h. The time taken, length of the anastomosis and quality of such were compared based on 4 parameters: Air leak test, correct tension on the suture line, accurate opposition of the edges and optimal distance between stitches. RESULTS: 402 anastomoses were studied (211 rest group, 191 fatigue group). In the fatigue group leaks were detected in 33.5% anastomoses, as opposed to 19.4% in the rest group (P < .01). El rest group performed the anastomosis in 56.75 min and the fatigue group in 61,49 min (P = .006). There were no significant differences in the others parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue increases the risk of leakage and the time to do the exercise.
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Internato e Residência , Laparoscopia , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Fadiga/etiologia , Humanos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Privação do SonoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Oncological outcomes of self-expanding metallic stent used as a bridge to surgery in potential curative patients with left-sided colonic cancer obstruction remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate perioperative and mid-term oncological outcomes of 2 of the currently most commonly performed treatments in left-sided colonic cancer obstruction. METHODS: This is a retrospective multicenter study including patients with left-sided colonic cancer obstruction treated with curative intent between 2013 and 2017. The presence of metastasis at diagnosis was an exclusion criterion. The primary outcome was to evaluate the noninferiority, in terms of overall survival, of bridge to surgery strategy compared with emergency colonic resection. The secondary outcomes were perioperative morbimortality, disease free survival, local recurrence, and distant recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 564 patients were included, 320 in the emergency colonic resection group and 244 in the bridge to surgery group. Twenty-seven patients of the bridge-to-surgery group needed urgent operation. Postoperative morbidity rates were statistically higher in the emergency colonic resection group (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.37 [0.24-0.55], P < .001). There was no difference in 90-day mortality between groups (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 0.85 [0.36-1.99], P = .702). The median follow-up was 3.80 years (2.29-4.92). The results show the noninferiority of bridge to surgery versus emergency colonic resection in terms of overall survival (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval) 0.78 [0.56-1.07], P = .127). There were no differences in disease free survival, distant recurrence, and local recurrence rates between bridge to surgery and emergency colonic resection groups. CONCLUSION: Self-expanding metallic stent as bridge to surgery might not lead to a negative impact on the long-term prognosis of the tumor compared with emergency colonic resection in expert hands and selected patients.
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Neoplasias do Colo , Neoplasias Colorretais , Obstrução Intestinal , Neoplasias do Colo/complicações , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Humanos , Obstrução Intestinal/complicações , Obstrução Intestinal/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Stents , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Introducción: El aprendizaje de las técnicas quirúrgicas es un proceso dinámico. David Kolb describió en los años ochenta un modelo de aprendizaje que permite adaptar el tipo de enseñanza y mejorar los resultados de esta. El objetivo del estudio es identificar los estilos de aprendizaje según Kolb de los participantes en un curso de habilidades técnicas laparoscópicas y comprobar si existe relación con el rendimiento final de la tarea realizada. Métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo que incluye 64 participantes que completaron un curso intensivo donde realizaron anastomosis intestinales manuales laparoscópicas. Todos ellos completaron el inventario de estilos de aprendizaje de Kolb. En cada anastomosis se recogió el tiempo de ejecución y se valoró su calidad. Posteriormente, los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente. Resultados: El estilo de aprendizaje más frecuente fue el asimilador (39,1%). No se observan diferencias significativas entre los estilos y el sexo de los participantes, su categoría profesional, el tiempo en realizar la anastomosis o su calidad. Conclusiones: El estilo de aprendizaje predominante es el asimilador, sin diferencias entre categorías, edad o sexo. No existe relación entre el estilo de aprendizaje de los participantes y los resultados obtenidos en el curso. (AU)
Introduction: Learning surgical techniques is a dynamic process. In the 1980s David Kolb described developed a learning model that enabled teaching styles to adapt for better learner outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the Kolb learning styles of the participants in a laparoscopic technical skills course and to check see if there was any relationship with performance. Methods: An observational descriptive study was conducted with 64 participants in an intensive course in which they performed laparoscopic manual intestinal anastomoses. All completed Kolb's inventory of learning styles. For each anastomosis, join quality was assessed and the performing time recorded. After that, they were analyzed through statistical studies. Results: The most frequent learning style was assimilating type (39.1%). No significant differences were observed between different learning styles and gender, professional category, the time taken or the quality of the anastomoses. Conclusions: Assimilating type was the most frequent Kolb learning style, with no differences observed between categories, age or gender. There is no relationship between the learning style of the participants and the results obtained in the course. (AU)
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Humanos , Cirurgia Geral/educação , Cirurgia Geral/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Espanha , Anastomose Cirúrgica , LaparoscopiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Learning surgical techniques is a dynamic process. In the 1980s David Kolb described developed a learning model that enabled teaching styles to adapt for better learner outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the Kolb learning styles of the participants in a laparoscopic technical skills course and to check see if there was any relationship with performance. METHODS: An observational descriptive study was conducted with 64 participants in an intensive course in which they performed laparoscopic manual intestinal anastomoses. All completed Kolb's inventory of learning styles. For each anastomosis, join quality was assessed and the performing time recorded. After that, they were analyzed through statistical studies. RESULTS: The most frequent learning style was assimilating type (39.1%). No significant differences were observed between different learning styles and gender, professional category, the time taken or the quality of the anastomoses. CONCLUSIONS: Assimilating type was the most frequent Kolb learning style, with no differences observed between categories, age or gender. There is no relationship between the learning style of the participants and the results obtained in the course.
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Laparoscopia , Aprendizagem , Cognição , HumanosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of fatigue due to incorrect night rest in the performance of a laparoscopic manual anastomosis. METHODS: A prospective study evaluating the results from the realization of a manual endotrainer entero-enteral anastomosis performed by residents in terms of fatigue caused by inadequate nightly rest. Two groups were established; the fatigue group (F): anastomosis performed by residents coming off shift who slept less than seven hours and the rest group (R), being those who slept at home for more than 7 hours. The time taken, length of the anastomosis and quality of such were compared based on 4 parameters: Air leak test, correct tension on the suture line, accurate opposition of the edges and optimal distance between stitches. RESULTS: 402 anastomoses were studied (211 rest group, 191 fatigue group). In the fatigue group leaks were detected in 33,5% anastomoses, as opposed to 19,4% in the rest group (p < 0.01). El rest group performed the anastomosis in 56,75 min and the fatigue group in 61,49 min (p = 0.006). There were no significant differences in the others parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Fatigue increases the risk of leakage and the time to do the exercise.
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INTRODUCTION: Learning surgical techniques is a dynamic process. In the 1980s David Kolb described developed a learning model that enabled teaching styles to adapt for better learner outcomes. The aim of this study was to identify the Kolb learning styles of the participants in a laparoscopic technical skills course and to check see if there was any relationship with performance. METHODS: An observational descriptive study was conducted with 64 participants in an intensive course in which they performed laparoscopic manual intestinal anastomoses. All completed Kolb's inventory of learning styles. For each anastomosis, join quality was assessed and the performing time recorded. After that, they were analyzed through statistical studies. RESULTS: The most frequent learning style was assimilating type (39.1%). No significant differences were observed between different learning styles and gender, professional category, the time taken or the quality of the anastomoses. CONCLUSIONS: Assimilating type was the most frequent Kolb learning style, with no differences observed between categories, age or gender. There is no relationship between the learning style of the participants and the results obtained in the course.
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Introducción: El entrenamiento quirúrgico basado en simulación busca la adquisición de habilidades en los participantes noveles y la capacitación en los expertos. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la evolución de los alumnos en un curso intensivo de anastomosis laparoscópica y el análisis de sus resultados dependiendo de su nivel y experiencia previa. Métodos: Se analizaron los alumnos de todos los cursos de anastomosis realizados durante 30 meses en el Hospital virtual Valdecilla (Santander). Se realizaron anastomosis intestinales latero-laterales manuales con vísceras «ex vivo» porcinas en un endotrainer laparoscópico. Se analizaron las diferencias técnicas y de calidad entre la primera y la última anastomosis y se comparó la progresión entre residentes y los facultativos especialistas. Resultados: Se analizaron 45 participantes, 22 de ellos residentes y 23 especialistas. Se observó una mejoría estadísticamente significativa del 80,5% en todos los parámetros procedimentales (94,8% residentes vs. 67,3% especialistas). El tiempo se redujo un 48,1% en los residentes y un 43,2% en los especialistas (p < 0,001). En cuanto a calidad, se obtuvieron mejorías significativas en el grupo de residentes: incremento del 90% de tensión adecuada, reducción del 75% de bordes evertidos y 60% de las fugas. Además, obtuvieron resultados comparables a los especialistas (27,3% fuga en última anastomosis vs. 34,8% especialistas, p = 0,59), los cuales presentaron mejoría sin significación estadística. Conclusiones: El grupo de residentes presenta una mejora mayor y significativa en habilidades procedimentales y en calidad de la técnica, alcanzando el nivel de los especialistas tras completar el curso
Introduction: Surgical training based on simulation seeks the acquisition of skills in novice participants and ongoing sill development in experts. The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of students in an intensive laparoscopic anastomosis course and to analyse their results depending on their level and previous experience. Methods: The students of all the anastomosis courses conducted during 30 months in the Valdecilla virtual hospital (Santander) were analysed. Manual side-to-side intestinal anastomoses with porcine ex vivo viscera were performed in a laparoscopic endotrainer. The technical and quality differences between the first and the last anastomoses were analyzed and the progression between residents and specialists was compared. Results: We analyzed 45 participants, 22 of them residents and 23 specialists. A statistically significant improvement of 80.5% was observed in all procedural parameters (94.8% residents vs. 67.3% specialists). The time was reduced by 48.1% in the residents and 43.2% in the specialists (p < .001). In terms of quality, significant improvements were obtained in the group of residents: an increase of 90% in adequate tension, and a reduction of 75% of everted edges and 60% of leaks. In addition, they obtained results comparable to the specialists (27.3% leak in the last anastomosis vs. 34.8% by the specialists, p = .59), which presented improvement without statistical significance. Conclusions: The group of residents presented a major and significant improvement in procedural skills and in the quality of the technique, reaching the level of the specialists after completion of the course
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Humanos , Animais , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Anastomose Cirúrgica/educação , Laparoscopia/educação , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas/métodos , Treinamento por Simulação/métodos , Competência Clínica , Escolaridade , Internato e Residência/métodos , Modelos Anatômicos , SuínosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Surgical training based on simulation seeks the acquisition of skills in novice participants and ongoing sill development in experts. The aim of this study is to assess the evolution of students in an intensive laparoscopic anastomosis course and to analyse their results depending on their level and previous experience. METHODS: The students of all the anastomosis courses conducted during 30 months in the Valdecilla virtual hospital (Santander) were analysed. Manual side-to-side intestinal anastomoses with porcine 'ex vivo' viscera were performed in a laparoscopic endotrainer. The technical and quality differences between the first and the last anastomoses were analyzed and the progression between residents and specialists was compared. RESULTS: We analyzed 45 participants, 22 of them residents and 23 specialists. A statistically significant improvement of 80.5% was observed in all procedural parameters (94.8% residents vs. 67.3% specialists). The time was reduced by 48.1% in the residents and 43.2% in the specialists (p<.001). In terms of quality, significant improvements were obtained in the group of residents: an increase of 90% in adequate tension, and a reduction of 75% of everted edges and 60% of leaks. In addition, they obtained results comparable to the specialists (27.3% leak in the last anastomosis vs. 34.8% by the specialists, p=.59), which presented improvement without statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: The group of residents presented a major and significant improvement in procedural skills and in the quality of the technique, reaching the level of the specialists after completion of the course.
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Anastomose Cirúrgica/educação , Internato e Residência , Laparoscopia/educação , Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas/métodos , Treinamento por Simulação/métodos , Adulto , Animais , Competência Clínica , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Internato e Residência/métodos , Masculino , Modelos Anatômicos , SuínosRESUMO
La enseñanza de la cirugía se ha visto afectada por múltiples factores a lo largo de estos últimos años, como son la reducción de la jornada laboral, la optimización del uso del quirófano o la seguridad del paciente. La metodología de enseñanza tradicional no logra minimizar el impacto de estos factores en la formación de los cirujanos. La simulación como modelo de enseñanza minimiza dicho impacto y es más eficaz que los métodos docentes tradicionales para integrar los conocimientos y las habilidades clínico-quirúrgicas complejas. La simulación complementa la asistencia clínica al paciente con la formación, creando un entorno de aprendizaje seguro en el que no se ve afectada la seguridad del paciente ni se generan conflictos éticos ni legales. Las metodologías de aprendizaje que utilizan la simulación permiten individualizar la enseñanza adaptándola a las necesidades de aprendizaje de cada alumno. Además, permiten entrenar todo tipo de habilidades técnicas, cognitivas o de comportamiento (AU)
Teaching of surgery has been affected by many factors over the last years, such as the reduction of working hours, the optimization of the use of the operating room or patient safety. Traditional teaching methodology fails to reduce the impact of these factors on surgeons training. Simulation as a teaching model minimizes such impact, and is more effective than traditional teaching methods for integrating knowledge and clinical-surgical skills. Simulation complements clinical assistance with training, creating a safe learning environment where patient safety is not affected, and ethical or legal conflicts are avoided. Simulation uses learning methodologies that allow teaching individualization, adapting it to the learning needs of each student. It also allows training of all kinds of technical, cognitive or behavioural skills (AU)
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Humanos , Treinamento por Simulação/métodos , Cirurgia Geral/educação , Aprendizagem , Complicações Intraoperatórias/prevenção & controle , Capacitação Profissional , Gestão da Segurança , Feedback FormativoRESUMO
Teaching of surgery has been affected by many factors over the last years, such as the reduction of working hours, the optimization of the use of the operating room or patient safety. Traditional teaching methodology fails to reduce the impact of these factors on surgeons training. Simulation as a teaching model minimizes such impact, and is more effective than traditional teaching methods for integrating knowledge and clinical-surgical skills. Simulation complements clinical assistance with training, creating a safe learning environment where patient safety is not affected, and ethical or legal conflicts are avoided. Simulation uses learning methodologies that allow teaching individualization, adapting it to the learning needs of each student. It also allows training of all kinds of technical, cognitive or behavioural skills.
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Educação Médica/métodos , Cirurgia Geral/educação , Modelos Educacionais , Treinamento por Simulação , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The identification of developmental curve patterns generated by a simulation-based educational method and the variables that can accelerate the learning process will result in cost-effective training. This study describes the learning curves of a simulation-based instructional design (ID) that uses ex vivo animal models to teach laparoscopic latero-lateral small bowel anastomosis. METHODS: Twenty general surgery residents were evaluated on their performance of laparoscopic latero-lateral jejuno-jejunal anastomoses (JJA) and gastro-jejunal anastomoses (GJA), using swine small bowel and stomach on an endotrainer. The ID included the following steps: (1) provision of references and videos demonstrating the surgical technique, (2) creation of an engaging context for learning, (3) critical review of the literature and video on the procedures, (4) demonstration of the critical steps, (5) hands-on practice, (6) in-action instructor's feedback, (7) quality assessment, (8) debriefing at the end of the session, and (9) deliberate and repetitive practice. Time was recorded from the beginning to the completion of the procedure, along with the presence or absence of anastomotic leaks. RESULTS: The participants needed to perform 23.8 ± 6.96 GJA (12-35) and 24.2 ± 6.96 JJA (9-43) to attain proficiency. The starting point of the learning curve was higher for the GJA than for the JJA, although the slope and plateau were parallel. Further, four types of learning curves were identified: (1) exponential, (2) rapid, (3) slow, and (4) no tendency. The type of pattern could be predicted after procedure number 8. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may help to identify the learning curve of a trainee early in the developmental process, estimate the number of sessions required to reach a performance goal, determine a trainee's readiness to practice the procedure on patients, and identify the subjects who lack the innate technical abilities. It may help motivated individuals to become reflective and self-regulated learners. Moreover, the standardization of the ID may help to measure the effectiveness of learning strategies and make comparisons with other educational strategies.
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La resección anterior con escisión total mesorrectal es el tratamiento estándar para el cáncer de recto. Este tratamiento sigue siendo técnicamente dificultoso en los tumores localizados en el recto medio e inferior. Presentamos un caso de escisión total mesorrectal robótica transanal con asistencia robó tica en un varón de 57 años e IMC 32 kg/m2 con un adenocarcinoma T2N1M0 a 5 cm de línea pectínea tras tratamiento neoadyuvante. El tiempo quirúrgico fue de 420 min. La estancia postoperatoria fue de 6 días, sin objetivarse complicaciones. El estudio anatomopatológico demostró una pieza de 33 cm, una tumoración ypT2N0 con margen distal de 2 cm, margen circunferencial libre y buena calidad del mesorrecto. La tecnología robótica puede disminuir la dificultad inherente a las plataformas TEO/TEM o SILS para la realización de este tipo de procedimientos. La realización de ensayos clínicos es necesaria para la completa evaluación de esta técnica
Anterior resection with total mesorectal excision is the standard method of rectal cancer resection. However, this procedure remains technically difficult in mid and low rectal cancer. A robotic transanal proctectomy with total mesorectal excision and laparoscopic assistance is reported in a 57 year old male with BMI 32 kg/m2 and rectal adenocarcinoma T2N1M0 at 5 cm from the dentate line. Operating time was 420 min. Postoperative hospital stay was 6 days and no complications were observed. Pathological report showed a 33 cm specimen with ypT2N0 adenocarcinoma at 2 cm from the distal margin, complete TME and non affected circumferential resection margin. Robotic technology might reduce some technical difficulties associated with TEM/TEO or SILS platforms in transanal total mesorectal excision. Further clinical trials will be necessary to assess this technique
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Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Robótica/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
Anterior resection with total mesorectal excision is the standard method of rectal cancer resection. However, this procedure remains technically difficult in mid and low rectal cancer. A robotic transanal proctectomy with total mesorectal excision and laparoscopic assistance is reported in a 57 year old male with BMI 32 kg/m2 and rectal adenocarcinoma T2N1M0 at 5 cm from the dentate line. Operating time was 420 min. Postoperative hospital stay was 6 days and no complications were observed. Pathological report showed a 33 cm specimen with ypT2N0 adenocarcinoma at 2 cm from the distal margin, complete TME and non affected circumferential resection margin. Robotic technology might reduce some technical difficulties associated with TEM/TEO or SILS platforms in transanal total mesorectal excision. Further clinical trials will be necessary to assess this technique.